Transcript PHILOSOPHY OF MIND 心灵哲学) ( 主讲人： 徐英瑾

PHILOSOPHY OF MIND
(心灵哲学)
主讲人： 徐英瑾
复旦大学哲学学院
For Beginners, Maybe the Following
Links Are Helpful:
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_min
d
This entry gives you a basic idea of what
philosophy of mind is.
Caveat: Wikipedia is a very useful online-tool,
but due to its lack of academic authority, it
cannot be referred in a paper. You just read it,
but please do not mention it in the paper.
http://www.philosophyofmind.info/
This website is still under construction.
For Advanced Students, These
Websites Are Recommended:
. http://consc.net/mindpapers/
The most comprehensive and systematic
collection of papers on philosophy of mind that
you can find on web. It consists of 28490 entries
now !!!!!
http://plato.stanford.edu/contents.html
The most reliable and trustable on-line dictionary
on philosophy (not only philosophy of mind!). That
means, you can refer to this resource in a formal
paper!
For Students Intending to Be
Involved into an Overseas PHD
Program on Philosophy, Please Open
the Following Link:
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http://www.philosophicalgourmet.com/overall.a
sp
This website offers a systematic evaluation of
nearly every philosophy department in the
English-speaking world.
Full of useful
information.
But information about universities in Europe is
not included!!!
For Students Who Both Speak
Chinese
and
Love
Analytical
Philosophy, These Websites are
Valuable:
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1. 哲学合作社
https://phil-commune.net/bbs/forum.php
（but you need patience to open it）
2. “豆瓣”的“酒肉臭”小组
http://www.douban.com/group/292426/
For Chinese Students Who Want to Know
Why To Read Old Classic Works Is Not
Recommended
for
Beginners
of
Philosophy, Please Read My Papers:
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1. 徐英瑾：《经典阅读,还是论证训练?——对中国的西
方哲学教育的反思》，《学术月刊》，2006年第六
期。
http://www.douban.com/group/topic/16123206/
2. 徐英瑾：《西方哲学进阶路线图》
http://www.kaixin001.com/repaste/46780002_5211
954217.html
For Anybody Who Want to Know How to do
Philosophical Translation Between English
and Chinese, This is a Tool:
The Cover of the Dictionary
The Link of the On-line
Bookstore for Buying it:
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http://product.dangdang.c
om/product.aspx?product_
id=20751028
For Any Chinese Reader Who Want to Know How to Translate
Complicated Analytical Texts, please read this one:
The Cover of the Book
The Link of Dangdang:
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http://product.dangdang.c
om/product.aspx?product_
id=20935209
For Chinese Readers Who Want to Have a
Basic Idea of the History of Analytical
Philosophy, Please Read:
The Cover of the Book
The Dangdang Link for Buying
it:
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http://product.dangdang.c
om/product.aspx?product_
id=9039274
Now Turn Back to the Main Topic
JOHN SEARLE, 1932-
A Brief Introduction to Him
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John Rogers Searle (born July 31,
1932 in Denver, Colorado) is an
American philosopher and currently the
Slusser Professor of Philosophy at the
University of California, Berkeley.
Widely noted for his contributions to the
philosophy of language, philosophy of
mind and social philosophy, he began
teaching at Berkeley in 1959, where,
among his many distinctions, he was the
first tenured professor to join the Free
Speech Movement. He received the Jean
Nicod Prize in 2000, and the National
Humanities Medal in 2004. Among his
notable concepts are the "Chinese
Room" argument against artificial
intelligence.
Our Textbook Has a Chinese
Translation!
The Cover of the Chinese
Version
A Brief Description of the Book
in Chinese
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塞尔写下了一部有力的、清
晰的、易懂的与令人着迷的
导论性著作。此书比任何别
的文献都更为令人信服地解
释了塞尔所持有的如下这个
离经叛道的颠覆性观点：无
论是唯物主义还是二元论，
都是谬误的。他以充满活力
的姿态探索了那些心灵哲学
领域中的重大议题——与此
同时，他还一直保持着对于
他所聚焦的心灵问题的最深
刻
的
洞
见
。
LECTURE ONE:
DESCARTES AND 12 PROBLEMS
IN PHILOSOPHY OF MIND
WE NEED TO BEGIN WITH DESCARTES!
A Typical Portrait of René
Descartes:
When he was alive, what were
happening in China?
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笛卡尔生于1596年，即明神宗
朱翊钧（万历皇帝）当政时期，
即万历二十四年。是年，中国
无大事发生。次年，丰臣秀吉
（ Toyotomi Hideyoshi ）第二次
入侵朝鲜，再次年，日本侵朝
战争彻底失败。笛卡尔死于
1650年，是年为清世祖顺治七
年，多尔衮（ Dorgon ， ）卒。
他比王阳明（ 1472-1529 ）晚
生124年，晚死121年。他比徐
光启（ 1562－1633）晚生30
年，晚死27年。
But Why Descartes Is Still
Important for Philosophy of
Mind Today?????
Because His Dualism (二元论) is
Still Alive Among Public!
Maybe you are implicit dualists (二
元论者), although you may not
explicitly concede this!
What Is Dualism?
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Radical Version (Substance Dualism) : Mind is a
type of substance ( 实 体 ) which can exist
independently of the substance of matter. For
instance, when Descartes’ body perishes, his soul
could still survive. Christian Believers would like
this idea.
Moderate Version(Property Dualism): Mind exits as
a property ( 属 性 ) rather than a substance.
Ontologically speaking, the world is composed of
matter as the unique type of substance, but that
substance has two properties: physical and mental.
Humanists would love this idea.
Why does Descartes Take the
Substance Dualist Position?
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Cogito, ergo sum (I think therefor I am, 我思
故我在). Here is the unpacked form of the
argument:
1. I cannot be wrong about my own consciousness;
2. the essence of my being is my own
consciousness;
3. Therefore, I cannot be wrong about my being, i.e.,
my existence.
But is this argument question-begging(乞题)? Please read
the table on page 16 of the textbook.
1. THE MIND-BODY PROBLEM
2. THE PROBLEM OF OTHER
MINDS
3 &4 EXTERNAL WORLD AND
PERCEPTION
5. FREE WILL
6. PERSONAL IDENTITY
7. ANIMAL MINDS
8. SLEEP
9. INTENTIONALITY
10. MENTAL CAUSATION AND
EPHIPHENOMENALISM(副现象主义)
EPHIPHENOMENALISM(副现象主义)
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Epiphenomenalism is the view that mental events
are caused by physical events in the brain, but
have no effects upon any physical events. Behavior
is caused by muscles that contract upon receiving
neural impulses （ 神 经 脉 冲 ） , and neural
impulses are generated by input from other
neurons or from sense organs. On the
epiphenomenalist view, mental events play no
causal role in this process.
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epiphenomenalism/
11. THE UNCONSCIOUS
PLEASE MIND SIGMUND FREUD!
Psychoanalysis
is
a
psychological theory conceived
in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries by Freud.
1.human behavior, experience, and
cognition are largely determined by
irrational drives;
2. those drives are largely
unconscious;
3. beside the inherited constitution
of personality, one's development is
determined by events in early
childhood.
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12. THE SOCIAL EXPLANATION
OF MENTAL ACTIVITIES
A NOTICE OF A SERIES OF LECTURES ON METAPHYSICS!
DON’T FORGET TO READ
CHAPTER TWO!!!
THE END OF LECTURE
ONE