Transcript Bones Notes - Mrs. Franco's Biology & Anatomy Page

Bones Notes
Skeletal System
 Bones (skeleton)
 The
skeleton has 206 bones
 Joints
 Cartilage
 ligaments
 Divided into two divisions
skeleton – bones of face &
skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs,
sacrum
 Appendicular skeleton – bones
of pectoral & pelvic girdle,
extremities (arms & legs), bones
of hands and feet
 Axial
FUNCTION
 Support of the body
 Protection of soft organs
 Movement due to attached skeletal
muscles
 Storage of minerals and fats
 Blood cell formation
(hematopoiesis)
Classification of Bone
 Long bones
 Typically
longer than wide
 Have a shaft with heads at both
ends
 Examples: Femur, humerus,
radius, ulna, metatarsal,
metacarpals
 Short bones
 Generally
cube-shape
 Examples: carpals, tarsals,
patella, calcaneus
 Flat bones
 Thin
and flattened
 Usually curved
 Examples: Skull bones
(frontal, parietal, temporal,
occipital), mandible, ribs,
sternum
 Irregular bones
 Irregular
shape or does not fit into
other categories
 Example: Vertebrae and hip
Bone Markings
 Surface features of bones
 Sites of attachments for muscles,
tendons, and ligaments
 Passages for nerves and blood
vessels
Categories of bone markings
 Projections and processes – grow
out from the bone surface
 Tuberosity – large round
projections
 Tubercle – small, round
projections or processes
 Head – bony expansion carried
on narrow neck
– very large, irregular
shaped process
 Ramus – armlike bar of bone
 Condyle – round articular
projection
 Spine – sharp, slender, pointed
projection
 Trochanter
 Crest
– narrow ridge of bone’
 Depressions or cavities –
indentations
 Meatus – canal-like passageway
 Sinus – cavity within a bone filled
with air lined with mucus
membrane
– shallow, basin-like
depression
 Fissure – narrow slit-like opening
 Foramen – round or oval
opening through bone
 Fossa
Bone Development