Transcript December 9-13, 2002

December 9-13, 2002
NPOESS Payloads
NPOESS Instruments
METOP
0930
0530 0930 1330
NPP TBD
1030
IPO Developed
Visible/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)*
X
Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS)*
Conical MW Imager/Sounder (CMIS)*
X
X
X
X (AVHRR)
X
X
X
X (IASI/HIRS)
X
X
X
Ozone Mapper/Profiler Suite (OMPS)
X
X (GOME)
GPS Occultation Sensor (GPSOS)
X
X (GRAS)
Space Environmental Sensor Suite (SESS)
X
X (SEM)
X
X (AMSU/MHS)
X
X
X
X
Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS)
X
Leveraged
Advanced Technology MW Sounder (ATMS)*
X
ARGOS-Data Collection System (A-DCS)
X
Search and Rescue (SARSAT)
X
Earth Radiation Budget Sensor (ERBS)
X
X
Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS)
X
Radar altimeter (ALT)
X
Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT)
* Critical instrument - Failure constitutes need to replace satellite
X
X
X
NPOESS Satellite
CMIS
ATMS
CrIS
VIIRS
OMPS
ERBS
CMIS - μwave imager
VIIRS - vis/IR imager
CrIS
- IR sounder
ATMS - μwave sounder
OMPS - ozone
GPSOS - GPS occultation
ADCS - data collection
SESS - space environment
APS
- aerosol polarimeter
SARSAT - search & rescue
TSIS - solar irradiance
ERBS - Earth radiation budget
ALT
- altimeter
NPOESS 1330 Configuration
Single satellite design with common sensor locations
Instruments in
Development/Production Phase
Cross-track IR Sounder
(CrIS)
ITT Industries
Visible/IR Imaging Radiometer
Suite (VIIRS)
Raytheon SBRS
Ozone Mapping & Profiler Suite
(OMPS)
Ball Aerospace
Conical-scanning
Microwave
Imager/Sounder
(CMIS)
Boeing
Advanced Technology
Microwave Sounder (ATMS)
Northrop Grumman
Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite
NPOESS Instruments - VIIRS
Solar
Diffuser
VIIRS Instrument Design
NPOESS Instruments - VIIRS
VIIRS Key Characteristics and Performance
Spectral Bands:
–
Visible/ Near IR: 9 plus
Day/Night Band
–
–
Mid - Wave IR: 8
Long - Wave IR: 4
Imaging Optics: 19.1 cm Aperture, 114 cm Focal Length
Band - to - Band Registration (All Bands, Entire Scan)
> 80% per Axis
Orbital Average Power: 134 Watts (55% Margin)
Mass: 199 Kg
Multiple VIS and IR channels between 0.3 and 14 microns
Specifications: Imagery Spatial Resolution: ~400m @ NADIR / 800m @ EOS
VIIRS Sensor Bands
Band
Name
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
M10
M11
M12
M13
M14
M15
M16
DNB
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
c(nm)
412
445
488
555
672
746
865
1240
1378
1610
2250
3700
4050
8550
10763
12013
700
640
865
1610
3740
11450
(nm)
**
20
18
20
20
20
15
39
20
15
60
50
180
155
300
1000
950
400
80
39
60
380
1900
Wavelength
Type
Radiance Type
VIS
VIS
VIS
VIS
VIS
NIR
NIR
SWIR
SWIR
SWIR
SWIR
MWIR
MWIR
LWIR
LWIR
LWIR
VIS
VIS
NIR
SWIR
MWIR
LWIR
Reflective
Reflective
Reflective
Reflective
Reflective
Reflective
Reflective
Reflective
Reflective
Reflective
Reflective
Emissive
Emissive
Emissive
Emissive
Emissive
Reflective
Reflective
Reflective
Reflective
Emissive
Emissive
Spatial
Resolution Type
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
Imaging
Imaging
Imaging
Imaging
Imaging
Imaging
VIIRS peak data rate: 10.5 Mbps
Focal Plane
Assembly
VISNIR
VISNIR
VISNIR
VISNIR
VISNIR
VISNIR
VISNIR
SMWIR
SMWIR
SMWIR
SMWIR
SMWIR
SMWIR
LWIR
LWIR
LWIR
DNB
VISNIR
VISNIR
SMWIR
SMWIR
LWIR
VIIRS SENSOR
Band data from a single scan of Earth View scene
Calibration data from a single scan of all Calibration
View scenes
Stream type (HRD or LRD)
Spacecraft ID
VIIRS Sensor ID
The VIIRS Sensor will
generate Raw Data Records
(RDRs) having the following
data elements:
VIIRS Sensor mode
Scan count
Scan start and stop times
Spacecraft ephemeris
Encoder timing stability
FPA offsets
Calibration source temperatures, FPA temperatures,
and Optics temperatures
Band identification, view identification, and
compression type within the data stream
VIIRS SENSOR & ALGORITHM
While in Operational Mode,
the VIIRS sensor will
append the following data
elements to an RDR at
least every two seconds:
The VIIRS Algorithm
Subsystem inputs
shall be:
Flight software checksum
Spacecraft related data necessary for
geolocation (from Spacecraft)
Data acquisition orbit number (From
Spacecraft)
Ascending Node Julian date and time
tag (From Spacecraft)
VIIRS Mission Data Stream
VIIRS Low Rate Data Stream
VIIRS Telemetry Data Stream
Non-VIIRS NPOESS Ancillary Data
Non-NPOESS Auxiliary Data
VIIRS Ancillary Data
Floods in Uruguay
VIIRS Algorithm Subsystem
Provides software that, when combined with VIIRS sensor data,
allows the VIIRS system to produce the following EDRs:
. Imagery EDR
. Aerosol Optical Thickness EDR
. Aerosol Particle Size Parameter EDR
. Suspended Matter EDR
. Sea Surface Temperature EDR
. Land Surface Temperature EDR
. Ice Surface Temperature EDR
. Active Fires EDR
. Surface Albedo EDR
. Soil Moisture EDR
. Vegetation Index EDR
. Surface Type EDR
. Cloud Base Height EDR
. Cloud Cover/Layers EDR
. Cloud Effective Particle Size EDR
. Cloud Optical Thickness EDR
. Cloud Top Temperature EDR
. Cloud Top Pressure EDR
. Cloud Top Height EDR
. Net Heat Flux EDR
. Ocean Color/Chlorophyll EDR
. Fresh Water Ice EDR
. Snow Cover/Depth EDR
. Sea Ice Age/Edge Motion EDR
. Precipitable Water EDR
Cloud Types
Conical-scanning Microwave
Imager/Sounder (CMIS)
Ocean surface wind field
and cloud imagery
All Weather Imaging
Precipitation Measurement
NPOESS Instruments - CMIS
Current Design
– 257 kg. mass, momentum compensated
– 280 kbps data rate
– 340 W power consumption
– Deployable structure
– 6 GHz to 190 GHz measurement range
– 77 Channels
– >0.9 reliability after 7 yrs. on orbit + 8 yrs.
storage
» Substantial redundancy
----------------------------------------------------------------Two main reflectors:
• LF: 2.2 m
• HF: 0.7 m
• Spin around common axis @ 31.6 RPM
Two Feedhorn clusters: 1 cluster allocated to each
dish
• 16 Feeds
• LF cluster: 12 feedhorns arranged on 3 Earth
Incidence Angles
• HF cluster: 4 feedhorns along a single arc
with room for growth
Passive 2-point calibration:
• ZAX warm-load
• Cold space reflector
NPOESS Instruments - CMIS
Footprints
Scanning Alignment
CMIS Channel Set
CMIS CHANNEL SET
CHANNEL
6V, H
10V, H, R, L
18V, H, P, M, R, L
23V, H
36V, H, P, M
60VA
60VB
60VC
60VD
60VE
60VF
60VG
60VJ
60VK
60LL
60LM
60LU
60LV
60L FFT 1
60L FFT 2
60L FFT 3
60L FFT 4
60L FFT 5
60L FFT 6
60L FFT 7
60L FFT 8
60L FFT 9
60L FFT 10
60L FFT 11
60L FFT 12
60L FFT 13
60L FFT 14
60L FFT 15
60L FFT 16
60L FFT 17
60L FFT 18
60L FFT 19
60L FFT 20
60L FFT 21
60L FFT 22
60L FFT 23
60L FFT 24
60L FFT 25
60L FFT 26
CENTER
FREQUENCY, GHz
6.625
10.65
18.7
23.8
36.5
50.3
52.24
53.57
54.38
54.905
55.49
56.66
59.38
59.94
60.3712
60.408
60.4202
60.5088
60.425526
60.426901
60.428026
60.429026
60.429901
60.430526
60.431026
60.431526
60.431901
60.432151
60.432401
60.432651
60.432901
60.433151
60.433401
60.433651
60.433901
60.434151
60.434401
60.434651
60.434901
60.435151
60.435401
60.435651
60.435901
60.436151
23-Oct-01
23-Oct-01
BANDWIDTH,MHz
350
100
200
400
1000
134
1280
960
440
350
340
300
280
440
57.6
16
8.4
44.8
1.5
1.25
1
1
0.75
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
NOTES
V=VERTICAL
H=HORIZONTAL
P=PLUS 45 DEGREES
M=MINUS 45 DEGREES
R=RIGHT CIRCULAR
L=LEFT CIRCULAR
SECOND LETTER
FOR 60 AND 183 GHz
CHANNELS IS
AN IDENITIFIER
I.E. 6OVG IS A VERTICAL
CHANNEL WITH ID OF G
Cyclone Hudah
CMIS Environmental Data Records
(EDRs)
Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile (surf to 600mb)
Sea Surface Winds (Speed)
Soil Moisture
Atmospheric Vertical Moisture Profile (600 to 100mb)
Atmospheric Vertical Temperature Profile
Cloud Ice Water Path
Cloud Liquid Water
Ice Surface Temperature
Land Surface Temperature
Precipitation
Precipitable Water
Sea Ice Age and Sea Ice Edge Motion
Sea Surface Temperature
Sea Surface Winds (Direction)
Total Water Content
Cloud Base Height
Fresh Water Ice
Imagery
Pressure Profile
Snow Cover / Depth
Surface Wind Stress
Vegetation / Surface Type
Cross-track Infrared Sounder
(CrIS)
NPOESS Instruments - CrIS
Spectral Range
LWIR Band 650-1095 cm-1
MWIR Band 1210-1750 cm-1
SWIR Band 2155-2550 cm-1
CrIS Instrument
Characteristics
Spectral Resolution
LWIR Band <0.625cm-1
MWIR Band <1.25cm-1
SWIR Band <2.50cm-1
Registration
Band-to-Band Co-registration
FOV Jitter
<50 urad/axis
Mapping accuracy <1.5 km
<1.4%
Field-of-View (FOV)
# of FOV
3X3
FOV Diameter (round) 14 km
FOV shape match
<0.05%
Stability
Radiometric <.4%LW, <.5%MW, <.65SW
Spectral: ILS
<1% of FWHM
Spectral shift errors
<5 ppm
Mass
87 kg
Power
91 W
Data rate
1.5 mbps
Size
70X45X47
CrIS Instrument
CrIS Design
Telescop
e
PCE
Optical
Bench
Aft Optics
Interferomete
r
DCM, Det.
Optics,
Detectors
SSM
Instrument
Frame
ICT
(Hidden)
Cooler
Earthshiel
d
CrIS
The primary component of CrIS RDRs are interferograms
collected from 27 infrared detectors that cover 3 IR bands
and 9 Fields of View (FOV).
SDRs are processed RDRs, converted to spectra, spectrally
calibrated ,radiometrically calibrated and geolocated.
CrIS Data Recovery
• CrIS
• ATMS
• CrIMSS* Functions
1.2
5O
rbi
tD
ata
D
RD
Rs
±50°
Cross track
Scans
um
p(
10
-
20
–
–
–
–
mi
nu
tes
)
Collect Raw IR & MW Radiance Data
Store & Downlink 1.25 Orbits of Data
Calibrate Sensor Data & Geolocate Footprints
Convert calibrated sensor data to
atmospheric profiles
Decode
Spacecraft
Data
RDRs
to
Users
Raw Uncalibrated
Data
3x3 Array of FOVs for
Each Field of Regard
Sensor
Calibration
Algorithms
SDRs
to
Users
Calibrated
Geolocation &
Radiance Data
RDR = Raw Data Record (uncalibrated)
SDR = Sensor Data Record (calibrated)
EDR = Environmental Data Record
EDR
Algorithms
EDRs
to
Users
•
•
•
•
2,200 km
20 minutes
*Cross-track Infrared and Microwave Sensor Suite
CrIS
• ITT INDUSTRIES •
AER • BOMEM • BALL • BOEING
Temperature Profile
Moisture Profile
Pressure Profile
Surface Temperature
19
Use or disclosure of data contained on this sheet is
subject to NPOESS Program restrictions.
CrIS Schedule
•
•
•
•
•
EDU testing
9/6/02
CDR
1/13/03
Delta EDU testing
4/03
Flight Unit 1 Assembly
8/03
Flight Unit 1 Testing
4/04
Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder
(ATMS)
ATMS
Instrument Characteristics
R
equirem
ent
C
P
E
P
erform
ance
N
E
T(K
)
C
alibrationA
ccuracy(K
)
C
h. 1, 2
C
h. 3-15
C
h. 16-22
0.50to3.60
0.30to3.60
0.18to2.71
M
argin
>14%
2.0
1.5
2.0
1.0
0.75
1.0
0.61K
0.38K
0.39K
1.39
1.12
1.61
B
eamefficiency(%
)
Frequencystability(M
H
z)
P
ointingknow
ledge(degrees)
B
eam
w
idthvariability(%
)
R
eliability(P
s)
95
0.5to200
0.05
10
0.86,
0.76
70x60x40
66
85
50
----*
------------0.83
------------30
97to99
<0.13 to195.
0.044
<4
0.8904,
0.8866
70x60x40
64.9
84.5
24.3
>2
0.37
0.006
6
0.0304,
0.1266
—
1.1
0.5
25.7
P
aram
eter
D
im
ensions(cm
)
M
ass(kg) *
P
ow
er (W
)*
D
atarate(kbps)
* 30M
H
z for channels18-21
NPOESS Instruments - OMPS
OMPS Sensor Suite
OMPS Limb Profiler
OMPS Mission Products
OMPS Nadir Mapper
The OMPS program will create five ozone
products
• High performance Total Column
environmental data records (EDR)
• Heritage TOMS V7 Total Column EDRs
• High performance Ozone Profile EDRs
• Heritage SBUV V6 Nadir Profile data records
• IR Total Column data records from Crosstrack Infrared Sounder (CRIS) radiances
NPOESS Instruments - OMPS
Spectral Range
Nadir mapper
Nadir profiler
Limb profiler
300 - 380 nm
250 – 310 nm
290 – 1000 nm
Spectral Sampling Interval
Nadir mapper
2.4 pixels per FWHM
Nadir profiler
2.4 pixels per FWHM
Limb Profiler
2.0 pixels per FWHM
(Full Width Half Maximum)
Spectral Resolution (FWHM)
Nadir mapper
1.0 nm
Nadir profiler
1.0 nm
Limb profiler
1.5 – 40 nm
Field-of-View (FOV)
Nadir mapper
Nadir profiler
Limb profiler
110 x 0.3 deg
16.7 x 0.3 deg
8.5 x 2.7 deg (3 slits)
Revisit time
Nadir mapper
Limb profiler
24 hours
4 days (average)
Mass
Power
Data rate
Size
63 kg
60 W
180 kbps
35 x 54 x 56 cm
Total Column EDR
Horizontal Cell Size:
Measurement Range:
Accuracy:
Precision:
Long-term Stability:
Ozone Profile EDR
Vertical Coverage:
Vertical Cell Size:
Horiz. Cell Size:
Measurement Range:
Accuracy:
Precision:
Long-term Stability:
50 km at nadir
50-650 Dobson Units (DU)
15 DU or better
3 DU + 0.5% or better
1% over 7 years
Tropopause – 60 km
3 km
250 km
0.1 – 16 ppmv
10% (15 – 60 km)
20% (Trop – 15 km)
3% (15 – 50 km)
10% (Trop – 15km, 50-60km)
2% over 7 years
In addition to providing operational ozone data products, OMPS has the potential to provide other surface and atmospheric science
data, including anthropogenic trace gases.
OMPS Schedule
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
General/Unique Instrument Interface Document released March 2002
Limb / Nadir Sensor design will be finished by Jan. 2003
The third Risk Reduction Review (RRR3) in July was a success
Critical Design Review (CDR) for the Sensors is still possible for
Dec. 2002
Engineering Development Unit (EDU) assembly is in process
– Telescope alignment and electronic testing are main areas of
effort
– Sensors assemblies complete by Jan. 2003 and suite testing by
April 2003
Algorithm CDR is scheduled for May 2003
Most EDU parts will be received by Sept 2002
Release of Flight Parts Lists and ordering of flight parts has started
OMPS Flight Unit 1 delivered in Dec. 2004 for possible early flight of
opportunity
NPOESS Instruments - GPSOS
GPSOS System Characteristics
Spectral Range
GPS L1 and L2 Bands
Sampling Interval
10 ms (100 Hz)
Spectral Resolution
Dual Frequency
METOP GRAS Electronics
(GPSOS Predecessor)
Field-of-View (FOV)
0-800 km (altitude)
+/-50 deg (azimuth)
Revisit Time
500 Occultations per day, globally distributed
Mass
Power
Data rate
30 kg
50 W
200 kbps
Size
1 GPSOS Electronic Unit:
3 RF Conditioning Units:
1 Zenith Antenna:
2 Occultation Antennas:
0.34X0.25X0.26 m
0.16X0.23X0.13 m
0.33X0.24X0.08 m
0.89X0.56X0.09 m
Ionospheric Scint. EDR Statistics
S4 Measurement Range:
0.1-1.5
Sigma-phi Measurement Range: 0.1-20 radians
S4 Measurement UncertaintyS4: 0.1
Sigma-phi Measurement Uncertainty: 0.1 radians
METOP GRAS Antennas
(GPSOS Predecessor)
NPOESS Instruments - GPSOS
GPSOS Instrument Overview
GPSOS channels:
1227 and 1575
GPSOS will not use the LRD broadcast
GPSOS Schedule:
GPSOS System Overview
Software Test Readiness Review: Feb 03
EDU Test Readiness Review: Feb 03
Software Verification Review: April 03
CDR/EDU Delivery: June 03
For Secondary EDR Processing Only
NPOESS Instruments - GPSOS
GPSOS Electronic Unit (GEU)
RF Conditioning Unit (RFCU)
GPSOS Shaped Beam Antenna Patterns
Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS)
Description
• Make precise and accurate measurements of Total Solar Irradiance (TSI)
• Make the precise measurements of solar spectral irradiance
Specifications
- TIM - 4 identical, right circular, 15 apex
angle conical cavity detectors-cantilevered
from a single support
- SIM - Contains two independent, identical
(mirror-image) spectrometers, which are fully
interchangeable -- provides the redundancy,
self-calibration capability, and duty cycling
required to meet the scientific objectives.
Heritage and Risk Reduction
CUT-AWAY OF TOTAL IRRADIANCE MONITOR
INSTRUMENT
- NASA/TSIM (TIM/SIM)/SORCE
Total Solar Irradiance Monitor
Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment
- NASA/ACRIM Active Cavity Radiometer
Irradiance Monitor
Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM)
Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM)
m
Mass: 8kg
Power: 14W
Mass: 21Kg
Power: 44W
TSIS on a Pointing Platform
SIM
Instrument
TIM
Fine Sun
Microprocessor
Sensors Instrument
Unit (MU)
Composite Optical
Bench with heat pipes
Thermal Louvers
Leveraged Instruments
Altimeter
Description
- Collect sea surface elevation measurements to describe global ocean
dynamics and their relationship to the Earth's environment & climate change
- Integrate sea surface height information into ocean and climate models for
long-term climate monitoring and prediction.
Specifications
Horizontal Resolution
- Along-Track Cell Size - 7km
- Along-Track Posting - 0.7km
Measurement Height Accuracy - 4cm
Heritage and Risk Reduction
Navy GEOSAT & GEOSAT Follow-On
(GFO) Altimeters
NASA TOPEX Altimeter
NASA/CNES Jason Altimeter
Altimetry Objectives
• To measure sea surface
height to an accuracy of 4
cm. with a long term
stability of 1mm per year
• Map the topography of the
sea surface
• Establish global, long-term
trends for ocean currents,
which assist in weather
prediction and
understanding of the
hydrologic cycle
JASON - 1 ALTIMETRY
JASON -1 INSTRUMENTS
ALTIMETER
GPS
LRA
DORIS
RADIOMETER
LEVERAGED INSTRUMENTS
Earth Radiation Budget Sensor (ERBS)
Description
Measures Earth’s radiation budget and atmospheric
radiation from the top of the stratosphere to the surface
Specifications
Three detectors’ spectral ranges (CERES)
- Total
0.3-50.0 microns
- Shortwave
0.3-3.5 microns
- Longwave
8.0-12.0 microns
Heritage and Risk Reduction
- NASA/CERES Clouds and the Earth
- NASA/ERBE
CERES INSTRUMENT
Radiant Energy System
Earth Radiation Budget
Experiment
ERBS Objectives
• Measure the Earth’s radiation budget and
atmospheric radiation from the top of the
atmosphere to the surface
• Data are used to model oceanic and
atmospheric energetics and contribute to
extended range weather forecasts
CERES Instrument
(nominal cross-track position)
ACA
Base Plate
PCA
Pedestal Assy
ICA
SPS
DCA
DAA
SWICS / Blackbody Assy
ECA
Alignment Cube
Sensor Module Assy
ERBS Heritage
•
•
•
•
•
ERBE on Nimbus-7 (1978)
ERBE on ERB Free Flyer, NOAA 9, 10 (1984)
CERES on TRMM (1997)
CERES(2) on Terra (1999)
CERES (2) on Aqua (2002)