Transcript Document 7559614

TRB/APTA 2004
Bus Rapid Transit Conference
What is BRT?
10:30 – 12:00 noon
Dennis Hinebaugh
Chair, TRB Bus Transit Systems Committee BRT Subcommittee
Director, National Bus Rapid Transit Institute (NBRTI)
(Moderator)
TRB/APTA 2004
Bus Rapid Transit Conference
Session Presentations
• “What is BRT?”, Barbara Sisson
• “BRT: What is it? How is it working? How can
we make it better?”, Sam Zimmerman
TRB/APTA 2004
Bus Rapid Transit Conference
Samuel Zimmerman
• Principal, Transportation Planning for DMJM+HARRIS
• 28 years with the USDOT including 5 with the FHWA, and 23
with FTA
• As Director of Planning at FTA played a key role in developing
and implementing procedures for major transit investment
planning
• Co-principal Investigator for the TCRP Bus Implementation
Guidelines project
• Currently providing his expertise for a rapid transit project in
the York region of Ontario
What is BRT?
TRB-APTA BRT Conference
Denver, Colorado
May 2004
Sam Zimmerman
Principal, Transportation Planning
AN AECOM COMPANY
• What is it?
• How is working?
• How can we make it better?
AN AECOM COMPANY
BRT: Bus Rapid Transit
• Flexible, permanently integrated high
performance system with a quality
image and a strong ID
• Package of components appropriate
to current and future:
– Markets served
– Physical environment
AN AECOM COMPANY
BRT: Bus Rapid Transit
Key Attributes
– Speed
– Reliability
– Identity and image
– Contextual design
AN AECOM COMPANY
BRT System Components
Vehicles
Running Ways
Stations & Terminals
Systems
Service Plan
AN AECOM COMPANY
Stops, Stations and Terminals
• .25 – 1 mile station spacing
• Permanent, substantial, weather protected
• Amenities, passenger information
• Good pedestrian, local bus, auto access
• Safe, secure
• Convey identity and image
• Design integrated with surroundings
AN AECOM COMPANY
Side, Low Platform
Pittsburgh MLK Busway Ext.
Sydney , Australia
Northwest Suburbs Busway
AN AECOM COMPANY
Center, High Platform
Bogota: Transmilenio
AN AECOM COMPANY
Running Ways
• BRT can operate in broad variety of
physical and operating environments
• Critical planning and design parameters:
– Ability to safely support rapid, reliable services
– Safe rapid transit vehicle access
– Identity, aesthetics
AN AECOM COMPANY
Interior, Arterial Curb Bus Lanes
London: Priority Bus Corridor
Boston: Silver Line
AN AECOM COMPANY
Bus/Transitway on Freeway ROW
Median
Houston Transitway
Shoulder
Brisbane: SE Busway
AN AECOM COMPANY
Busway on Railroad ROW
Pittsburgh: East (MLK) Busway
AN AECOM COMPANY
Elevated Sections
Runcorn, UK
AN AECOM COMPANY
Tunnels
Brisbane: SE Busway
Seattle: CBD Bus Tunnel
AN AECOM COMPANY
Running Way Guidance: Mechanical
Curbs: Leeds, UK
Track: Nancy, France
AN AECOM COMPANY
Running Way Guidance: Optical
Civis Rouen
AN AECOM COMPANY
Vehicles
• Rubber-tired, steered and/or guided
• Variety of sizes through 80+ feet
• Conventional buses or special BRT
vehicles
• Environmentally friendly
– Low emissions
– Quiet
AN AECOM COMPANY
Conventional Buses
Zuidtangent
Haarlem Schipol, Neth.
Van Hool 300AG
60 foot Neoplan CNG
Boston Silver Line
AN AECOM COMPANY
Specialized BRT Vehicles
New Flyer Invero
Diesel–Electric Hybrid
Bombardier GLT
Dual-Mode, Driver Steered/
Track Guided
AN AECOM COMPANY
Specialized BRT Vehicles
High Capacity (110+), 83 Ft. Long
Van Hool AGG300
AN AECOM COMPANY
BRT Vehicles
Well- Lit, Open, Quiet Interior
Van Hool 300AG
AN AECOM COMPANY
Fare Collection
● Needs to facilitate multiple stream boarding
−Off-board (preferred)
−On-board multi-point payment
−Significant pass utilization
● Integrated with but may not be the same as for
local bus system
AN AECOM COMPANY
Off–Board Fare Collection
Access Control: Magnetic Card
Bogota: Transmilenio
Proof-of Payment: TVM
Paris: Val de Marne
AN AECOM COMPANY
ITS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Automatic vehicle location
Passenger information
Safety, security
Signal priority
Communications
Fare collection
Vehicle guidance and control
AN AECOM COMPANY
Central Control Room
Vehicle Location, Service Supervision
Brisbane SE Busway
AN AECOM COMPANY
Station Security
Brisbane SE Busway
AN AECOM COMPANY
Passenger Information
On Board
Paris: Val de Marne Busway
At Stations
LA: Metro Rapid Bus
AN AECOM COMPANY
Service Plan
• All-day, Frequent Service
– 8-10 Minutes Or Better In Peaks
• No Schedule Needed
• Simple Route Structure
– Direct, Easy To Understand
• Use BRT Flexibility
– Maximize Directness, Minimize Transfers
AN AECOM COMPANY
BRT Service Plan Alternatives
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
Station
● Base: All-day, local all-stop trunk line
● Overlay: Peak only or all-day express services
Local
Express
Express
AN AECOM COMPANY
BRT Service Plan Alternative
● Base: all-day,
local all-stop
trunk line
Integrated
Neighborhood
Circulation, Line-Haul
● Peak-only or allday integrated
services
Integrated
Neighborhood
Circulation, LineHaul
All Stops,
Local Trunk
Line
AN AECOM COMPANY
Conveying System Identity & Image
• Vehicles:
– Design, colors, graphics, signage
• Stops, Stations, Terminals:
– Design, colors, graphics, signage, materials
• Running Ways:
– Barriers, pavement markings/materials/ colors,
graphics, signage, landscaping
AN AECOM COMPANY
Corporate Identity
Consistent, Unique Station Design
York Rapid Transit, Ontario
AN AECOM COMPANY
Corporate Identity
Consistent, Unique Graphics
Brisbane: S.E. Busway
AN AECOM COMPANY
Corporate Identity
Running Way Materials, Color, Markings
Denver
Sao Paulo
Paris
Auckland
AN AECOM COMPANY
Corporate Identity
Unique Vehicle Livery
Vancouver TransLink
Regular Bus
“98B” BRT
“99B” BRT
AN AECOM COMPANY
How is BRT Working?
AN AECOM COMPANY
RT Operating Speeds
• Operating
Speeds by
ROW Type
– MPH
60
Surface/Freeway Busways
Express Routes
50
Surface/Freeway Busways
40
Local Routes
40-50 mph
30
Arterial Curb Bus Lanes
25-30 mph
Limited Stops
20
14-19 mph
10
11-14 mph
Arterial
Median
Busways
(S. America)
0
AN AECOM COMPANY
Significant Time Savings
Compared to Local Bus
Busways and Freeway Bus
Lanes
Bus Tunnel (Seattle)
Arterial Street Busways /
Bus Lanes
32 – 47%
33%
29 – 32 %
AN AECOM COMPANY
Modest Operating & Maintenance Costs
(Port Authority of Alleghany County, Pittsburgh)*
PAT West
Busway
$/Rev.Veh.Mi. $ 6.40
PAT LRT
$/Rev.Veh.Hr. $81.90
$222.37
$/Pass.-Mi.
$ 0.65
$
0.84
$/Brdng
$ 2.73
$
3.78
$ 15.25
* FTA Evaluation of Port Authority of Alleghany County
West Busway Bus Rapid Transit Project, 4-2003
AN AECOM COMPANY
Attractive to Customers
% Ridership Gain
In Corridor
% of Ridership
New Transit
Trips
>30%
Miami
+40% (3 Yrs.)
+70% (5 Yrs.)
Brisbane
+50% (2 Yrs.)
30%
Vancvr., BC
+30% (2 Yrs.)
>25%
Los Angeles
Boston
Oakland
+100% (18 months
+60% (10 months)
>50%
>30%
NA
AN AECOM COMPANY
Attractive to Customers with a Choice*
Houston Metro
Services,
Customers
% Riders
with
Household
Incomes >
$50,000/Yr
% Riders with
Household
Incomes >
$75,000/Yr
%Riders
from
Households
with > 2
Vehicles
Park/Ride Services
(Rubber-tired
Commuter Rail)
70%
50%
61%
Local Bus
11%
-
16%
* 2002 On Board Survey
AN AECOM COMPANY
High Capacities Achieved
• Maximum Volumes*
– Peak Hour, Peak Direction
25,000 / hour
Sao Paolo (Nova de Julio)
Bogotá Transmilenio
NYC Lincoln Tunnel XBL
15 – 20,000 / hour
Porto Alegre
Quito
10 – 15,000 / hour
Curitiba
Ottawa
Brisbane
*Highest LRT Volumes in NA < 10,000/Hr.
AN AECOM COMPANY
Attractive to Developers, Owners
• Significant Urban Development Effects
–
–
–
–
–
–
Curitiba Surface Metro
Ottawa Transitway System
Pittsburgh East Busway
Denver: 16th Street Mall
Brisbane SE Busway
Boston Silver Line
AN AECOM COMPANY
Boston: MBTA Silver Line
$700 M Worth of Projects Along Line
Since Construction Began
AN AECOM COMPANY
Boston MBTA:
Silver Line, Washington St.
New Mixed Use Development
Adjacent to Stations
AN AECOM COMPANY
Denver 16th St. Mall
New Entertainment Venues
AN AECOM COMPANY
Ottawa Transitways
St. Laurent Mall: Highest Grossing
per Sq. Ft. In Ottawa, 30% Mode Share
AN AECOM COMPANY
“Brisbane Courier Mail,” 7/2/02
• Brisbane: Southern Suburbs,
available
... with owner, 5 minutes walk from
Garden City, Busway etc. Looking for a
mature reliable person with ... for 3 b/r
townhouse Greenslopes. Walk to
busway and Logan Road. $75 a week,
airconditioning, LUG ...
AN AECOM COMPANY
“Brisbane Courier Mail,” 1/26/02
AN AECOM COMPANY
BRT Urban Design Integration
Brisbane SE Busway Station
AN AECOM COMPANY
How Can We Make BRT Better?
Critical Observations
AN AECOM COMPANY
Plan for Enforcement
AN AECOM COMPANY
Running Way Enforcement
• Need Strong Running
Way Identity
– Provides visual cues for
motorists and pedestrians
– Facilitates enforcement
– Makes a positive statement
about transit
Wellington, New Zealand
AN AECOM COMPANY
Be Careful Not to Have Too Many Stops
Arterial Bus Speeds in Relation to Dwell Times and Traffic
Congestion
Average Speed (MPH)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
Stops Per Mile
20 Sec Dwell .5 min/mile Traffic Delay
30 Sec Dwell 1 min/mile Traffic Delay
AN AECOM COMPANY
BRT Stop Spacing
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
• Average Spacing (feet)
2900-21000’
At-grade/Freeway Busways
2100-3900’
Bus Tunnels
Arterial Busways:
1200-5600’
US, Europe, Australia
South America
1000-2100’
AN AECOM COMPANY
Fare Collection & Vehicles: Important for
Speed, Reliability
• Need Easy, Multiple Door Boarding & Alighting
• Analyze Options on Net Cost Basis
– Fare collection
– Door Number, Width, Location
– Vehicle Floor (and Station Platform) Height
AN AECOM COMPANY
Lessons Learned
• Plan For BRT As For Any Rapid Transit
Mode (i. e., Use Rail Criteria)
– Use transportation planning process to
sort out alternatives
– Serve demonstrated markets
– Match service plans, running ways,
vehicles, stations and markets
– Begin integration with land use planning
early
AN AECOM COMPANY
Lessons Learned Unique to BRT
• Recognize that there is no single BRT system
prescription
• Work hard to inform public and decisionmakers that BRT is A high quality, high
performance RT option
• Focus on system integration and identity
• Be willing to spend money on BRT
– Maintain system integrity
– Resist de-construction
AN AECOM COMPANY
END
AN AECOM COMPANY