Transcript Bones, cartilage, and the special structures that connect them make up

Bones, cartilage, and the
special structures that
connect them make up
your skeletal system
Major Organs of the Skeletal System
Skull
Ribs
Radius
Patella
Tibia
Pelvic
girdle
Clavicle
Humerus
Ulna
Femur
Fibula
Vertebral
column
When you were born, your
skeleton had around 350
bones.
By the time you become an
adult, you will only have
around 206 bones.
This is because, as you grow,
some of the bones join
together to form one bone.
•Protection
•Storage
•Movement
•Blood Cell Formation
Protection
• Your heart and lungs are shielded
by your ribs
• Your spinal cord is protected
by your vertebrae
Your brain is protected
by your skull
Storage
• Bones store minerals that help
the nerves and muscles function
properly
• Your arm and leg bones also
store fat that can be used for
energy
Movement
•Skeletal muscles pull on the
bones to produce movement
•Without bones, you
would not be able to
sit, stand, walk, or run
Blood Cell
Formation
•Some of your bones
are filled with a
special material
that makes blood
cells
•A bone may seem lifeless, but it
is a living organ made of several
different tissues.
•Bone is composed of connective
tissue and minerals that are
deposited by living cells called
osteoblasts.
Different Kinds of Bone
Tissue
Compact Bone
Bone tissue that does not have any visible open spaces
Spongy Bone
Bone tissue that has many open spaces
Spongy bone provides most of the strength and
support for a bone. It acts like the trusses of a
bridge.
Bone Marrow
Red marrow, found in spongy bone, produces red
blood cells
Yellow marrow, found in the central cavity of long
bones, stores fat
• The place where two or more bones
connect is called a joint
• Some joints allow a lot of movement,
while other joints are fixed.
• Joints that have a wide range of
movement tend to be more susceptible
to injury that those that are less
flexible.
Three Types of Joints
• Sliding Joint
– Sliding joints allow bones in the hand to glide
over one another, giving some flexibility to the
area.
• Ball-and-Socket Joint
– Like a joystick on a computer game, the
shoulder enables your arm to move freely in all
directions.
• Hinge Joint
– Like a hinge on a door, the knee enables you to
flex and extend your lower leg.
Sliding
Joint
Ball-and-Socket Joint
Hinge Joint
• Joints are kept together with strong elastic
bands of connective tissue called ligaments.
• A strained ligament will usually heal with
time, but a torn ligament will not.
• A torn ligament must be repaired surgically
• Cartilage helps cushion the area where two
bones meet
• If cartilage wears away, the joint becomes
arthritic.