Transcript Document 7378313

Marine Mammals (part 2)
photos: Florida FWC, NOAA
Whales and Dolphins
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Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Mammalia
Order Cetacea
Suborder Mysticeti (baleen
whales)
 Suborder Odontoceti
(toothed whales, dolphins)
Cetaceans
 Entirely aquatic life
 All marine except 5 species of
freshwater dolphins
 Streamlined, fish-like body
(convergent evolution)
Cetaceans
 Dorsal fin
 2 flippers
 Tail – 2 flukes,
horizontal
 Blowhole –
nostril(s) on top
of head for
breathing air
Cetaceans
← 2 blowholes in
baleen whales
(blue whale)
NOAA
1 blowhole in
toothed whales →
(bottlenose dolphin)
Cetaceans
 Rear limbs in
embryos, fail to develop
 Blubber for insulation,
buoyancy
 Almost completely
hairless
 Most closely related to
hippos
Baleen Whales
 Baleen
 Flexible, fibrous plates
 Not teeth, but keratin
(like hair, nails)
NOAA
Baleen Whales
 Largest animals
on earth
 Eat:
 Plankton
(krill,
copepods)
 Small fish
(herring,
mackerel)
 Benthic
amphipods
Baleen Whales
Blue whale
 Largest animal ever
 25 ft, 3 tons at birth
 Up to 110 ft, 200 tons
 Heart = 0.5 tons
 Blood = 5000 gallons
 Tongue = 3 tons
 Eat 4+ tons of krill/day
1 ton = 2000 lbs
http://oregonstate.edu/groups/marinemammal/images/bluebeagle2a.jpg
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/files/2008/06/image_krill.jpg
http://channel.nationalgeographic.com/channel/content/kingdom-of-the-blue-whale-3302/blue-whale-facts/#/compare/length
Baleen Whales
Blue whale
(Balaenoptera musculus)
http://www.whale-info.com/images/blue_whale.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/BlueWhaleSkeleton.jpg
Baleen Whales
Other rorquals
NOAA
Fin (Balaenoptera physalus)
Sei (Balaenoptera borealis)
NOAA
Minke (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)
Baleen Whales
Humpback
(Megaptera
novaeangliae)
photos: NOAA
Baleen Whales
→
→
Northern Right
(Eubalaena glacialis)
NOAA
Bowhead (Balaena mysticetus) →
Baleen Whales
 Seek fish schools, plankton swarms
 Some concentrate and trap the
food in bubble nets (humpback)
NOAA
http://physics.bu.edu/neppsr/PICS-2006/Whales/WhaleW_bubbleNet.jpg
http://www.myfourthirds.com/files/0734/1Two_Humpbacks.jpg
Baleen Whales
 Gulp, side feeding
(rorquals: blue, fin, sei,
minke)
 Skimming (right, bowhead)
 Bottom feeding (gray)
http://www.whalecenter.org/sightings/images/rightwhale11_04.jpg
http://www.arkive.org/media/E9/E9E81C14-0462-44DF-ACF0-D9A98C782F99/Presentation.Large/photo.jpg
http://oregonstate.edu/groups/marinemammal/images/MPBlueSurfPleats.jpg
http://oregonstate.edu/groups/marinemammal/images/Grey%20underwater2.jpg
Baleen Whales
 Migrations – cold waters to feed,
warm waters to breed
Toothed Whales
 Predators
 Use teeth to
catch prey:
 Fish
 Squid
 Seals, other
whales (orcas)
 Tear or swallow
whole (don’t chew)
Baleen vs. Toothed Whales
NOAA
http://www.acsonline.org/merchandise/booksPosters/images/poster-comparisonChart-lg.jpg
Toothed Whales
 Largest – sperm whale (“Moby Dick”)
 Dive to over 7000 ft, stay over an hour
NOAA
Toothed Whales
 Hunt giant deep-sea squid, fish
http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2009/10/28/article-1223501-06FDA23C000005DC-677_634x444_popup.jpg
Beluga Whales
NOAA
http://www.sooke.org/tourism-photo-file/animals/belugabubble5.jpg
Narwhals
 Same family as belugas, also live in Arctic
 Have only 2 teeth – one becomes spiral tusk
http://www.narwhal.info/cgi-bin/displayit2.cgi/images/Photos
Killer Whales (Orcas)
NOAA
NOAA
NOAA
http://www.mersea.com/Resident%20Orca.jpg
Pilot Whales
NOAA
NOAA
http://www.mammalogy.org/mil_images/images/mid/930.jpg
http://users.wsg.net/bedrosian/images/PilotWhale.jpg
Dolphins and Porpoises
NOAA
 Both are small toothed whales
 Names sometimes used interchangeably
 Porpoise – Family Phocoenidae, bluntnosed, spade-shaped teeth
 Dolphin – Family Delphinidae, beaked
snout, pointed teeth
Dolphins
NOAA
Bottlenose
Spotted
NOAA
Dusky
http://www.teara.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/B60F305D-F498-4F26-A8AE-C6FD23C028D3/139512/p4672pc.jpg
Striped
http://gallery.photo.net/photo/1813171-md.jpg
Dolphins
Atlantic White-Sided
Indo-Pacific Humpbacked
NOAA
Peale’s
photos: http://csiwhalesalive.org/csigallery.html
Tucuxi
(Amazon and coastal Brazil)
Baleen vs. Toothed Whales
Baleen
Toothed
Suborder
Mysticeti
Odontoceti
Largest species
blue whale
sperm whale
Relative body size
larger
smaller
Blowhole openings
two
one
Feeding style
filter feeder
predator
Way catch food
baleen plates
teeth
Main food sources
plankton, small fish
fish, squid
Swimming and Diving
 Blue and killer whales – up to 30 mph
 Dolphins bow-riding – up to 40 mph
NOAA
NOAA
http://csiwhalesalive.org/csigallery.html
Swimming and Diving
 Water vapor in warm breath – spout
NOAA
NOAA
Swimming and Diving
 Rapid breaths (empty and
refill lungs in seconds)
 Efficient O2 exchange
(90% vs. 20% in humans)
Oxygen storage:
 High blood volume
 High conc. red blood cells
 High conc. hemoglobin
 Muscles rich in myoglobin
 Heart rate slows
 Blood flow to
non-essential areas reduced
 Lungs collapse, exhale to
prevent “bends”
Echolocation
 Excellent vision, but also have sixth
sense (sonar)
 High frequency clicks for close range
 Low frequency sounds for long range
NOAA
Vocalization
 Sound travels 5 times faster in water
than air
 Low frequency calls/songs travel miles
 Some sounds common to species,
others specific to individals and pods
 Used for breeding (males do the
singing), feeding, alarm, maintaining
contact
Intelligence
http://home.onemain.com/~dk1008206/html/dolph1-1.gif
http://cdn2-b.examiner.com/sites/default/files/styles/image_content_width/hash/5f/4e/5f4e9feb09f40ff00db404acaf559119.jpg?itok=YknEOX94
AP @ http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2013/08/09/article-0-1B36A1AA000005DC-139_634x929.jpg
Behavior
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Breaching
Spying
Assisting injured
Stranding
Reproduction
http://www.spawar.navy.mil/sandiego/technology/mammals/Images/research/breed_6.jpg
Hunting
Hunting
 Long Island whaling:
 Peaked in 1840’s
 Sag Harbor – largest port (60 ships)
 Also Greenport, Cold Spring Harbor
Google Maps
Hunting
Other Perils
NOAA
http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/39154000/jpg/_39154790_net_bbc_203.jpg
http://www.coastalstudies.org/images/mnccb2.jpg
http://cdn.abclocal.go.com/images/kgo/cms_exf_2007/news/local/7671766_600x338.jpg
Long Island Cetaceans
Humpback whale – 30 ft long, 13 tons
East Hampton, April 6-9, 2010
http://cdn.newsday.com/polopoly_fs/1.1849475.1270648954!/image/2958831293.jpg_gen/derivatives/display_600/2958831293.jpg
http://cdn.newsday.com/polopoly_fs/1.1854723.1270909443!/image/4150419117.JPG_gen/derivatives/display_600/4150419117.JPG
Long Island Cetaceans
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Fin – most common baleen whale to LI
Humpback
Northern Right
Minke
Sei
Sperm whale
Pilot whale
Harbor porpoise
Dolphins
http://www.cresli.org/cresli/images/finmap.jpg
http://www.sailnet.com/forums/members/barryl-albums-dolphns-picture90-dolphins-long-island-sound-aug-2009.jpg
Long Island Cetaceans
 Whale watch trips from Montauk with
Viking Fleet/CRESLI (cresli.org):
 Day trips every Sunday July 5 –
September 6
 Overnight trip to Great South
Channel Aug. 9-11
 See whales,
dolphins, sharks,
turtles, birds
Richard Slattery @ http://cdn.newsday.com/polopoly_fs/1.1394549.1251247248!/image/4098389032.jpg_gen/derivatives/display_600/4098389032.jpg
The End