Transcript Chapter 22: Plant Diversity Biology- Kirby

Chapter 22:
Plant Diversity
Biology- Kirby
Chapter 22- Plant Diversity
• Plant- multicellular eukaryotes with
cell walls made of cellulose.
• Plants are autotrophs, and use the
process of photosynthesis to make
their food.
• Plant Life Cycle:
– Sporophyte- spore-producing plantdiploid phase.
– Gametophyte- gamete-producing planthaploid phase.
Chapter 22-Plant Diversity
• The first plants evolved from organisms
like algae.
• Groups of Plants:
– Bryophytes-mosses, liverworts,
&hornworts.
•Nonvascular- absorb water by
osmosis.
Chapter 22-Plant Diversity
– Seedless Vascular Plants- club mosses,
horsetails, & ferns.
•Vascular- special tissue that carries
water and nutrients.
•Tracheid- hollow cells in plant tissue.
•Xylem- carries water from the roots to
the plant parts.
•Phloem- carries nutrients & minerals
from the soil to the plant parts.
Chapter 22-Plant Diversity
– Plant structures:
– Roots- underground organs that absorb
water and minerals.
– Leaves- photosynthetic organs that have
vascular tissue.
•Veins- bundles of xylem and phloem.
– Stems- supporting structures that
connect roots and leaves, and carry water
and nutrients
Chapter 22-Plant Diversity
– Seed Plants:
– Gymnosperms: seeds are directly on
the surface of cones. Include
conifers like pines and spruces.
– Angiosperms: flowering plants that
have seeds within a protective
tissue. Include grasses, flowering
trees & shrubs, wildflowers, and
other flowers.
Chapter 22-Plant Diversity
• Cones- holds the seeds in gymnosperms.
• Flowers- hold the seeds in angiosperms.
• Pollen- male gametophyte with sperm.
• Pollination- transfer of pollen from male to
female reproductive parts.
• Seed- plant embryo in a protective covering.
• Seed coat- surrounds & protects the embryo
and keeps the seed moist.
Chapter 22-Plant Diversity
• Flower- has ovaries which surround &
protect seeds.
• Fruit- wall of tissue surrounding the
seed.
• Angiosperms:
– Monocots
– Dicots
Chapter 22-Plant Diversity
• Annuals- complete life cycle in 1
growing season.
• Biennials- complete life cycle in 2
years.
• Perennials- live for many years.