Slide 1

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 2

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 3

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 4

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 5

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 6

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 7

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 8

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 9

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 10

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 11

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 12

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 13

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 14

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 15

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 16

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17


Slide 17

MAIN ASSUMPTIONS

 Federal Law

“ON USE OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY”
 Federal Law

“ON RADIATION SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
 Law of Russian Federation

“ON CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMENT”
 Some assumptions of other legislative acts, likely to influence

the establishment of legal relations in the field of atomic
energy
JCAT Ch 3

1

LAW IMPLEMENTATION
OBJECTS:
 nuclear installations
 radiation sources
 sites of storage of nuclear materials & radioactive substances
 repositories of radioactive waste and other nuclear and
radiation-hazardous material
at all stages of life cycle, including decommissioning
FEDERAL PROPRIETY:
all nuclear installations, having no defense objectives, incl.NPP

2

REQUIREMENTS TO THE
EXPLOITING ORGANISATIONS
 are fully responsible for the safety of nuclear

installations, including decommissioning, radioactive
wastes and nuclear material management
 have to possess an appropriate power, material and

other resources, including financial ones, which are
sufficient for the realization of their functions
 are obliged to create a special fund for the

decommissioning of NPP units
 any activity in the field of atomic energy has to be

carried out only with a license for rights to carry out
appropriate works in the field of atomic energy

3

FEDERAL LAW “ON RADIATION
SAFETY OF THE POPULATION”
ENTERED IN FORCE IN 1995
states:
 lawful fundamentals for the provision of radiation safety
for the population with a view to preserve public health.
determines:
 main principles of radiation safety provision
 main sanitary norms of exposure (allowable doses)
 measures required for radiation safety provision

4

PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION
SAFETY PROVISION
 the principle of norm
not-exceeding the permissible limits of individual irradiation
doses of citizens from all the sources of ionizing radiation
 the principle of approval
prohibition of all types of activity on use of ionizing
radiation, at which the resulted advantage for individuals and
society does not exceed the risk of possible damage due to
exposure above the natural radiation pool
 the principle of optimization
maintaining individual irradiation doses and number of
exposed persons at a level as low as possible while using any
source of ionizing radiation, taking into account economical
and social factors
5

LAW “ABOUT CONSERVATION OF THE
ENVIRONMENT”/19.12.1991/ed.20.12.2001
general ecological requirements during
 the arrangement, technical-economical justification and planning of
the projects
 the creation, reconstruction and start up of enterprises, installations
and other objects, including NPP
 their decommissioning
requirements
 conservation of natural environment, regarding the near and far
ecological, economical, demographical and moral consequences of
the activity.
 state expertise, as well as the public and ecological ones if needed
for the technical-economical justification of all projects on activity
in the field of atomic energy and projects themselves
 projects are not submitted to approval if they do not meet ecological
requirements. The works on their realization have not to be funded.
obligation
of full compensation for the damage, caused by ecological infringement
of the law, as well as procedure and scale of such compensation.

6

MAIN NORM DOCUMENT
REQUIREMENTS
STATE OF THE ART
 norms and rules largely surpasses the system of norms of the former
USSR, where no law about use of atomic energy existed
 norms and rules in force are mainly based on the statements of
normative documents adopted in nuclear-power complexes of the
former USSR
 some statements of these documents need to be revised in a full
accordance with the Federal Laws of the Russian Federation.
 no complete norm base
 still no possession a real full-scale practical experience concerns
MAIN STATEMENTS ARE BASED ON:
 experience in repairing and dismantling, accumulated on operated
NPP units, industrial, research and transport nuclear reactors
 results of scientific research on nuclear installations which were shut
down.

7

BASIC NORMS AND GUIDING
DOCUMENTS (01.09.2000)
MAIN GUIDING DOCUMENTS
 The main statements on provision of safety of Nuclear Power
Plants (OPB-88/97)
 The regulations on provision of safety during decommissioning
of Nuclear Power Plant unit” (NP-012-99)
NORM DOCUMENTS REQUIREMENTS
 decommissioning of each NPP unit has to be taken into account,
already during its projecting and exploitation, as well as during
technical maintenance and repairs.
 during 5 years prior the end of a NPP unit planned operation period,
the exploiting organization has to develop, justify and submit the
decommissioning Program to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia (State
Atomic Control Body).
 prior to NPP unit decommissioning, a complex inspection has to be
done by the commission appointed by the exploiting organization.
Based on the results of the inspection, the exploiting organization
has to develop a NPP unit decommissioning project and to prepare a
report on the justification of decommissioning safety.

8

REQUIREMENTS OPB-88/97 AND
NP-012-99
 exploiting organization has to obtain the license from the

Gosatomnadzor of Russia
 the NPP unit decommissioning project developed has to pass

through ecological (state and public) expertise
 if the conditions of provision the NPP unit decommissioning

safety do not correspond to the admitted normative limits
and do not provide ecological safety, decommissioning is not
allowed and the license on this type of activity is not issued
 the estimation of the impact on the environment during the

realization of the project has to be included in the set of
documents of the NPP unit decommissioning project

9

REMARKS

 different specific aspects of NPP units decommissioning,

including the problems of safety provision, are not yet
concretized
 the requirement of a justification of decommissioning
duration in case of postponed dismantling is still absent for
the stage of long-term conservation of reactor under control.
 the possibility of NPP units decommissioning is not taken
into consideration in case of immediate dismantling.
 the existing requirements do not account for the difference of
design peculiarities of different types of reactors, exploited in
Russia. Such factors as the NPP multi-units (line with 2
units) are not taken into account. As a result the locations of
some systems and the building are common for units of one
line.

10

REMARKS

 conception, criteria and requirements are not elaborated in

Russia for the management and re-use of low-level
radioactive material (limited and unlimited use) generated in
a significant amount during NPP units decommissioning
 the absence of suitable repositories or burials for radioactive

waste of NPP enforces to plan long-term storage on NPP
sites. Nevertheless no requirements are still determined for
organization with storage site and for procedures of longterm storage of radioactive waste on NPP sites
 no conception of management of irradiated graphite has been

formulated so far for decommissioning of uranium-graphite
nuclear reactors

11

PECULIARITIES OF OBTAINING A
LICENSE FOR DECOMMISSIONING

STATEMENT ON LICENSING OF ACTIVITY IN THE
FIELD OF ATOMIC ENERGY, INCLUDING
DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS
17.07.1977

general requirements are established to the:
 order of application submission
 procedure of its evaluation drawing up
 decision on issue of licenses on different types of

activities in the field of atomic energy

12

ACTIVITIES WHICH REQUIRE
THE LICENSE
1. Creation, start up of exploitation, exploitation, decommissioning of

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.

nuclear installations, radiation sources and sites of storage of nuclear
materials and RAW
Nuclear materials and radioactive substances management
RAW (including radioactive materials of secondary use)
management during storage, treatment, transportation and disposal
Carrying out of scientific-research and experimental-design works
with use of atomic energy and/or use of nuclear materials and
radioactive substances
Realization of safety exploitation and technological processes,
provision of branch (production) safety control
Projecting and construction of nuclear installations, radiation
sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Construction and creation of equipment for nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW
Expertise on projecting (including project on decommissioning of
nuclear installations) and other materials and documentation with a
goal to determine the level of safety of nuclear installations,
radiation sources and sites for storage of nuclear materials and RAW

13

DOCUMENTS TO BE SUBMITTED TO
GOSATOMNADZOR FOR LICENCE
 The decision of the Government of the Russian Federation







about decommissioning of NPP
The application with indication of organization-lawful form
of legal entity, juridical address, kind of activity and object
of its implementation
The document, which confirms the agreement on this kind of
activity between the executive authority of subject of the
Russian Federation and the appropriate authority of the local
self-government, on whose territory the activity is supposed
to be realized
The conclusion of state ecological expertise
The set of documents, which justify the application

14

STAGES OF PROCEDURE
 The application submitted to the Gosatomnadzor of Russia is

accepted for consideration or declined, following the results
of a preliminary control.
 During this control, the nomenclature of the submitted
document is checked, including the fulfillment of established
rules of its drawing up.
 During the process of consideration of the application the
Gosatomnadzor of Russia carries out, on its own decision,
the inspection of NPP unit to be
decommissioned,
expertizes the safety justification, contacts the applicant
about possible remarks and disadvantages.
 The decision about the delivery or deny of delivery of the
license depends on the chiefs of the Gosatomnadzor of
Russia on the base of expert conclusion and of results of
inspection.

15

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
determined by requirements RD-04-27-2000
1. The Program of decommissioning of NPP unit
2. The report on the results of complex (radiation and
engineering) inspection of the NPP unit
3. The report on justification of safety during decommissioning
of the NPP unit
4. The Program and graphic of works on dismantling of
equipment, systems and protective building constructions.
5. The Program of quality provision during decommissioning
of the NPP unit.
6. The instruction on liquidation of accidents on the NPP unit
under decommissioning.
7. The plan of measures on safety of personnel in the case of
accident on the NPP unit during its decommissioning

16

SET OF DOCUMENTS WHICH
JUSTIFY THE APPLICATION
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

The instructions on exploitation of equipment and systems
which take into account the stages of dismantling of
equipment and system, following the dismantling program
The NPP unit decommissioning project material, following
this list, has to be agreed with Gosatomnadzor of Russia
The instructions on accounting and control of radioactive
waste generated during decommissioning of NPP unit
The inquiry about changing in the systems of physical
safety dealing with decommissioning.
The Act about carrying out of physical inventory of nuclear
materials on zones of balance of materials, which is the last
on the moment of submission of application.
The document which confirms the absence of nuclear
materials on NPP unit with indication of time of nuclear
materials exportation.
17