Transcript Prof. Thomson Sinkala Addis Ababa, Ethiopia By BIOFUELS FOR POVERTY REDUCTION

BIOFUELS FOR POVERTY REDUCTION
Presented at the
FIRST HIGH-LEVEL BIOFUELS SEMINAR IN AFRICA
30 July – 1 August 2007
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
By
Prof. Thomson Sinkala
CHAIRMAN, Biofuels Association of Zambia
THE BIOFUELS HYPE
The subject of biofuels has to-day
generated an intense debate
world-wide, FOR and AGAINST.
The majority of the populace,
though, is unaware that we are in
a “Noah and the ark” era.
This can be seen by a “laissez fare” attitude / approach to the
biofuels uptake / development.
Biofuels Have Existed
Since the 1800s
1826, Samuel Morey developed an
engine that ran oil ethanol and
turpentine.
1860, German engine inventor Nicholas
Otto used ethanol as the fuel in one of
his engines. Otto is best known for his
development of a modern internal
combustion engine (the Otto Cycle) in
1876.
In 1898, Rudolf Diesel premiered the
diesel engine at the World’s Exhibition
in Paris to run on peanut oil.
So, Why Biofuels Now?
PEAK OIL
This is the problem of energy
resource depletion when the
global oil production will come
to a peak.
In the past, this peak has been
predicted by many models to
occur about 2010. Some models
say we have already peaked!
Why Peak Oil?
1. Demand has gone up.
Today we consume three times
more than we discover !!!!
2. Very few (none last year) new
oil discoveries.
3. Existing ones are becoming
increasingly more expensive to
extract due to e.g. worsening
geological conditions.
4. Geopolitical problems in some
of the countries extracting oil.
Prof. Thomson Sinkala, CHAIRMAN of Biofuels Association of Zambia
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The International Energy Agency (IEA) chief
economist Fatih Birol said in an interview with
French newspaper Le Monde just two weeks ago:
"If Iraqi production does not rise
exponentially by 2015, we have a very big
problem, even if Saudi Arabia fulfills all
its promises. The numbers are very
simple, there's no need to be an expert."
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BIOFUELS ARE ONLY PART
OF THE SOLUTION TO THE
ENERGY CRISIS
Clearly, biofuels are an old
story.
They have only resurfaced due
to:
1.Security of supply of fuels
caused by a looming PEAK
and
2.Increasingly expensive fossil
fuels, thereby making
biofuels competitive.
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Prof. Thomson Sinkala, CHAIRMAN of Biofuels Association of Zambia
BIOFUELS ARE A GOLDEN
OPPORTUNITY FOR
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
This has however also
created envy / enemies.
AVENUES OF FEARS, CONCERNS
AND MISINFORMATION INCLUDE:
•Food security;
•Environment / invasiveness; and
•Land requirements.
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Prof. Thomson Sinkala, CHAIRMAN of Biofuels Association of Zambia
ARE BIOFUELS WORSE
THAN OTHER INDUSTRIES?
Environmental damage due to mining
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Prof. Thomson Sinkala, CHAIRMAN of Biofuels Association of Zambia
Should we put a stop to mining because of
this damage and hazard?
No because we need cars,
clothes, houses, food, etc!
The issue then is to mine /
develop biofuels responsibly!
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PLEASE ALLOW ME TO BE
VERY CLEAR HERE:
The threat of energy insecurity
is real.
Malicious detractors, those
who are not adding value to
our biofuels programmes,
must not be entertained!
When we shall be reduced to
walking, when our industries
shall come to a halt, not
even their guilt will reverse
the calamity.
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Prof. Thomson Sinkala, CHAIRMAN of Biofuels Association of Zambia
What are the Imperatives?
(i) Reduction Of The Negative Impact
Of Fuel Price And Supply On The
Economy
ii) Enhancing National Security
iii) Opportunity for choice of
environmentally friendly fuels
(and for most of us in Africa)
(iv) Opportunity for empowering the
marginalised
noting that most of the problems in
rural areas are energy-related.
BIOFUELS: A Catalyst for Addressing Rural Problems
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PARAMETERS FOR BIOFUELS TARGETS
1. Scope of wealth ownership at all levels;
2. Production technology;
3. Job creation;
4. Resilience against external disturbances;
5. Diversity of products;
6. Size of investment;
7. Market scope;
8. Land requirements;
9. Water requirements;
10. Food security;
11. Geographical coverage of wealth
ownership in the country; and
12. Environmental protection
To realise the opportunities
associated with biofuels,
the choice of source of
feedstock is cardinal
Feed
C
R
I
T
E
R
I
A
FUEL
SCORE
stock
Biodiesel
Etc
Jatropha
3000
3
3
3
3
3
3
Etc
33
Oil palm
5000
3
2
3
2
2
2
Etc
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Etc
Etc
B/ethanol
10000
3
3
2
1
1
2
Etc
21
S Sorghum
3000
3
3
3
2
2
3
Etc
27
Cassava
3800
3
3
3
2
3
3
Etc
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S/cane
Etc
Etc
Biogas
Jatropha
?
3
3
3
3
3
3
Etc
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Prof. Thomson Sinkala, CHAIRMAN of Biofuels Association of Zambia
For Example
FEEDSTOCKS FAVOURABLE TO
ZAMBIA’S SITUATION
OIL / BIODIESEL
1. Jatropha curcas (first choice and
country-wide participation)
2. Palm (mainly viable on large
scale)
BIOETHANOL
1. Sweet sorghum (country-wide
participation)
2. Sugarcane (already existing)
Prof. Thomson Sinkala, CHAIRMAN of Biofuels Association of Zambia
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HOW CAN BIOFUELS ADDRESS
PROBLEMS OF THE POOR?
LET US APPROACH THIS
CONTRIBUTION
through demonstration of
the change in socioeconomic status of the
impoverished brought
about by bifouels industry
rather than
quantifying how much
money they will make
Prof. Thomson Sinkala, CHAIRMAN of Biofuels Association of Zambia
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EXAMPLES USING JATROPHA
BIOFUELS IS A PARTICIPATORY
INDUSTRY IF APPROPRIATE
FEEDSTOCKS ARE EMPLOYED
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Prof. Thomson Sinkala, CHAIRMAN of Biofuels Association of Zambia
Simple filtration system
(COURTESY of Energiebaue of Germany)
POWERING RURAL AREAS TO
EMPOWER THE DISADVANTAGED
COURTESY of Energiebaue of Germany
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PROBLEM: Poor Educational
Services
•High illiteracy levels
•Inadequate teachers
•Inadequate schools/colleges
•Inadequate educational books /
materials
•Poor laboratories
•Poor classroom visuals
•Absence of educational facilities
BIOFUELS IMPLICATIONS
•Access to eLearning
•Access to eLibraries
•Access to eLaboratories
•More affordable education
•Access to teacher community
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FIRST eLEARNING ZAMBIA NATIONAL CONFERENCE
THEME: eLearning in National Development
________________________________________________________________________
15-17 March 2007
Mulungushi International Conference Centre
Lusaka, Zambia
________________________________________________________________________
(Draft) CONFERENCE REPORT
Compiled by
Prof. Thomson Sinkala
Mr. Victor Muyatwa
Mr. Moses Mwale
Mr. Charles Ndakala
Mr. Katwamba Mwansa
Dr. Enala Tembo Mwase
Mr. Kalisha Malama
Ms. Esvah Chizambe
Ms. Grace Zozi
Ms. Yvette Mpakateni
Mr. Selisho Chanda
Mr. Christopher Chamoto
For the Ministry of Education
April 2007
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EXAMPLE OF eLEARNING
COURSE COST COMPARISON
(Course in Lusaka, Participant based in Kitwe in Copperbelt)
Cost (US $)
COST PER PERSON PER 40 - HOUR COURSE
(30 Participants)
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
f2f
Blended
On-line
On-line at work
Course delivery mode
Prof. Thomson Sinkala, CHAIRMAN of Biofuels Association of Zambia
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PROBLEM: Poor Transport
• High fuel expenses
• Poor roads
• High spares bills
• Inefficient transport systems
BIOFUELS IMPLICATIONS
• Improved income
 Better roads
 Affordable spares bill
•Affordable/own fuel
•Improved efficiency
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PROBLEM: Poor Food Security
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Expensive fertilizer
Poor fertilizer availability
Degraded soils
Expensive inputs
Inadequate manpower (HIV/AIDS)
High fuel expenses for tractors
Poor crop yields
Low prices for produce
BIOFUELS IMPLICATIONS
• Own/readily available organic fertiliser
– Improved soils
– High crop yields
• Own/readily available fuels
• Improved affordability for agric inputs
– Tractors, herbicides
• Better prices for produce
• Healthier manpower
• Improved household economy
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AGRICULTURE: From hoe to tractor
ORGANIC FERTILISERS
Progressively replace inorganic
fertilisers with Jatropha-based
organic fertiliser
10 gms
Jatropha cake
5 gms
D-compound
5 gms
Jatropha cake
Jatropha organic fertilizer tests at
Thomro Biofuels Farm, Zambia [PHOTO:
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T. Sinkala, 12/2/2007]
A maize field in Zimbabwe showing
the impact of JCL press cake
applied to the portion on the left
hand size vs. cow dung on the
right side. (Photo BUN 1999)
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PROBLEM: Poor Health
• Inadequate health personnel
• Inadequate medicines
• Poor communication for referral
cases
• Inadequate reference health literature
BIOFUELS IMPLICATIONS
• Improved retention of rural-based
health personnel
• Better health services due to powered
medical operations e.g. fridges
• Improved availability of medicines
• Improved affordability for medical
services
• Tele medical diagnosis/advice
• Access to medical eLibraries
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PROBLEM: Accelerated
Environmental Degradation
Inefficient resource utilization
Inefficient/uncontrolled resource harvesting
Forestry depletion
Poor water quality
Poor sanitation
BIOFUELS IMPLICATIONS
•Electric/biogas stoves
Forest conservation
•Improved resource harvesting/utilization
•Water pumps, hence ground water
Improved water & sanitation
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PROBLEM: Loss of Family Cohesion
•Increasingly fragmented family chores
•Increasingly diminishing hereditary skill
BIOFUELS IMPLICATIONS
•Increased family bond
•Increased family-based skills
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My Kids and I have mutual
reasons to work together
For them
• It is exciting,
•They pick-up the skill,
•They grow with the development 34
My Kids have reasons to invite friends
As a result, they are
• Recruiting new Jatro disciples,
•They are reducing the time of kidexposure to mischief,
•They are growing up techno
minded.
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My 17 – year kid decided to:
Process Jatro oil into
biodiesel and soap
and to make a website
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Clearly, biofuels industry offers
great opportunities for us, such
as:
1. Strengthening family bonds;
2. Passing-on skills to young
generations;
3. Minimising exposure of children
to mischief;
4. Minimising NEGATIVE extended
family instrusions; and
5. Capacity to look after orphans
resulting from by e.g. HIV/AIDS
pandemic.
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LAND REQUIREMENTS
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PROPER PLANTATION MANAGEMENT
CAN REDUCE LAND REQUIREMENTS
Prof. Thomson Sinkala, CHAIRMAN of Biofuels Association of Zambia
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Age of Plant Increases Production
FROM: JATROPHA CURCAS, Production and Utilisation Manual, Kenya
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Prof. Thomson Sinkala, CHAIRMAN of Biofuels Association of Zambia
CONCLUSIONS /
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The threat of energy insecurity is real
and malicious detractors must not be
entertained.
2. Government POLICIES and LEGAL
FRAMEWORKS on biofuels should be
put in place urgently to build
confidence and energize players.
3. The biofuels industry has room for all
at all levels in society, and therefore
has potential to address economic
problems country-wide.
4. Land requirements for biofuels
industry, especially that using
Jatropha, are way less than feared.
Prof. Thomson Sinkala, CHAIRMAN of Biofuels Association of Zambia
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CONCLUSIONS / RECOMMENDATIONS
(continued)
6. Biofuels is a new industry
addressing the energy insecurity
as well as significant poverty
alleviation and needs to be
assisted through incentives and
R & D.
7. Research must run IN PARALLEL
with production.
8. It is cardinal that Governments
facilitate availability of funds to
enable participation by citizens in
the biofuels industry, otherwise
citizens will soon be reduced to
workers forever.
Prof. Thomson Sinkala, CHAIRMAN of Biofuels Association of Zambia
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BIOFUELS WILL HELP US
MINIMISE POVERTY RELATED
CHAOS AND STABILISE THE
POLITICAL LANDSCAPES
Pandemonium at
University of Zambia!!
FROM: Post Newspaper, Zambia
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Thank you for
your attention
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