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(2.2) The Periodic Table
(p118-121)
Periodic Table of the Elements (p450)
Table Characteristics
Metals (LEFT), non-metals (RIGHT) and
metalloids (STAIRCASE LINE)
Periods (or rows)
Groups / Families (or columns)
Common Chemical Groups
There are 18 chemical groups on the
periodic table, however four of these
groups are of particular interest
Alkali metals (group 1)
Alkaline earth metals (group 2)
Halogens (group 17)
Noble gases (group 18)
Alkali Metals
Group 1
Soft, silver-grey
metals that react
easily with water
and with oxygen
NOTE: H is not an
alkali metal.
alkali metals in water
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2
Silver-grey metals
that are harder than
group 1 metals.
Reactive atoms (less
reactive than group
1 metals) that
combine easily with
other atoms.
Halogens
Group 17
Coloured non-metals
that are VERY
reactive
Can be a solid, a
liquid or a gas
Noble Gases
Group 18
Non-metals that are
colourless, odourless
gases.
Unreactive (inert)
atoms that do not
combine easily with
other atoms.
Ion Charge
Reactive elements can become stable (full
valence shell) by gaining or losing electrons.
An atom that gains electrons becomes a
negatively charged ion called an anion.
Non-metals gain electrons.
An atom that loses electrons becomes a
positively charged ion called a cation.
Metals lose electrons.
Magnesium Ion
Mg
Mg2+
Magnesium atom loses 2 valence electrons
2+
Mg has a full valence shell and is stable
Nitride Ion
N
N3-
Nitrogen atom gains 3 valence electrons
The nitride ion has a full valence shell, so it
is stable
What will the charge be?
CLASS WORK
“Periodic Table Assignment”