Transcript PENDEKATAN KEPEMIMPINAN DAN PENGURUSAN: BINCANGKAN PERBEZAANYA

PENDEKATAN
KEPEMIMPINAN DAN
PENGURUSAN: BINCANGKAN
PERBEZAANYA
APP A – LEADERSHIP IS MOVING
WHERE YOUR ORGANIZATION IS
HEADING
FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT (SEQUENCE)
1. PLAN
2. ORGANIZE
3. STAFF
4. DIRECT
5. CONTROL
CONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS
1. ANALYSE PROBLEM
2. MAKING DECISIONS
3. COMMUNICATING
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MANAGEMENT RELATED TO THREE IDEAS
Ideas
Things
People
– Conceptual thinking – Planning
– Administration
– Leadership
Management
Administration
Leadership
– Achieve objective through other
– Managing the details of
executive affair
– Influencing people to
accomplish desired objective.
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• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Directing
• Controlling
– A predetermine a course of
action.
– Determine the way in which the
works is to be broken down into
manageable units.
– Selecting qualified people to do
the work.
– Bringing about purposeful
action toward desired
objectives.
– Measurement of results against
the plan.
– Rewarding people according
to their performance
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PLAN
1. Forecast
2. Set objectives
3. Dev. Strategies
4. Program
5. Budget
6. Set procedures
7. Dev. Policies
– Where are we going?
– Determine desire end
results.
– How, when, who to
achieve the goals.
– Establish priority,
sequence, timing step.
– Allocate resources.
– Standardize method.
– Makes standing decisions
on important matters.
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ORGANIZE
1. Establish organization structure (draw
organization chart)
2. Delineate relationship (coordination)
3. Create position descriptions
(responsibility and authority)
4. Establish position qualification
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STAFF
1. Select
2. Orient
3. Train
4. Develop
– Qualified and competent
only.
– Familiarize new people
with new situation.
– Make proficient by
instruction and practice
– Help improve knowledge,
attitude and skills.
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DIRECT
1. Delegate
2. Motivate
3. Coordinate
4. Manage differences
5. Manage change
CONTROL
1. Establish reporting system
2. Develop performance standard
3. Measure results
4. Take corrective action
5. Reward
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COMPARISION BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND
LEADERSHIP.
CATEGORY MANAGEMENT
LEADERSHIP.
Thinking
- Initiates
Originates
Process
- Focuses on
Focuses on
things
people
- Looks inward
Looks outward
- Accepts reality
Investigates reality
Direction
- Operational
Vision
setting plan
- Improve the
Create the future
present
- Immediate
New markets
financial
- Sees trees
Sees forest
Employee
- Tight control
Empower
Relation
- Subordinates
Associates
- Instructs
Learns
- Directs and
Trust and develop
coordinates
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Mode of
Decisions
- Efficiency
operating
(do things right)
- Asks “how” and
“when”
- Deals with
complexity
- Manage change
- Polices, rules
and methods
procedures
- Relies on
process and
system
- achieve what’s
expected
- serves top
manager
Effectiveness
Asks “what” and
“why”
Embraces
complexity
Creates change
Values and
principles
Relies on ideas and
people
Strives to excel
Serves clients and
customer
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Leadership Aptitudes and Profiles differ
(read app B)
•
•
•
•
Leader as manager
Leader as supervisor
Leader as entrepreneur
Leader as technician
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Leadership aptitudes and profiles differ
• Four
types
Characteristics
of
Leadership
and
the
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Manager
(Administrator, Director)
Leadership style
Leads by defining goals and organising systems and resources for
achieving them.
Looks for
Ways to get the best “input mix” of manpower, methods,
machines, materials, and money so as to produce the desired
output as cost-effectively as possible.
Places high value on
Conformity, order, control, paper-work, system, accountability.
Driven by a desire for
Fail-safe systems and procedures, stability.
Creates conditions for
Lower risk, predictability.
Time frame
Present: Strong influenced by.
Past: “We’ve always done it this way” or “We’ve never done
anything like that before”
Negative consequences
Bureaucracy, paralysis by
regulations and paper work.
Slogan
“Getting things done smarter rather than harder”
(Doing things right)
Orientation
Inward/Outward.. A balance of the right “input mix” to achieve
the desired “outputs” (the management cycle)
Proactive /
Reactive
Proactive and reactive
analysis,
unnecessary
rules
and
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Supervisor
(Overseer, Coach)
Leadership style
Leads by caching, motivating and rewarding others to perform.
Looks for
Ways to maintain motivation and to eliminate problems that keep
employees from getting the work out.
Places high value on
Loyalty, teamwork, self-discipline, commitment, co-operation.
Driven by a desire for
Motivated employees and teamwork.
Creates conditions for
Motivated employees and teamwork.
Time frame
Present: “Here’s how we’re going to do it” or “How can we best
meet our goals”
Negative consequences
Under pressure may revert to doing the work instead of getting
work done through others.
Slogan
“Getting things done through others.” (Doing everything through
teamwork)
Orientation
Outward, oriented toward producing products and services at
predetermined levels of quantity and quality.
Proactive /
Reactive
Reactive
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Entrepreneur
(Visionary, Leader)
Leadership style
Leads by providing a vision of how things might be in the future.
Looks for
Opportunity that haven’t been seen or realised to their fullest..
Ways to make life easier or the world a better place.
Places high value on
Self-realisation, inspiration, striving, change.
Driven by a desire for
Ideas, change, innovation, excitement.
Creates conditions for
High-risk, flux, uncertainty.
Time frame
Present: “What if we were to..” or “I’ve got an idea as how we
might..”
Future: Influenced by the imperfect.
Negative consequences
Threat to stability of organisation and job security of employees.
Slogan
“Getting things done right is not as important as getting the right
things done.”
(Doing the right things)
Orientation
Outward, oriented toward customers and their future needs and
present frustrations with things as they are.
Proactive /
Reactive
Proactive.
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Technician
(Specialist, Professional)
Leadership style
Leads by example and personal experience in chosen field of
expertise.
Looks for
More time and fewer interruptions and crises so as to devote full
energies to the work at hand.
Places high value on
Personal ability and individual excellence.
Driven by a desire for
Freedom to apply one’s talent without hassle from others.
Creates conditions for
Job satisfaction for self.. Control of one’s destiny.
Time frame
Present: “There’s work to be done.. Let’s stop talking and get it
done.” “How can we ever get all this work done”
Negative consequences
Does it all personally – becomes bottleneck – organisation
becomes too dependent – the “indespensible person”
Slogan
“Getting everything done.. If you want
yourself.”
(Doing everything personally)
Orientation
Inward, using best inputs of which one is capable.. Primarily
personal energy and expertise.
Proactive /
Reactive
Active
a job done right, do it
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