Transcript PLANT PROPAGATION James City County/Williamsburg Master Gardeners

PLANT
PROPAGATION
James City County/Williamsburg
Master Gardeners
MG Training Class
February 6, 2012
PLANT PROPAGATION
Why do we propagate plants?
1. To increase the number of plants
2. To perpetuate species or individual plant
What are the two ways we propagate plants?
1. By seed - Sexual
2. Vegetatively - Asexual
Pollen + Egg (Floral)
Uses part of plant
New combination of genes
Identical to original plant
No exchange of genetic
material
Cheaper, quicker
New varieties, hybrid vigor
Easier, faster
Perpetuate cultivars
ASEXUAL OR VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
CUTTINGS
Stem
Leaf
Root
LAYERING
Soil
Air
DIVISION & SEPARATION
Stolens & Runners
Offsets
Bulbs & Corms
Crown Divisions
GRAFTING & BUDDING
TISSUE CULTURE
STEM CUTTINGS
Tip
Single Eye
Medial
Double Eye
Cane
Heel
LEAF CUTTINGS
Whole Leaf
w/ Petiole
w/o Petiole
Split
Vein
ROOT CUTTINGS
Plants with Small Roots
Plants with Large Roots
Leaf
Section
LAYERING
Tip
Simple
Mound
Compound
AIR LAYERING
DIVISION AND SEPARATION
STOLENS & RUNNERS
0FFSETS
BULBS
CROWN DIVISION
CORMS
GRAFTING AND BUDDING
Joining of plant parts so they will grow as one plant
TISSUE CULTURE
Asceptically growing plant tissue such as cells, meristems,
shoot tips, embryos, root or stem and leaf sections
SEXUAL OR SEED PROPAGATION
Union of the pollen (male) with the egg (female)
to produce a seed
A seed is made up of three parts:
Embryo
young plant before emerging from seed
Endosperm
seed’s food reserve
Seed coat
protects the seed
A plant in a box with its lunch
A mature seed, put in a favorable environment,
will germinate, or begin active growth
SEED ANATOMY
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
7.
2 cotyledons
microphyle (hole)
hilium (scar)
seed coat
plumule
radicle
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
THAT AFFECT GERMINATION
MOISTURE
HEAT
OXYGEN
LIGHT
SEED STARTING REQUIREMENTS
Soil
Use clean seed starting mix w/o fertilizer
Do NOT use garden soil
Temperature
Germination temperature refers to soil
temperature as well as air temperature
Moisture
Seeds need constant moisture and
soil that is not overly wet
Light
Some seeds need light to germinate
All seeds need light upon germination
Air
Respiration rate increases during seed
germination and as seedling grows
GROWING SEEDS INDOORS
MATERIALS:
CONTAINERS: pots, flats or containers. Clean &
disinfect used pots. 1 part bleach to 10 parts water.
SOIL: Bagged soilless seed starting mix (Potting soil)
PLANT LABELS: Plastic
INDELIBLE MARKER: Waterproof
STIFF CLEAR PLASTIC OR PLASTIC BAGS: Greenhouselike atmosphere for germination
WATER: Use tepid water only to maintain soil
temperature for seeding and until seedlings develop
true leaves
LIGHT: Florescent or high density plant light
TIMER: 16 - 18 hours of light
Heating Mat with Thermostat
Seed Starting Materials
Seed Starting Materials
1.
seeder with rotating wheel
2.
labels
3.
dibbler
4.
fine-point black waterproof
marker
5.
mini-transplanter
6.
moisture meter
7.
plant snips
8.
seeder (tap or shake)
9.
seeder (suction)
10. timer
11. plant light meter
12. indoor/outdoor min/max
thermometer
13. magnifying glass with light
14. soil scoop
15. spray bottle
16
small plastic flats
17. small bulldog clips
STARTING YOUR SEEDS
Prepare A Seed Starting Worksheet
 Name of seed (species, cultivar)
 Source of seed (Seed Company)
 Catalog number
 Seeds per packet and/or number of seeds sown
 Weeks to last frost date or planting out date
 Days for germination
 Cover seed?
 Date seeded
 Date transplanted
 Notes:
Actual germination days, % Germination, Seed
requirements, Crop failure, etc.
TIME YOUR PLANTINGS RELATIVE TO LAST
FROST DATE OR PLANTING OUT DATE USING
INFORMATION ON CHARTS AND SEED PACKS
SEED STARTING WORKSHEET
SEED NAME
SPECIES, CULTIVAR
Coleus, Wizard Mixed
SOURCE
SEED CO
CAT
#
Park
Seed Co.
C4482
SEED
/PKT
50
WKS TO
SET OUT
10
DA TO
GERM
COVER
SEED
5-10
NO
DATE
SEEDED
2012
DATE
TRNSPLD
NOTES:
Seed Packet Information
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Common, botanical and cultivar name
Maturity date in days.
Number of seeds in the package.
Date packaged.
Days to germinate.
Minimum germination percentage.
Cultural information including the following:
 Germination temperature.
 Planting depth.
 Light required for germination.
 Seed pretreatment:
Soaking
Scarification
Statification
STARTING YOUR SEEDS
 Planting Your Seeds
 Preparing planting medium
 Filling containers
 Sowing seeds following each seeds
requirements
 Covering seeds
 Watering seeds
 Providing humid environment
 Providing proper soil temperature
 Providing proper light
Preparing Planting Medium
Loosen potting soil
Dampen potting soil
Filling Containers With Soil
Use pre-dampened potting mix
Don't pack the potting mix into the container
Fill to about 1/4” from the lip of the container
Gently firm and level with a spoon or a small board.
Sowing Seeds in Containers
Recheck seed requirements: pretreatment, light, sowing
depth
Sprinkle small seeds lightly on top of the potting mix.
Larger seeds can be counted out and planted individually.
Plant a few extras but do not overseed.
Covering Your Seeds
Recheck seed covering requirements
Many seeds need light for germination
Some seeds need a light cover.
Some seeds need 2 to 3 times their diameter cover
Cover the seeds with the dampened potting mix and then
gently firm again.
Watering Newly Planted Seeds
Spray a little additional tepid water over the newly
planted seed
Moistens top layer of mix
Ensures good contact between the seed the mix
Spray bottle gives best control
Providing Humid Environment
Create a Greenhouse Effect
Contain both heat and moisture
Plastic bags w/tie or ziploc bags
Seed trays with clear plastic covers
SOIL TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS
Warm, draft free spot
Soil temperature between 70 and 80 degrees F
Heating mats & Thermostats
Tops of water heaters & refrigerators
LIGHT REQUIREMENTS
Seeds and seedlings require 16-18 hours/day of light
Two 48” 40watt fluorescent tubes placed 1” from soil of plants
provide the necessary 1000 footcandles.
Indirect window light yield ¼ as much.
Automatic timer
Plant lights should be 1” above the seeds or plants.
touching fluorescent lights will not be harmed.
Plants
MONITOR SEEDS DAILY
 HUMIDITY
moisture on bag or glass
 LIGHT CONDITIONS
16-18 hours,1” above soil or seedlings
 HEAT CONDITIONS
soil temperature - 70o, 75o, 80o
room temperature - ambient
 FOR GERMINATION
remove cover or bag as soon as you
see germination
EMERGING SEEDLINGS
Radical, hypocotyl, cotyledons
Remove seed container from greenhouse environment
Monitor:
LIGHT – 16-18 hours, 1” above seedlings
MOISTURE – use tepid water to bottom water if needed
TEMPERATURE -air 55o – soil >70o for good root
development
FERTILIZATION - none needed at this point
GROWING TO TRANSPLANT SIZE
True leaves, photosynthesis
Fertilizing
Thinning
Monitor:
 LIGHT – 16-18 hours, 1” above seedlings
 WATERING AND FERTILIZING – bottom water with tepid
dilute fertilizer solution
 TEMPERATURE – warm soil, cool air
 AIR CIRCULATION – disease, strength
TRANSPLANTING SEEDLINGS
True leaves
Seedlings are transplanted with soil up to their cotyledons
Bottom water to settle seedlings in
CARING FOR TRANSPLANTS
 LIGHT – 16-18 hours, fluorescent lights 2” or less above
seedlings
 WATERING AND FERTILIZING – only bottom water with a
dilute fertilizer solution
 TEMPERATURE – no need for heating mats and maintain
air temperatures of 55o for sturdy compact plants
 AIR CIRCULATION – use of a fan to control fungus
HARDENING OFF TRANSPLANTS
Acclimating seedlings from indoor to outdoor conditions
Takes 2-3 weeks
Sunlight
3 hours
all day
Lath strips
Partial shade
Temperature
Above 45 degrees
Cover
Bring indoors
Wind
PREGERMINATION
Germinating seeds before sowing
WHY START PLANTS FROM SEED ?
 Starting plants from seed is less expensive
 Unavailability of the plants you want locally:
Quantities
Varieties
 Grow plant that are higher quality for planting
 Having plants suitable for you planting schedule
 Satisfaction of growing your own plants from
seed
 Plant sales
GOOD SEED STARTING AND HERB GROWING WEBSITES
HOW TO SUCCEED AT SEED STARTING
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/landscap/h1139.pdf
STARTING PLANTS FROM SEEDS http://extension.missouri.edu/xplor/agguides/hort/g06570.htm
VIRGINIA TECH PROPAGATING FROM SEED http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/envirohort/426-001/426-001.pdf
STARTING SEEDS AT HOME http://ecgardening.cce.cornell.edu/PDFs/Starting%20Seeds%20at%20Home.pdf
WEEKEND GARDENER INDIIVIDUAL PLANT SEED TIPS http://www.chestnut-sw.com/seedhp.htm
SEED GERMINATION DATABASE
http://www.backyardgardener.com/tm.html
http://tomclothier.hort.net/
FIRST YEAR BLOOMING PERENNIALS http://www.dianeseeds.com/flowers/first-year-perennials.html
http://www.inthegardenonline.com/basics_firstyearperennialsB20.htm
http://www.robsplants.com/plants/fastperennials.php
GROWING HERBS AT HOME
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/hil-8110.html
REFERENCE:
THE NEW SEED-STARTERS HANDBOOK, NANCY BUBEL,1988, RODALE
ASEXUAL PLANT PROPAGATION WEBSITES:
VIRGINIA TECH http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/426/426-002/426-002.html
UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/propagation/
REFERENCES:
PLANT PROPAGATION A-Z, GEOFF BRYANT, FIREFLY, 2003
THE AHC PLANT PROPAGATION, ALAN TOOGOOD, DK, 1999
SEEDS AND SEED SUPPLIES
Park Seed Company, 1 Parkton Ave, | Greenwood, SC 29647 800-213-0076
http://www.parkseed.com
Harris Seeds, 355 Paul Rd. P.O. Box 24966, Rochester, NY 14624-0966 (800)514-4441
http://gardeners.harrisseeds.com
Home Harvest Seeds (Ferry Morse), 4870 Dawn Avenue, East Lansing, Michigan 48823
517.332.3688 http://homeharvestseeds.com/ferrymorsemain.htm
W. Atlee Burpee & Co., 300 Park Avenue, Warminster, PA 18974, (800) 888-1447
http://www.burpee.com
Johnny's Selected Seeds, 955 Benton Avenue, Winslow, Maine 04901 (877)564-6697
http://www.johnnyseeds.com
Stokes Seeds, P.O.Box 548, Buffalo, NY 1420-0548 Ph (800)396-9238
http://www.stokeseeds.com
SEEDS ONLY
Select Seed, 180 Stickney Hill Rd, Union, CT 06076 (800)684-0395
http://www.selectseeds.com/
Heirloom Seeds, 287 E. Finley Drive, West Finley, PA 15377
http://www.heirloomseeds.com/
Diane's Flower Seeds, 1380 N. Hwy 89, Ogden, UT 84404.
http://www.dianeseeds.com
Pinetree Garden Seeds, P.O.Box300, New Gloucester, ME 04260 (888) 527-3337
http://www.superseeds.com
Heirloom Acres Seeds, 2529 CR #338, New Bloomfield, MO 65063 Ph (573)491-3001
http://www.heirloomacresseeds.com
Territorial Seed Company, PO Box 158, Cottage Grove, OR • 97424-0061 800-626-0866
http://www.territorialseed.com/
Thompson & Morgan Seedsmen, Inc., 220 Faraday Avenue, Jackson, NJ 08527-5073
(800) 274-7333 http://www.tmseeds.com
 Jerry Babski
 [email protected]
 Deb Secrist
 [email protected]