Transcript Introduction to Plants.ppt
Chapter 22:
Plant Diversity
Adapted from Prentice Hall
Goal 1: What are Plants?
A. Structure:
–multicellular –eukaryotes –cell walls made of
cellulose
–Use
sugar photosynthesis to make
B. Need to Survive
• Sunlight (for energy) – enters leaves • water
and minerals (nitrogen, etc.)
– enters roots • gas exchange (
need CO 2 & give off O 2 )
– through leaves
C. Groups
1. Seedless a. green algae b.bryophytes
c. Vascular plants (Ferns) 2. Seed a. Gymnosperm (cones) 3. Flowers a. Angiosperms (fruits)
D. Groups Based on: 1. these features: a. water-conducting tissues b. seeds c. flowers 2. also classified by: a. reproductive structures b. body plan
Evolution of the Plant Kingdom Mosses and their relatives Ferns and their relatives Flowering plants Cone-bearing plants Flowers; Seeds enclosed in fruit Seeds Water-conducting (vascular) tissue Green algae ancestor
Goal 2: Seedless Plants
Bryophytes Moss & Fern
A. Bryophytes 1. Also called nonvascular plants
•
do NOT have vascular tissues
•
Vascular tissues = transport water and nutrients through plant
• Examples: mosses
2. depend on water for reproduction 3. draw up water by osmosis
4.
cannot grow taller than inch above the ground an
B. Seedless Vascular Plants A. Have vascular tissue 1. Two types: a. XYLEM plant B. Example: Ferns -
carries water
b. PHLOEM – carries sugar from the roots to every part of a from leaves to every part of a plant
Xylem (H 2 O) Vascular Tissue CO 2 O 2 Light H 2 O Sugar Phloem (sugars) H 2 O Minerals
Goal 3: Seed Plants
I. Seeds
A. an embryo of a plant
– embryo = organism in its early stage of
development. (“baby” plant) B. Embryo is surrounded by a food supply and protective covering
– Protected by a
seed coat surrounds and protects the embryo
Internal Structures of a Seed
C. Two plant groups:
•Gymnosperms – seeds on the surfaces of
cones
– Examples: cycads, ginkgoes, conifers •Angiosperms – seeds within a layer of
tissue (fruit) that protects the seed
Conifers – Cone Bearers
Goal 4: Angiosperms— Flowering Plants
A. Flowers and Fruits 1. flower = reproductive organ for plant a. attract animals, insect, etc.
i. animals transport pollen from flower to flower
» Pollen – male sperm
Flowers and Fruits ii. contain ovaries
• Holds female egg • surrounds and protect the seeds
after pollen reaches egg
• ovary turns into a
seed.
»
transport seed fruit = a wall of tissue that surrounds a protects the seed and helps
Flower Anatomy
B. Groups of Angiosperms
– can belong to
more than one category 1. Monocots & Dicots a. Monocots = one seed leaf, parallel leaf veins, flower petals in 3 or 6, tissues scattered in stem, fibrous root b. Dicots = two seed leaves, branched veins, flower petals in 4 or 5, tissues in ring, taproots
Diversity of Angiosperms
2. Woody and Herbaceous Plants:
• herbaceous
stems = smooth, green
• woody plants
= brown bark
– Ex:
vines trees, shrubs, and .
3. Annuals, Biennials, and Perennials
•Represents how long the plant lives •determined by
genetic and environmental factors .
a. Annuals = live only one year
b. Biennials = live for two years
c. Perennials =
•live for more than two years