Transcript Underground and Submarine Cable Transmission Systems Roger Rosenqvist – Grid Systems

Roger Rosenqvist
ABB Inc. – Grid Systems
Raleigh, NC
Underground and Submarine
Cable Transmission Systems
High Voltage Cable and Cable Accessories from ABB
ABB Kabeldon, Alingsås
ABB Moskabel, Moscow
ABB Power Technologies,
Karlskrona
Solid Dielectric Cables – Examples of Milestone Events
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In 1973 ABB began deliveries of solid dielectric (“XLPE”) underground cable
systems for voltage ratings up to 145 kV AC.
In 1984 ABB furnished and commissioned a complete XLPE underground
cable system rated 220 kV AC for the municipal power company in Stockholm.
In 1991 ABB furnished and commissioned a XLPE submarine cable system
rated 138 kV AC to South Padre Island in Texas.
In 1997 ABB introduced solid dielectric cable systems for high voltage direct
current transmission (“HVDC Light”).
In 1998 ABB furnished and commissioned a complete XLPE cable system
rated 420 kV AC for BEWAG in Berlin.
In 2002 ABB commissioned the longest underground transmission circuit in the
world – 110 miles long HVDC Light underground cable circuit in Australia rated
200 MW, 300 kV (±150 kV);
In 2002 ABB commissioned a 24 miles long solid dielectric HVDC Light
submarine cable circuit across the Long Island Sound rated 330 MW, 300 kV;
To date ABB has furnished and installed more than 4,500 miles of XLPE cables
rated 110 kV and above.
Reliability of Solid Dielectric Cable Systems
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For EHV type cable systems (220 kV and above), only superclean XLPE materials are used during manufacturing.
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The predicted annual failure rate per mile for EHV cable systems
is approaching zero based on available operating data to-date.
Solid Dielectric Cables for High Voltage Transmission Systems
A recent document submitted by two electric
power utility companies in Connecticut as part
of the approval process for a new 345 kV AC
transmission circuit points out the following
advantages of solid dielectric over fluid-filled
cable technology:
 Absence of insulating fluids eliminates the risk of
accidental release of hazardous materials and
substances into the environment;
 Lower maintenance costs (solid dielectric cables
are virtually maintenance free);
 Cable capacitance per mile and phase is less
than 60% of the capacitance of fluid filled cables;
 Ability to splice cables in discontinuous shifts.
(important characteristic when cable circuits are
installed in public roads).
Typical EHV AC Underground Cable Design
Rated voltage:
Up to 550 kV
Conductor material:
Copper (round, segmented)
Insulation system
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Conductor screen material:
Insulation type/material:
Insulation screen:
Conductive PE
Dry cured extruded XLPE
Conductive PE
Longitudinal moisture seal:
Swell able tapes
Metallic screen:
Copper wires
Temperature monitoring:
FIMT in metallic screen
Radial moisture sealing:
Laminate (Cu or Al) and PE
Outer jacket:
Polyethylene
Typical EHV AC Submarine Cable Design
Rated voltage:
Up to 230 kV
(Up to 500 kV for short distances)
Conductor material:
Copper
Insulation system
 Conductor screen material:
 Insulation type/material:
 Insulation screen:
Conductive PE
Dry cured extruded XLPE
Conductive PE
Longitudinal water seal:
Swelling tapes
Metallic sheath material:
Lead alloy
Inner sheath material:
Conductive PE
Armor material:
Copper wires
Outer serving material:
Polypropylene yarn
Typical Submarine Cable Design – 138 kV AC
Rated voltage:
Up to 230 kV
Conductor material:
Copper
Insulation system
 Conductor screen material:
 Insulation type/material:
 Insulation screen:
Conductive PE
Dry cured extruded XLPE
Conductive PE
Longitudinal water seal:
Swelling tapes
Metallic sheath material:
Lead alloy
Inner sheath material:
Conductive PE
Armor material:
Galvanized steel wires
Outer serving material:
Polypropylene yarn
Solid Dielectric Cables for High Voltage Transmission Systems
Issues in connection with cable transmission over long distances:
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Charging current in AC cables consumes capacity cumulatively with
distance (e.g., 25 miles of 345 kV XLPE cable requires
approximately 600 A charging current)
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Capacity diminishes with distance limiting the maximum practical
distance of AC underground transmission circuits
Solid Dielectric Cable for High Voltage Transmission Systems
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HVDC technology offers a feasible alternative for long distance
underground or submarine cable transmission.
High Voltage DC Transmission Systems around the World
High Voltage DC Transmission Systems in North America
Solid Dielectric HVDC Light® Underground Cable
Cable technology advancements facilitate long
distance underground transmission systems
1999
Gotland
160 kV, 50 MW
43 miles
2002
Murray link
300 kV, 220 MW
112 miles
2000
Direct Link
160 kV, 3×60 MW
3×40 miles
2006
EstLink
300 kV, 350 MW
20 miles (+46 miles subsea)
2008
Nord E.On 1
300 kV, 400 MW
47 miles (+80 miles subsea)
2006
2500 mm2 Cu (Al)
640 kV, 1100 MW (700 MW)
Solid Dielectric HVDC Light® Submarine Cable
Significant technology milestone events
 2002 – Cross Sound: 300 kV, 330 MW, 25 miles
 2005 – Troll A: 120 kV, 2×40 MW, 2×42 miles
 2006 – EstLink: 300 kV, 350 MW, 46 miles
 2006 – Single-circuit ratings up to 640 kV, 1100 MW
 2008 – Nord E.On 1: 300 kV, 400 MW, 80 miles
MAPP – Cable Technology Considerations
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Cable terminations are commercially available for voltage ratings up to
550kV AC and 500kV DC.
Flexible factory joints for XLPE submarine cables are commercially
available for voltages up to 230kV AC and 640kV (±320kV) DC.
ABB’s cable factory in Karlskrona, Sweden, can extrude EHV submarine
cable in continuous lengths (i.e., lengths without any flexible factory
joints) of up to around nine (9) miles.
The planned Chesapeake Bay Crossing is approximately 12 miles in
length. Any 500kV AC XLPE cable option will have to include submarine
cable field splices. To date, such splices have never been used in any
commercial application.
For installation at moderate water depths (i.e., depths of 300 feet or
less), a submarine cable field splice consists of two principal parts:
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a pre-molded XLPE cable splice of a similar type used for splicing of
underground XLPE cables
 a rigid water tight metal enclosure for mechanical and moisture protection of
the splice
MAPP – Cable Technology Considerations
Calvert Cliffs
Vienna
East Bay Shore
Indian River
Submarine
cable
500 kV AC Option
Submarine
cable
Aerial transmission line
Aerial transmission line
Submarine
cable
East Bay Shore
Calvert Cliffs
Vienna
Aerial transmission line
Aerial transmission line
Submarine cable
Aerial transmission line
Aerial transmission line
Submarine cable
Aerial transmission line
1000 MW capacity
700 MW MAPP transfer capacity
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850 MW MAPP contingency capacity
Indian River
Submarine cable
3000 MW capacity
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2000 MW capacity
640 kV DC Option – Stage 3
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3000 MW MAPP transfer capacity
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3000 MW MAPP contingency capacity
Solid Dielectric Cables for High Voltage Transmission Systems
Project:
300 kV (±150 kV) HVDC Light cable
TransEnergie US
Cable type:
HVDC Light 1300 mm2 Cu
New Haven
Long Island Sound
New York
Shoreham
Length:
26 miles route length
Scope of supply:
Project management, cable system,
converters, installation, trial
operation
Year: 2002
Solid Dielectric Cables for High Voltage Transmission Systems
Solid Dielectric Cables for High Voltage Transmission Systems
Project:
300 kV HVDC Light submarine cable,
350 MW
AS Nordic Energy Link
Finland
Cable type:
HVDC Light 1 x 1000 mm2 Cu
Armored submarine cable
HVDC Light 1 x 2000 mm2 Al
Underground cable
Estonia
Length:
2 x 47 miles submarine cable
2 x 18 miles underground cable
Scope of supply:
Cable system design, project
management, cable and accessories,
land- and offshore installation, testing
Year:
2006
Solid Dielectric Cables for High Voltage Transmission Systems
Solid Dielectric Cables for High Voltage Transmission Systems
Solid Dielectric Cables for High Voltage Transmission Systems
Project:
200 MW transmission circuit
for TransEnergie in Australia
Cable type:
300 kV (±150 kV) HVDC Light
180 km total route length
(approximately 110 miles)
Scope of supply:
HVDC Light cable
joints and terminations
Commissioning:
September 2002
Solid Dielectric Cables for High Voltage Transmission Systems
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Right-of-way < 4 m (13 feet)
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400 field joints
Murray link
received three
different Case
Earth Awards
MAPP – Cable Technology Considerations
SouthWestlink, SVK and Statnett
Stage 1
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2 × 1200 MW
converters
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124 miles
underground cable
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124 miles AC OHL
upgrade 220 to 400 kV
Stage 2
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1 × 1200 MW
convertors
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217 miles
underground cable
Submarine Cables for Transmission Systems
Installation of submarine cables
Submarine Cables for Transmission Systems
Installation of submarine cables
Cable Laying In Trench (Direct Burial)
5'
1'
10"
20"
backfill with materials
removed from trench
Approx. 3" sand under cable and
4" sand cover over cable
Thank you!