Transcript Musculoskeletal Anatomy and Physiology Hon Bio

Who Is Greatest Scientist Of
All Time?
Isaac Newton
• “The Father of
Modern Science and
Mathematics”
“Newtonian” Principles
• 1) Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to
remain in that state of motion unless an external
force is applied to it. (Galileo)
• 2) The relationship between an object's mass m, its
acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma.
(Aristotle)
• 3) For every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction (Kepler)
PHYSIOLOGY
“The logical assessment of the
physics of the body’s systems”
“Truth Is Ever To Be Found In The Simplicity and
Not In The Multiplicity and Confusion of Things”
Skeletomuscular Anatomy
Is A Skeleton Necessary?
Exo- v. Endoskeleton
• Pro:
– Strength
– Protection
– Simplicity
• Con:
– Growth
– Mobility
• Pro:
– Growth
– Mobility
• Con:
– Strength
– Protection
– Large # of Different
Tissues Required
Multiple Systemic Functions of
Endoskeleton
• Skeletal = Support
• Muscular= Movement
• Circulatory = RBC
• Immune = WBC
• Excretory = Storage
of waste cations
Skeletal Tissues
• Cartilage
– Chrondrocytes
– Intracellular Matrix
• Bone
– Periosteum
– Osteocytes
– Marrow
Ossification Of Cartilage
• Chrondrocytes deposit calcium salts into matrix
• Control of this process by the endocrine system
Why Doesn’t All Cartilage Ossify?
Structure of Bone
Periosteum
• Fibrous sheath
covering all parts of
bone except for
articular ends of joints
Osteocytes
• Bone cells
• Can build up OR
break down the
matrix around them
Osteon
• Osteon = Osteocytes
are arranged in
concentric circles
• Haversian canal =
large central blood
vessel
• Canaliculi = small
“canals”/cracks in
matrix allowing for
diffusion
Spongy v. Compact Bone
• Spongy Bone = lower density bone tissue
located in the ends of long bones
• Compact Bone = high density bone tissue in
middle of bones
Marrows
RED
Found in spongy bone
at ends of long bones.
Produces RBC
YELLOW
Found in middle of
long bones
Fatty tissue that may
produce WBC (and
RBC when needed)
Axial v. Appendicular Endoskeleton
• AXIAL
Protection of vital
organs
Support v. gravity
• APPENDICULAR
Articulated motion via
anchorage points of
muscles
How Does The Form Of Muscle
Tissue Exemplify Its Function?
Multiple Levels Of Muscle Organization
• 630+ Muscles (varies
on individual & sex)
• 40% of body mass
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Organ Level
Fiber (cellular level)
Myofibrils
Myofilaments
– Actin (thin)
– Myosin (thick)
How Does Muscle Contract?
Antagonistic Muscle Pairs
Origin v. Insertion