Transcript Document 7376573
United States History Chapter 19 Higher Order Thinking Skills Homework
1.
Identify the long-term causes and the immediate circumstances that led to World War I.
What caused World War I?
Too much emphasis on imperialism, nationalism, and militarism.
What alliances divided Europe in 1914?
Triple Entente (The Allies): Great Britain, France, and Russia (later joined by the United States)
Triple Alliance (Central Powers): Germany, Austria Hungary, the Ottoman Empire Italy began the War with the Triple Alliance (Central Powers) and ended with the Triple Entente (Allies)
What diplomatic crisis sparked the war?
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Gavrilo Princeps (a member of the Black Hand, a Serbian Nationalist group)
2. Describe the first two years of the war.
What was Germany’s Schlieffen Plan?
A plan devised by the Germans prior to the outbreak of World War I.
It detailed how Germany would respond to any outbreak of war and use it as an opportunity to conquer Europe.
What characteristics describe trench warfare during World War I?
Long, prolonged Battles with heavy losses on both sides resulting in a stalemate (nobody winning or losing).
3.
Summarize U.S. public opinion about the war.
What motivated those who opposed U.S. entry into World War I?
Most Americans believed that since the war was 3000 miles away and did not seem to threaten American lives, property, or interests then the U.S. should remain neutral.
What motivated those who favored U.S. entry into World War I?
The Allies were our chief trading partners We shared a common ancestry, language, and similar governing institutions with Great Britain.
What factors increased American sympathy for the Allies?
The Germans had rampaged through neutral Belgium and stories of German atrocities horrified Americans causing sympathy toward the Allies.
Some British Propaganda proved to be false, but enough was true to turn many Americans against Germany.
4.
Explain why the United States entered the war.
Why did the German threat to sink all ships in British waters push the United States to declare war?
America has long cherished the ideal of “Freedom of the Seas” as a key part of our foreign policy.
The German threat to sink all shipping in British waters – Combatant and Neutral – was a direct threat to U.S. interests.
What did the Zimmerman Note reveal about Germany’s plans?
They intended to seek an alliance with Mexico in the event that the U.S. declared war on Germany.
5.
Describe how the United States mobilized for war.
How did the United States raise an army during World War I?
The Selective Service Act established the Draft.
How did the United States increase ship production?
Exempted shipyard workers from the draft.
Launched a public relations campaign to emphasize the importance of shipyard work.
Implemented pre-fabrication techniques, the ships would be assembled from pre-fabricated parts speeding up the building process.
The government took over commercial and private ships for use in the Transatlantic war.
6.
Summarize U.S. battlefield successes.
What was the significance of the Convoy System?
It dramatically cut Allied shipping losses at the hands of German U Boats on the Atlantic Ocean.
How did the arrival of new American troops affect the spirit of Allied troops?
They brought a renewed freshness and enthusiasm to the fight.
7.
Identify the new weapons and the medical problems faced in World War I.
Who led the American troops in Europe?
John J. “Black Jack” Pershing
What new weapons were used during World War I?
Tanks Airplanes Machine Guns Barbed Wire Chemical Weapons
How did medical services respond to the physical and emotional wounds suffered by soldiers?
Many soldiers were diagnosed with War Neurosis (shell shock), what we call Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.
Doctors made advances in fighting infections, post surgical rehabilitation, and skin-grafting technologies.
8.
Describe U.S. offensives and the end of the war.
In what important battles did U.S. soldiers fight?
Chatteau-Thierry
Belleau Woods 2 nd Battle of the Marne Meuse-Argonne Offensive
What made Alvin York a hero?
He single-handedly captured 132 German soldiers and killed 25.
What caused the collapse of Germany?
A mutiny within the Navy spread across Germany, Revolutionary Councils were set up, the Kaiser abdicated his throne and Socialists formed the German Republic.
How many people died during World War I?
Nearly 22 Million people died (roughly half were civilians), another 20 Million were wounded (many suffering amputations and permanently crippled).
9.
Explain how business and government cooperated during the war.
Why was the War Industries Board established?
Set production quotas and allocated raw materials
Fostered greater efficiency in production and cut waste.
Encouraged the implementation of mass production techniques.
How did the war affect the U.S. economy?
Wealthy Capitalists saw their profits from investments skyrocket.
Although the average citizens income rose dramatically, so did the price of food and other essentials.
How did U.S. civilians respond to the war?
“Gospel of the Clean Plate”
“Sweetless, Meatless, and Wheatless”
“Victory Gardens”
Americans sacrificed by ration food and other products vital to the war effort.
10. Show how the government promoted the war.
How did the government finance the war?
Increasing taxes, implementation of the Graduated Income Tax Sale of War Bonds.
How did the government build support for the war?
George Creel was named head of the Committee on Public Information He organized a massive nation-wide advertisement campaign to get the American people solidly behind the war effort.
11. Describe the attacks on civil liberties that occurred.
What groups were the main targets of anti immigrant hysteria during the war?
Immigrants who had come from Germany or Austria-Hungary, especially the German immigrants.
How did the Espionage and Sedition Acts affect civil liberties in the United States?
The U.S. government severely restricted citizen’s rights to freedom of speech
This was upheld as a military necessity by
Schenck v. United States
12. Summarize the social changes that affected African Americans and women.
What was the Great Migration?
The mass movement of African Americans to the Northern cities seeking employment in wartime factories and seeking to escape Jim Crow segregation.
What new opportunities did the war offer to women?
Many were able to work in jobs that had once been exclusively held by men.
Others worked to sell war bonds, volunteered with the Red Cross, and worked as nurses for the military.
What were the effects of the worldwide flu epidemic that erupted during the war?
It is speculated that the flu epidemic killed as many as 30 Million people.
13.
Summarize Wilson’s Fourteen Points.
What were Wilson’s Fourteen Points?
They included arms reductions, boundary changes in Europe, and the formation of a League of Nations to promote world peace.
Why did the Allies reject Wilson’s peace plan?
His goals for a post-war peace among equals.
Because Great Britain and France were bent on punishing and humiliating Germany to make sure that they would not be a threat in the future.
14.
Describe the Treaty of Versailles and international and domestic reaction to it.
What were the main provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?
Nine new nations were created
Germany was barred from maintaining an army Germany was required to turn over land to France
Germany was required to pay war reparations ($33 Billion) to the Allies Germany was forced to sign a “War-Guilt” Clause
What were some weaknesses of the Treaty?
Germany’s humiliation only gave rise to radicals fueled by hostility (Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party), which damaged the Treaty’s ability to maintain a lasting peace.
How did Americans react to the Treaty?
Some viewed the Treaty as too harsh, possibly destructive of the European economy.
Others thought it to be imperialist Others were dissatisfied with the boundary changes
Why did Americans disagree about the League of Nations?
Americans had shifted toward favoring a foreign policy based on Isolationism.
Many did not want to commit to an organization that could usurp American autonomy over its own foreign policy.
15. Explain some of the consequences of the war.
Why did Germany object to the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany objected to taking blame for a war that, although their militarism had played a role in starting, was started by the diplomatic problems of other European nations.
Germany also understood very clearly that there was no way they could pay back the $33 Billion in reparations.
How did the war affect Germany?
Germany sunk into a deep economic depression that created an unstable political atmosphere. The result was the ascent of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party to power.
How did the war affect U.S. power and prestige in the world?
World War I strengthened the power of both the U.S. Military and the U.S. Government.