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GOVERNMENT POLICY, REGULATIONS, ETC in support of biofuels 1 IN PLACE: Government policy (2007) Statutory Instrument (SI) 42 (2008) Standards for biodiesel and bioethanol (2008) IN PRE-DRAFT: Biofuels regulatory framework (2009) Technical guidelines for production, storage, transportation and retailing of biofuels (2009) Blending ratios (2009) 2 Biofuels Association of Zambia The Biofuels Association of Zambia (BAZ) is an association of firms, companies and individuals who are producers or service providers in biofuels industry in Zambia. The Association was registered under the Societies Act of the Laws of Zambia on 25th September 2006, with support of Government through the Ministry of Energy and Water Development. The Association dialogues with Government and other stakeholders to promote the interests of the biofuels industry. 3 CHOICE OF LIQUID BIOFUELS FEEDSTOCKS 4 In general, the choice of biofuels feed stocks in a given country depends on: •National econo-political interests; •Level of appreciation of the significance of biofuels industry in national economy; •Agronomic and climatic conditions; and •Knowledge/technology base to economically produce biofuels from identified feedstocks. 5 Feedstock Selection Approach in Zambia Twelve (12) selection criteria considered 1. Scope of wealth ownership; 2. Production technology; 3. Job creation; 4. Resilience against external disturbances; 5. Diversity of products; 6. Size of investment; 7. Market scope; 8. Land requirements; 9. Water requirements; 10. Food security; 11. Geographical coverage of wealth ownership; and 12. Environmental protection. 6 Feedstock Selection Approach in Zambia (Continued) Quantified assessment of 1st generation feedstocks Feed FUEL Biodiesel C R I T E R I stock A SCO R E Etc Jatropha 3000 3 3 3 3 3 3 Etc 33 Oil palm 5000 3 2 3 2 2 2 Etc 24 Etc Etc B/ethanol S/cane 10000 3 3 2 1 1 2 Etc 21 S Sorghum 3000 3 3 3 2 2 3 Etc 27 Cassava 3800 3 3 3 2 3 3 Etc 27 Etc Etc In general, the best feedstock should be one that NET empowers all players across the board, from small to large. MONOPOLISTIC feedstocks are a possible breeding ground for UNSUSTAINABLE biofuels industry. 7 Preferred (NOT EXCLUSIVE) Biofuels Feedstocks for Zambia (Some) Bioethanol Feedstocks Sugarcane Cassava Sweet sorghum 8 (Some) Oil/Biodiesel Feedstocks Palm Jatropha Castor 9 Land Requirements Bioethanol (PETROL: 180,023,209 litres in 2009) FEEDSTOCK YIELD (litres/ha) LAND FOR 100% SINGLE FEEDSTOCK (Ha) LAND FOR 10% SINGLE FEEDSTOCK BLENDING (Ha) Sugarcane 6,000 30,000 3,000 Cassava (rain fed) 5,000 36,000 3,600 Sweet sorghum (rain fed) 4,000 45,000 4,500 Biodiesel (DIESEL: 509,291,904 litres in 2009) YIELD (litres/ha) LAND FOR 100% SINGLE FEEDSTOCK (ha) LAND FOR 10% SINGLE FEEDSTOCK BLENDING (Ha) Palm 4,500 114,000 11,400 Jatropha (r/fed) 2,500 200,000 20,000 Castor (rain fed) 1,200 425,000 42,500 FEEDSTOCK 10 Major Products and Byproducts of Liquid Biofuels Industry • • • • • • • Liquid biofuels Biogas Electricity Organic fertiliser Charcoal Animal fodder Fibre 11 Mosquito repellant Glycerol 1500 uses Biodiesel EXAMPLE Soap Oil Jatropha seeds Jatropha oil extraction Gas cooker Organic fertilizer No Cake All major energy forms are available in biofuels industry !! Cake Slurry Biogas Jatropha cake Charcoal Electricity 12 If the Zambian Government puts in appropriate incentives, Zambians will get a result For Example European biogas electricity production in 2006 was 17,272 GWh per year, of which 7,338 GWh was by Germany alone. Biogas now represents 1.2% of the annual production of electricity and nearly 10percent of renewable energy, with an installed power close to 1,500 MW. In particular, this success is due to efficient regulations, intended to promote renewable energies. In fact, the German law stipulates the purchase price per kWh by energy distributing companies for 20 years. This price takes into account the ‘green’ nature of the energy and recompenses the operators, based on efficiency, technological innovation and agricultural re-conversion criteria. http://www.engineerlive.com/Energy-Solutions/Waste-to-Energy/Biogas_electricity_production_hits_17_272GWh_a_year_in_Europe_/20788/13 Every Zambian Can Participate 14 Plantation ownership Jatropha as a Field Jatropha as a Hedge Jatropha as an Intercrop SIMPLE TECHNOLOGIES Yenga press to extract oil Oil pressed from Jatropha 16 Oil filtration FROM: Kakute in Arusha, Tanzania 17 THE LIQUID BIOFUELS MARKET National Market International Market 18