Transcript Learning To Use New Testament Greek Lesson XI

Learning To Use
New Testament
Greek
Lesson XI
ajgro;V, oJ
field
agrarian
dou:loV, oJ
servant, slave
qa;natoV, oJ
death
thanatology – study of
death
li;qoV, oJ
stone
lithography
uiJoV, oJ
son
e[rgon, to;
work
erg = unit of work
ergonomic
eujalle’lion, to;
gospel
evangelical
teknon, to;
child
e[rhmoV, hJ
wilderness, desert
hermit
oJdoV, hJ
road, way
odometer
ginw;skw
I know
Gnostic
lamba;nw
I take, I receive
fe;rw
I bring, I bear
Christopher – bearer of
Christ
de;
now, but
Nouns (of the 2nd declension)
• names person, place, thing, quality or
idea
• John 1 “12 But as many as received Him,
to them He gave the right to become
children of God, to those who believe in
His name: 13 who were born, not of
blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of
the will of man, but of God.”
– blood is a noun
– Greek aimatwn (Plural genitive noun)
• English – mass noun (e.g. sugar)
• Literally “bloods”
– Indicates family lineage
Distinctive Features Of A Noun
• Case
– Nominative, Genitive, Dative,
Accusative, **Vocative**
• Gender
– Masculine, Feminine, neuter
• Number
– Singular, plural
• In Greek: Declensions
– 1st, 2nd, 3rd (Refers to a group)
Case
• Has to do with the function of the
noun as it relates to the verb or to
other parts of a sentence (Essentials
Of New Testament Greek by Ray Summers)
– Paul sent the churches a letter.
– The churched sent Paul a letter.
• English – subject + verb + IO + DO
• Greek – word order not as critical
to determine the subject of the
sentence.
– will be known by its ending
Examples
1. Men see apostles.
1. blepou;si a[nqrwpoi ajpo;stolouV.
2. The wisdom of men.
2. ejdw:ken a[nqrwpoiV doma;ta.
3. Apostles see men.
3. a[nqrwpous blepou;si ajpo;stoloi.
Nominative Case
•
•
•
•
Indicates subject of the sentence.
Naming case
E.g. John saw Jesus coming to him.
oV, oi
Genitive Case
• The case which describes.
• It specifies or qualifies.
• Often thought of as the case of
possession.
• Often translated with use of word
“of”.
• E.g. The disciples of John fasted.
Dative Case
• Case which points out the person
to, or for, whom something is
done.
• Most often associated with the
indirect object.
• Often translated with word “to”
or “for”.
• E.g. Jesus was speaking words of
truth to the crowd.
Accusative Case
• “Receives” the action of the verb
or that which is directly affected
by the action of the verb.
• Known as the direct object.
• Relative to the verb, it answers
the question “what?”
• E.g. Jesus was speaking words of
truth to the crowd.
Vocative Case
• Not widely used
• The case of direct address
• E.g. Lord have mercy on us.
Gender
• Method of classification.
• Types: Masculine, Feminine, Neuter
• English – Nouns classified on basis
of natural gender.
• Greek – generally follows natural
gender w/ living things.
• Things, qualities, ideas are not
necessarily neuter
• Recognizing gender is important.
Endings for Nouns of 2nd
Declension
Masculine &
Feminine
Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nom
oV
oi
on
a
Gen
ou
wn
ou
wvn
Dat
w/
oiV
w/
oiV
Acc
on
ouV
on
a
Voc
e
oi
on
a
Articles
•
•
•
•
a, an, the
noun marker or determiner
an adjective
“the” is definite – points to a
specific thing
• “a” or “an” is indefinite –
general information
• Greek has no indefinite article
Articles
anqrwpoV blepei apostolon.
A man sees an apostle.
oJ anqrwpos blepei ton apostolon.
The man sees the apostle.