Transcript Document 7352211

FACET Review:
End Station A Facility and Science
ESA provides 2nd experimental facility
• expands FACET’s science capabilities
• improves operational efficiency
• increases cost effectiveness of the investment
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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OUTLINE
End Station A Facility
• Experimental Hall and Counting House
• Operational Modes & Beam Parameters
Science
• Accelerator science and beam instrumentation w/ primary electron beam
• Activation, residual dose rates and materials damage studies w/ beam dump tests
• Detector R&D using secondary electrons and hadrons
• Particle Astrophysics Detectors and Techniques
Recent Experiments
ESA Program starting in 2011
→ FACET-ESA provides unique science capabilities!
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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2-Mile Linac
M. Woods, SLAC
End Station A
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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End Station A (ESA)
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ESA is large (60m x 35m x 20m)
50 (and 10) ton crane
Electrical power, cooling water
DAQ system for beam and magnet data
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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End Station A Facility
and Experimental Layout in 2006-08
*Dimensions given in ft
• Primary beam experiments inside concrete bunker
• Beam dump experiments inside concrete bunker
(or in Beam Dump East beamline)
• Secondary electrons for Detector Tests in open region
after the concrete bunker
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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ANITA Payload and Ice Target in ESA
T-486 (2006)
 Calibrated
entire ANITA balloon flight antenna array;
major contribution to the experiment!
 First observation of the Askaryan effect in ice
 Results published in Phys.Rev.Lett.99:171101,2007
 illustrates
M. Woods, SLAC
capability of ESA Test Beam Facility
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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ESA Science: Recent Experiments
ILC Program 2006 – 2007 (+ 2008?)
Detector R&D
Particle Astrophysics
Activation, Residual Dose Rates & Materials Damage Studies
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Linear Colliders → ESA Program
Machine-Detector Interface at the ILC
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(L,E,P) measurements: Luminosity, Energy, Polarization
Forward Region Detectors
Collimation and Backgrounds
Interaction Region (IR) Engineering: Magnets, Crossing Angle
EMI (electro-magnetic interference) in IR
MDI-related Experiments at SLAC’s End Station A
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Collimator Wakefield Studies
Energy spectrometer prototypes
IR background studies for IP BPMs
EMI studies
Beam Instrumentation Experiments in ESA
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RF BPM prototypes for ILC Linac
Bunch length diagnostics for ILC
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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ILC Beam Tests in End Station A
BPM energy spectrometer (T-474/491)
Synch Stripe energy spectrometer (T-475)
Collimator design, wakefields (T-480)
Bunch length diagnostics (T-487)
IP BPMs—background studies (T-488)
LCLS beam to ESA (T490)
Linac BPM prototypes
EMI (electro-magnetic interference)
+ SiD KPiX Test during T-492
http://www-project.slac.stanford.edu/ilc/testfac/ESA/esa.html
M. Woods, SLAC
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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ILC Beam Tests in End Station A
50 Participants from 16 institutions at SLAC in 2006/07 for this program
Birmingham U., Cambridge U., Daresbury, DESY, Dubna, Fermilab,
Lancaster U., LLNL, Manchester U., Notre Dame U., Oxford U.,
Royal Holloway U., SLAC, UC Berkeley, UC London, U. of Oregon
Wakefield Studies from MCC
T-474 and EMI Test Users in ESA Counting House
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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ESA Equipment Layout
Wakefield box
Wire Scanners
blue=FY06
red=new in FY07
rf BPMs
“IP BPMs” T-488
18 feet
T-487: long. bunch profile
Ceramic gap
for EMI studies
Dipoles + Wiggler
 able to run several experiments interleaved in a compatible setup
 typically rotate which experiment has priority every 2-3 shifts during
a 2-3 week run
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Prototype Energy Spectrometers
BPM Energy Spectrometer
• ILC needs precision energy measurements,
50-200 ppm, e.g. for Higgs boson and
top quark mass measurements
• BPM & synchrotron stripe spectrometers
evaluated in a common 4-magnet chicane.
U. Cambridge, DESY, Dubna,
Royal Holloway, SLAC, UC Berkeley,
UC London, U. of Notre Dame
Synch Stripe Spectrometer
U. of Oregon, SLAC
BPM 4,7
Vertical
Wiggler
BPM 3,5
D1
D2
D3
BPM 9-11
Wiggler synchrotron stripe
Detector is downstream
D4
Energy Scan measured with Chicane BPMs
For BPM spectrometer
• dE/E=100ppm → dx= 500nm,
at BPMs 4,7
Dipole B-field ~ 1kGauss
 these are same as for ILC design
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Prototype Linac RF BPMs
S-Band BPM Design
(36 mm ID, 126 mm OD)
Q~500 for single bunch
resolution at ILC
y4 (mm)
550nm BPM res.
y5 (mm)
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Resolution & Stability: Linking BPM Stations in ESA
BPMs 1-2
x
Run 2499-2500
BPMs 3,5
BPMs 4,7 BPMs 9-11
WakeField
Box
Chicane region
30 meters
 use BPMs 1,2 and 3,5 and 9-11 to fit straight line
• predict beam position at BPMs 4
• plot residual of BPM 4 wrt predicted position
y Run 2499-2500
Run 2499-2500
*0.5mm → 100 ppm
“error” bars shown are
rms resolution
→ investigating long-term (hours) stability at
sub-micron level; study dependence on beam
parameters and environment (temperature,
magnetic fields) and electronics stability
→ stability studies important for Linac BPM
and quad magnetic center stability requirements
(also of interest for system of 40 RF BPMs for LCLS
undulators)
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Energy Spectrometers:
Future Measurements & Tests Needed
BPM Spectrometer:
• establish BPM calibration procedure and frequency
• establish energy spectrometer calibration procedure and frequency
(requires reversing chicane polarity)
• can luminosity be delivered during calibrations?
• establish requirements for temperature stability, vibrations from water systems
Synchrotron Stripe Spectrometer:
• still need to demonstrate proof-of-principle with quartz fiber detectors;
will need 24 GeV beam rather than 12 GeV beam
• study concept using visible light detection; hope to test in 2008
Both systems:
• want to compare results from the 2 systems; do they agree?
• is 50 ppm accuracy achievable?
• tests evolve from concepts to prototypes to qualifying production components
→ need tests prior to completion of ILC beam delivery system
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Collimator Wakefields
Collimators remove beam halo, but excite wakefields.
Goal: determine optimal collimator material and geometry
→ Beam Tests address achieving design luminosity
→ effects determine collimation depth and radius of vertex detector
Collaborating Institutions: U. of Birmingham,
CCLRC-ASTeC + engineering, CERN, DESY,
Manchester U., Lancaster U., SLAC, TEMF TU
Concept of Experiment
2 doublets
BPM
BPM
Two triplets
BPM
~40m
BPM
15m
Vertical mover
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Collimator Wakefields
Concept of Experiment
2 doublets
BPM
BPM
Two triplets
BPM
~40m
Vertical mover
M. Woods, SLAC
BPM
15m
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Results from 2007 Data
Col. 6
a = 166
r = 1.4 mm
Col. 12
a = 166 mrad
r = 1.4 mm
• Collimator 6 was also measured in Run 1, with consistent result.
• Collimator 12 is identical to 6 for taper angle and gap, but it has a 2.1cm flat section
• A total of 15 different collimator geometries were tested in 2006 and 2007
(differing taper angles, gaps, length of flat sections, materials and surface
roughness)
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Collimator Wakefields:
Future Measurements & Tests Needed
Comparing with Analytic Calculations and 3-d modelling:
• consistency with existing data varies from 10% level to a factor of
2 disagreement depending on geometry
• goal is to accurately model wakefield effects to 10%
• in some cases better modeling is needed; but also need more accurate data
for some geometries as well as new data for different geometries and
materials
Broad interest in Wakefield tests:
• relevant for linear colliders, LHC, low emittance light sources
Future measurements:
• best done with low energy beams; desire for relatively low emittance
and short, well understood bunch lengths
• bunch lengths may be too long for FACET-ESA to be very useful;
→ can do these experiments at ASF
• later upgrade for an RF gun at the injector would enable these tests in ESA
(+ in general an RF gun would add significant capability to ESA program,
providing significantly smaller transverse and longitudinal emittances)
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Detector Development
KPiX readout chip is being developed at SLAC for SiD concept.
• 1000-channel ASIC design to read out entire Si wafer or pixel detector
• Si-W ECal, Si Outer Tracker, GEM HCal, (Muons?)
• 32x32=1024 channels; currently a 2x32 prototype
• Pulsed-power operation delivers 20μW/channel average with ILC timing
2007 beam test used 3 planes of Si (50 mm width) mstrip sensors
(spare from CDF Layer 00)
ESA beamline setup
KPiX
Local DAQ board w/ FPGA;
fiber bundle to detector, and
USB to local PC w/ ethernet
Future development & tests needed:
• bump bonding
• 1000 channels
• sensor resolution
• KPiX on new sensors
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Other Recent Experiments
Detector Tests:
• T-469 (ESA 2006-7): Focusing DIRC for particle ID, and very precise TOF
detectors aimed at 10ps timing resolution (motivated by Super-B)
Radiation Physics and Materials Damage Tests:
• T-489 (ESA 2007) – activation and residual dose rates of materials
compare with MARS and FLUKA simulation codes
• T-493 (ESA 2007) – LCLS undulator beam-induced demagnetization studies
Particle Astrophysics Detectors and Techniques:
• GLAST (ESA 2000) – LAT Tower (anti-coincidence detector,
silicon tracker and calorimeter) calibration and system integration
using secondary positrons, hadrons and tagged photons
• FLASH experiment (2002-2004 in FFTB) measured
fluorescence yields in electromagnetic showers to help calibrate
air shower detectors for ultra-high energy cosmic rays (used primary beam)
• Askaryan effect (FFTB 2002): demonstrated a radio Cherenkov signal
from Askaryan effect for detectors proposed to detect ultra-high energy
neutrinos; used primary electron beam
• ANITA (ESA 2006): calibrated the entire balloon flight array and made the
first observation of the Askaryan effect in ice; used primary electron beam
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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T-489 Activation Experiment (CERN, SLAC collaboration)
Setup
Analysis
 gamma spectroscopy for many isotopes
 residual dose rates versus time
 tritium activity
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Future Activation and Materials Damage Studies
• test different target materials
• test different geometry configurations
• instrumentation tests and calibration
• radiation hardness for electronics and materials
 broad interest for these studies in high radiation environments at
different accelerators
 needed for both accelerator and detector components
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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FACET-ESA Facility
Operational Modes & Beam Parameters
Operational Modes:
• ESA operation simultaneous with ASF using pulsed magnets
• ESA access and experimental setup while ASF in operation
• ASF access prevents beam to ESA, but can access ASF
for experimental setup during day and run ESA beam at night
Beam Parameters:
• Primary Beam for Accelerator Science, Beam Instrumentation and
Beam Dump experiments
• Secondary electrons and hadrons for Detector R&D
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Primary Beam Parameters to SLAC ESA
“PEP-II” operation
FACET Proposal
10 Hz
10-30 Hz
Energy
28.5 GeV
12 GeV*
Bunch Charge
2.0 x 1010
up to 3.5 x 1010 (single bunch),
up to 5 x 1011 (400ns bunch train)
Bunch Length
300-1000 mm
(1-5) mm
Energy Spread
0.2%
0.4%
300, 15
150, 15
0 (<10mm)
0 (<10mm)
Parameter
Repetition Rate
gex, gey (mm-mrad)
Dispersion (h and h’)
*24 GeV possible with later upgrade, moving extraction point to Sector 18
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Secondary Electrons
 Electron rates from single particle up to 105 per pulse
 2-10 GeV momentum range
 precise (0.1%) momentum analysis using A-line as a spectrometer
 rms spotsize in ESA ~3mm
Production: insert a valve in EBL for a low
intensity beam of ~109.
Insertable valve
Other possibilities: i) higher intensities of 12 GeV electrons: collimate a low intensity,
large energy spread beam with A-line momentum slits (cover
range from ~106 up to full intensity)
ii) set A-line to accept positrons. (may be possible to design PPS
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
to allow ESA occupancy during beam on operation?)26
A-Line Hadron Production Facility
Be Target: 0.43 r.l; 1.5-deg production angle
PC28: 6 msr geometric acceptance
C37: up to 11% momentum acceptance; adjustable
Q38: corrects dispersion at detector in ESA
Q29,Q30: control spotsize in ESA (ongoing studies indicate need for additional
2 quads in ESA; use Q29,Q30 for waist at C37). Expect to achieve
~1cm rms spotsize at detector location in ESA
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Secondary Hadron Yields
Measured and predicted (curves) particle fluxes
of secondary beams from SLAC Report 160.
(pulse length is 1.6 ms, so 1mA corresponds to
1010 electrons/pulse)
SLAC-R-160
FACET-ESA
Beam Energy
19.5 GeV
12 GeV
Production Target
0.87 r.l. Be
0.43 r.l. Be
Production Angle
1.5deg
1.5deg
Acceptance
30msr,
4% Dp/p
6msr,
11% Dp/p
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Secondary Hadron Yields
Measured and predicted (curves) particle fluxes
of secondary beams from SLAC Report 160.
(pulse length is 1.6 ms, so 1mA corresponds to
1010 electrons/pulse)
SLAC-R-160
FACET-ESA
Beam Energy
19.5 GeV
12 GeV
Production Target
0.87 r.l. Be
0.43 r.l. Be
Production Angle
1.5deg
1.5deg
Acceptance
30msr,
4% Dp/p
6msr,
11% Dp/p
→ expect rates up to ~10 pions/pulse
per 1010 electrons on target
→ rates for kaons and protons x10-50 less
M. Woods, SLAC
3.7
6
8
10
Naïve scaling for FACET
DOE FACET Review, Feb.
2008 should be reduced by ~x2.5)
(+19,
yields
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ESA Science Program
starting in 2011
1. Linear Colliders, Accelerator Science & Beam Instrumentation
 primary beam experiments
 need to evaluate both cold (ILC) and warm (ex. CLIC) linear colliders;
ex. demonstrate beam instrumentation capabilities to resolve beam
parameter time dependence along a 200-300ns train
Experiments
• BPMs + other typical accelerator instrumentation such as toroids
• MDI components and instrumentation:
energy spectrometers, polarimeters, forward region detectors, luminosity
detectors, beam halo detectors
• tests requiring large amount of space: mockups of IR components,
long baseline BPM or quad tests for vibration and stability studies
• tests that don’t require ultra-small or ultra-short beams
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Comparing Beam Parameters for FACET-ESA
and Linear Colliders
Parameter
ILC
(cold)
X-band
(warm)
CLIC
(warm)
FACET
Proposal
5Hz
120 Hz
100 Hz
10-30 Hz
Energy
250 GeV
250 GeV
250 GeV
12 GeV*
Bunch Charge
2.0 x 1010
0.75 x 1010
0.37 x 1010
(0.2 – 2.0) x 1010
rms Bunch Length
300 mm
110 mm
30 mm
1000 mm
rms Energy Spread
0.1%
0.2%
0.35%
0.4%
Bunches/Train
2670
192
312
1 (up to 1200**)
Bunch spacing
300ns
2.8ns
0.5ns
- (0.3ns**)
1ms
300ns
150ns
- (up to 400ns**)
Repetition Rate
Train length
*24 GeV possible with later upgrade, moving extraction point to Sector 18
** long pulse operation can give 400-ns train with 0.3ns bunch spacing and total
charge up to 5 x 1011 (other bunch spacings may also be possible)
 only place in the world to do this!
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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ESA Science Program
starting in 2011
2. Advanced Detector R&D with secondary electrons and hadrons
• Linear Colliders, LHC detectors, Super-B, …
• large scale mockups and integration tests possible
 precise momentum definition for electrons
 precise timing
 multiple particles coincident in time, and high-density electron rates possible
3. Activation, Residual Dose Rates and Materials Damage Studies
• additional data needed for accelerator and detector components
at linear colliders, LHC and light sources
• data needed to tune and validate simulation codes such as MARS and FLUKA
• data needed for environmental impact in high radiation environments
4. Tests for Particle Astrophysics Detectors and Techniques
• calibrating instruments and testing new detector concepts with test beams
will continue to be essential for experiments in high energy particle astrophysics
The FACET-ESA facility will attract and service a wide range of users!
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
32
Summary of ILC Detector R&D Test Beam Needs
(from “Roadmap for ILC Detector R&D Test Beams” document)
+ significant test beam needs for LHC upgrade, Super-B if it proceeds, …
 CERN and Fermilab have the most capability for energy range and particle species
 FACET-ESA at SLAC can provide an important additional U.S. facility
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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CERN PS/SPS Test Beams
C. Rembser, CERN
SPS: 4 Test Beamlines
PS: 4 Test Beamlines
2007: Beam time requests from 47 groups, O(1500) users
SPS test beams: 23.5 weeks requested
PS test beams: 28 weeks requested
• ~52% LHC & LHC upgrade
• ~43% LHC & LHC upgrade
• ~35%
external users
~12%
external users DOE FACET Review,
M. •Woods,
SLAC
Feb. 19, 2008
34
LHC Test Beam Experience
(from P.Schacht at IDTB2007 Workshop)
Typically 3 phases of testbeam activities:
• prototype tests
• quality control + validation of performance requirements
• full calibration of final calorimeter; wedge tests
 Phase 2 hardware (read-out electronics, cabling, calibration) and software
(reconstruction algorithms, calibration modes) should be close as possible to final
 Phase 3 hardware and software have to be final versions
 Transition regions – cracks between calorimeters, dead material, etc. – important:
• optimize correction procedures, validate MC geometry + hadronic shower models
ATLAS wedge test
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Fermilab M-Test Beamline
(from E. Ramberg at IDTB2007 Workshop)
~6 m
Energy (GeV)
Present Hadron Rate
MT6SC2 per 1E12
Protons
Estimated Rate
in New Design
(dp/p 2%)
1
---
~1500
2
---
~50K
4
~700
~200K
8
~5K
~1.5M
16
~20K
~4M
Plans for CALICE Setup
Tail Catcher
HCAL
ECAL
M. Woods, SLAC
Electronic Racks
Spill structure
• one (1-4)s spill every 2 minutes
• possibility for 1ms “pings”
at 5Hz during spill
• 3MHz bunch structure possible
Beam
DOE FACET
Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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ESA capabilities for Detector Beam Tests
ESA strength
ESA satisfies many of the desired capabilities for a test beam facility
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Summary
FACET provides unique capabilities w/ a high energy, high intensity electron beam
ESA provides a large flexible facility with excellent infrastructure to
accommodate a wide range of experiments:
• accelerator science and beam instrumentation tests that do not require
spotsizes below 100 microns or bunch lengths below 1mm
• advanced detector R&D with high quality secondary electron beams and a
general purpose pion beam; good applicability for a linear collider, for
LHC upgrades or for Super-B
• beam dump experiments for activation, dose rate and materials damage studies
• detector R&D for high energy astrophysics instruments
• variable flux of electrons available from single particles to moderate intensities
for high rate detectors (ex. very forward BeamCAL detectors at a linear
collider) to full primary beam power
 Inclusion of ESA in the FACET proposal broadens the science capabilities.
• interleaved experiments in 2 facilities improve efficiency and cost effectiveness
• choice to do experiments in ASF or ESA
FACET can build on a long, rich history of successful test beam and
small experiments in End Station A.
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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Additional Material
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
39
Transverse Beam Emittance to ESA
no radiation (chromatic)
input level (from DR)
At 12 GeV, expect gex = 150 mm-mrad
gey = 15 mm-mrad
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
40
Longitudinal Emittance to ESA
LiTrack simulation results for bunch length and energy spread:
rms Bunch Length (mm)
rms Energy Spread (%)
Ne = 0.75∙1010
E = 12 GeV
Large R56 (=0.465m) for A-line and relatively large energy spread at low energy
result in large bunch lengths in ESA.
M. Woods, SLAC
DOE FACET Review, Feb. 19, 2008
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