Transcript NPOESS Satellite Direct Readout Conference for the Americas John D. Cunningham

NPOESS
National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System
Satellite Direct Readout
Conference for the Americas
John D. Cunningham
System Program Director
Integrated Program Office
11 December 2002
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
A Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine
Environmental Satellite Activities
METOP
Mission
NPOESS
NPOESS
Provide a national, operational, polarorbiting remote-sensing capability
Achieve National Performance Review
(NPR) savings by converging DoD and
NOAA satellite programs
Incorporate new technologies from
NASA
0530
0930
Specialized
Satellites
Encourage International Cooperation
1330
Local Equatorial Crossing
Time
NPOESS
Saves $1.6B through System Life Cycle compared to NPR target of $1.3B
NPOESS is Good Government!
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS
NPOESS is required to provide an OPERATIONAL remote sensing
capability to acquire and receive in real-time at field terminals, and
to acquire, store and disseminate to processing centers, GLOBAL
and regional environmental imagery and specialized
METEOROLOGICAL, CLIMATIC, TERRESTRIAL, OCEANOGRAPHIC
and SOLAR-GEOPHYSICAL and other data in support of CIVILIAN
and NATIONAL SECURITY missions
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
National Importance
• Military Community
- Shift tactical and strategic focus from
“coping with weather” to anticipating and
exploiting atmospheric and space
environmental conditions
• Civilian Community
- Timely, accurate, and cost-effective public
warnings and forecasts of severe weather
events, reduce the potential loss of
human life and property and advance the
national economy
- Support of general aviation, agriculture,
and maritime communities aimed at
increasing U.S. productivity
- Commitment to support long-term data
continuity for environmental monitoring
and Global Change assessment
NPOESS Goal: Improve the Nation’s Space-Based, Remote
Sensing Capabilities for Environmental Monitoring
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Establishing NPOESS
• National Space Council Study - 1992
• National Performance Review (NPR) - September 1993
-Identified Need for Coordinated Effort
• OSTP Convergence Implementation Plan submitted to
Congress - May 1994
• Presidential Decision Directive/NSTC-2 - May 1994
-Directed Convergence of National Assets
• Tri-agency Memorandum of Agreement
(MOA) - May 1995
- Established Roles and Responsibilities of
Department of Defense, Department of
Commerce, and NASA
• EUMETSAT/NOAA Initial Joint Polar
Agreement - November 1998
- Brought in International Community
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Two Polar-orbiting Systems
DMSP (Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program)
• Currently
- F-14 Launched December 1994
- F-15 Launched December 1999
- F-16 Planned for May 2003
POES (Polar-orbiting Operational
Environmental Satellite)
• First Launched April 1, 1960
• Currently
- NOAA-15 Launched May 1998
- NOAA-16 Launched Sep 2000
- NOAA-17 Launched Jun 2002
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
DMSP/POES to NPOESS
Convergence & Evolution of Mission Areas
Military
DoD/AF
DoD/AF
DMSP
Block 6
-Imaging
- μwave Sounding
-Space Environment
-Under DMSP SPO
Civil
Tri-Agency
CONVERGENCE
DOC/NOAA
DOC/NOAA
POES
OPQR
-Imaging
-Sounding
Discontinued
-Climate
-Ozone
-Space Environment
-Under POES Prog Office
NPOESS
–Imaging
–Sounding
–Climate
–Ozone
–Space Environment
–Under Integrated
Program Office
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Satellite Transition Schedule
(DMSP 2yr launch centers, NPOESS GAP 6c NLF input)
Slopes indicate 10-90% need
CY
Local Equatorial Crossing Time
0530
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
DMSP
F17
F19
F20
NPOESS
C3
C6
WindSat/Coriolis
0730
- 1030
F15 DMSP
POES
F16
F18
C1
NPOESS
C4
NPOESS
METOP
17
EOS-Terra
NPP
1330
POES
16
N’
N
EOS-Aqua
C2
NPOESS
C5
Earliest Need to back-up launch
----------------10 Year Mission Life-------------------
Mission
Satisfaction
S/C
Earliest Availability
Deliveries
FY
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
As of: 20 Oct 02
Launch date based on backup need
Most probable launch date
S/C delivery interval driven by 15 month IAT schedule
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Requirements
• Integrated Operational
Requirements Document (IORD-I)
- 59 Data Products
- 9 Enhancement Products
- 1 System Characteristic KPP
• Validated by JARC 1996
• IORD-II
- 55 Data Products
- 21 Enhancement Products
- 2 System Characteristic KPPs
• Validated by JARC Dec 2001
Converged requirements provide foundation for combined program
First success after eight previous attempts
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
IORD Content Example
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
• Sea Surface Temperature
is defined as a highly
precise measurement of
the temperature of the
surface layer (upper 1
meter) of ocean water.
It has two major
applications: 1) sea
surface phenomenology,
and 2) use in infrared
cloud/no cloud decision
for processed cloud data.
The accompanying
requirements apply only
under clear conditions
(unless specified
otherwise).
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Environmental Data Records
By Sensor
Atm Vert Moist Profile
Atm Vert Temp Profile
Imagery
Sea Surface Temperature
Sea Surface Winds
Soil Moisture
Aerosol Optical Thickness
Aerosol Particle Size
Aerosol Refractive Index
Albedo (Surface)
Auroral Boundary
Auroral Energy Deposition
Aeroral Imagery
Cloud Base Height
Cloud Cover/Layers
Cloud Effective Part Size
Cloud Ice Water Path
Cloud Liquid Water
Cloud Optical Thickness
Cloud Particle Size/Distrib
Cloud Top Height
Cloud Top Pressure
Cloud Top Temperature
Down LW Radiance (Sfc)
Down SW Radiance (Sfc)
Electric Fields
Electron Density Profile
Energetic Ions
Geomagnetic Field
Ice Surface Temperature
In-situ Plasma Fluctuation
In-situ Plasma Temp
Ionospheric Scintillation
Med Energy Chgd Parts
Land Surface Temp
Net Heat Flux
Net Solar Radiation (TOA)
Neutral Density Profile
Ocean Color/Chlorophyll
Ocean Wave Character
Outgoing LW Rad (TOA)
O3 – Total Column Profile
Precipitable Water
Precipitation Type/Rate
Pressure (Surface/Profile)
Sea Ice Characterization
Sea SFC Height/TOPO
Snow Cover/Depth
Solar Irradiance
Supra-Therm-Aurora Prop
Surface Type
Surface Wind Stress
Suspended Matter
Total Water Content
Vegatative Index
VIIRS
CMIS
CrIS/ATMS
OMPS
SES
GPSOS
ERBS
TSIS
ALT
APS
LEGEND
- KPPs
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Environmental Data Records
By Discipline
Atmos Vert Moist Prof
Dn Lwave Rad (Sfc)
Ozone-Tot Col/Profile
Atmos Vert Temp Prof
Electric Field
Precipitable Water
Imagery
Electron Density Prof
Precip Type / Rate
Sea Surf Temp
Aero Refractive Index
Pressure (Surf/Profile)
Sea Surf Winds
Geomagnetic Field
Sea Ice Age Char
Soil Moisture
Ice Surface Temp
Sea Surface Hgt/Topo
Aero Opt Thickness
Energetic Ions
Snow Cover/Depth
Aerosol Particle Size
In-situ Plasma Fluct
Solar Irradiance
Albedo (Surface)
In-situ Plasma Temp
ST- Auroral Particles
Auroral Boundary
Downward Swave Rad
Surface Wind Stress
Auroral Imagery
Med Energy Particles
Suspended Matter
Cloud Base Height
Ionospheric Scint
Auroral Energy Depos
Cloud Cover/Layers
Land Surface Temp
Cloud Eff Particle Size
Surface Type
Cloud Ice Water Path
Net Heat Flux
Cloud Liquid Water
Net Solar Rad (TOA)
Cloud Opt Thickness
Neutral Density Profile
Out
Lwave Rad (TOA)
Atmospheric
Oceanic
Terrestrial
Space Environment
Climate
Cloud Top Height
Total Water Content
Cloud Top Pressure
Vegetation Index
Cloud Top Temp
Ocean Color / Chlor
Cloud Part Size / Dist
Ocean Wave Char
LEGEND
- KPPs
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Program Vision
The IPO and TRW/Raytheon team:
Working in a spirit of shared ownership
to develop and deploy
the single, national, polar-orbiting environmental
remote-sensing capability
to meet next-generation civil and military needs
Breaking the Mold!
Thinking “Out of the Box”
Working Together
Creating Success
The only thing they pay us for!
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Payloads
NPOESS Instruments
METOP
0930
0530 0930 1330
NPP
1030
IPO Developed
Visible/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)*
X
Cross-track IR Sounder (CrIS)*
Conical MW Imager/Sounder (CMIS)*
X
X
X
X (AVHRR)
X
X
X
X (IASI/HIRS)
X
X
X
X
Ozone Mapper/Profiler Suite (OMPS)
X
X (GOME)
GPS Occultation Sensor (GPSOS)
X
X (GRAS)
Space Environmental Sensor Suite (SESS)
X
X (SEM)
X
X (AMSU/MHS)
X
X
X
X
Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS)
X
Leveraged
Advanced Technology MW Sounder (ATMS)*
X
ARGOS-Data Collection System (A-DCS)
X
Search and Rescue (SARSAT)
X
Earth Radiation Budget Sensor (ERBS)
X
X
Total Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS)
X
Radar altimeter (ALT)
X
Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT)
* Critical instrument - Failure constitutes need to replace satellite
X
X
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Segment Architecture
GPS
Space Segment
1330
ADCS SARSAT
Field Terminal
Segment
Supplied
by NOAA
CLASS
ADS
TDRSS
SDS
Launch
Support
Segment
NPP
1730
2130
Residual Satellites
Svalbard
WSC
Primary T&C
NPP SMD
LEO&A
Backup T&C
Supplied
by NASA
15 Globally Distributed Receptor Sites
FNMOC
NAVO
AFWA
NESDIS
Interface Data Processing Segment
Data Handling
Node
MMC at Suitland
Front End Flight Operations Team
Processor
MMC at Schriever
Alternate Operations
Team
C3 Segment
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Policy and Planning
• NPOESS will deliver data to users world-wide
in accordance with US national data policy
- Data will be broadcast openly around the world at
no cost to receivers
- Capability for data encryption/data denial exists
for national defense needs
- Denial can be done on a world-wide or
geographic basis
• NPOESS calls the world-wide users “field
terminals” (to differentiate from the Weather
Centrals)
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Risk Reduction
WindSat
• Validate technological approach to remote
sensing
• Early delivery of NPOESS data to users
• Sensor demonstrations on non-operational
platforms
- Lower risk to operational users
- Lower risk of launch delays due to
operational schedule
• Share cost & risk among agencies
NASA ER2 / NAST
Proteus
NPP
DIDM
SOLSE
LORE
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed [NAST]
OBJECTIVES
Simulate Candidate Spaceborne Instruments
- (CrIS, ATMS, IASI)
• Evaluate Key EDR Algorithms
• Preview High Resolution Products (Spectral & Spatial)
• Under Flight Calibration/Validation
•
INSTRUMENTS [NAST-I & NAST-M]
•
•
•
•
NAST-I: IR Interferometer [FTS] Sounder
NAST-M: Microwave Sounder*
Co-Boresighted IR and Microwave
IR Interferometer [FTS] Sounder 3.5 – 16 µm
- High Spectral Resolution (1000 < du / u < 2000)
- High Sensitivity in a cold scene
• 0.10 K NEDT @ 14.9 µm (250K)
• 0.15 K NEDT @ 8.2 µm (250K)
• 0.20 K NEDT @ 4.7 µm (250K)
Microwave Sounder
[3 Bands, 16 Channels] 54, 118, 183 GHz
NASA ER-2
20 km ALTITUDE
NADIR 2.6 km IFOV
± 23 km GROUND COVERAGE
± 48 o Scan
*Hurricane Bonnie
Cross-Section
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
WindSat/Coriolis
Joint NAVY/IPO/DoD Risk Reduction Demo
Description: Validates concept of passive measurement of Ocean
Surface Wind Speed and Direction, using Polarimetric Radiometer and
other environmental parameters derived from microwave observations
Capability:
• Planned launch in December 2002 on Titan II
• Measure Ocean Surface Wind Direction (NonPrecipitating Conditions)
• 25 km spatial resolution
• Secondary Measurements
• Sea Surface Temperature, Soil Moisture,
Rain Rate, Ice, and Snow Characteristics,
Water Vapor
Joint Development/Partnership
1. STP [Space Test Program] Office - DOD/USAF
2. MELV [Medium Expendable Launch Vehicle]
3. USN [U.S. Navy] - CNO/N6, ONR, NRL
4. NPOESS IPO [Integrated Program Office]
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)
Joint IPO/NASA Risk Reduction Demo
• NPP Spacecraft contract awarded to Ball Aerospace – May 2002
• Instrument Risk Reduction
• Early delivery / instrument-level test / system-level integration and test
• VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite (IPO)
• CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder (IPO)
• ATMS - Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (NASA)
• OMPS – Ozone Mapping/Profiling Suite
- Provides lessons learned and allows time for any required modifications
before NPOESS first launch
• Ground System Risk Reduction
- Early delivery/test of a subset of NPOESS-like ground system elements
- Early User Evaluation of NPOESS data products
- Provides algorithms / instrument verification and opportunities for
instrument calibration / validation prior to first NPOESS launch
- Allows for algorithm modification prior to first NPOESS launch
• Continuity of data for NASA’s EOS Terra/Aqua missions
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Real-Time Operational Demonstrations
Aqua (FY02)
Coriolis (FY03)
CMIS
NPP (FY06)
CrIS/ATMS & VIIRS
METOP (FY06)
IASI/AMSU/MHS & AVHRR
AIRS/AMSU/HSB & MODIS
NPOESS (FY09)
CrIS/ATMS, VIIRS, CMIS, OMPS
Use of Advanced Sounder Data for Improved
Weather Forecasting/Numerical Weather Prediction
NOAA Real-Time Data Delivery Timeline
Ground Station Scenario
C3S
IDPS
NOAA
Real-time
User
Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation
NWS/NCEP
ECMWF
UKMO
FNMOC
NWP
Forecasts
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Calibration/Validation
To tie it all together and make it work….
Calibration
Validation
• Absolute
Accuracy
• Ocean Wind
Speed
• Polarization
Purity
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Geolocation
Accuracy
• Instrument
Stability
• Doppler
Correction
• Antenna
Pattern
Correction
Water Vapor
Cloud Water
Rain Rate
Sea Ice
Soil Moisture
Snow water
Land Temp
Lower Air
Profiles
• Upper Air
Profiles
Mission Success
Ensures • Meet Specification
• Operational
production of
synoptic maps and
profiles of critical
atmospheric,
oceanographic
and land
parameters
• Quality Control
Users
• NWP
• Real-time tactical
• Non-tactical
•JTWC
•NHC
•JIC
• Others
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
IDPS Products
Environmental Data Records
Cloud Top Heights
Cloud Layers
VIIRS – Visible/Infrared
Imager/Radiometer Suite
Total Precipitable Water
Surface Temperature
Environmental Properties
Displayed at VIIRS Pixel
Locations
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Environmental Observing
Natural Hazards
Detection and Mapping
Ozone Monitoring
Multi-spectral Hurricane
Mapping and Profiling
All Weather Imaging
Precipitation Measurement
Sea Surface Temperature
Ocean Circulation
Snow and Ice
Mapping and Monitoring
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Protect Safety of Life and Property
Improve Accuracy of Severe Weather Warnings
Improved Microwave
Imagery/Sounding
products will improve
prediction of wind
speed and direction
Increase in hurricane
landfall forecast skill will
save an estimated $1
million per mile of
coastline that does not
have to be evacuated
Improved early warnings
mitigate the devastating
effects of floods through
disaster planning and
response
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Other Benefits to the Civilian Community
NPOESS will improve ability to predict El Niño. A 60%
increase in El Niño forecast skill will save $183 million per
year over 12 year period
Ice
monitoring
for shipping
Snow cover mapping spring flood prediction
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
NPOESS Benefits the Nation & World
• Accurate forecasts are critical to the
protection of life, safety, and
property
• NPOESS data will improve forecasts
and warnings
• Improved forecasts will
- Reduce loss of life and property
- Benefit industry through increased
productivity
• NPOESS will maintain long-term data
continuity for climate monitoring and
assessment
• Weather permeates all aspects of
military operations
• NPOESS data will provide situational
awareness
• Situational Awareness is critical to
- Combat Planning
- Air Superiority
- Winning the War
NATIONAL POLAR-ORBITING OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITE SYSTEM
Integrated Program Office
Points of Contact
• Executive Staff - (301) 427-2070
-
System Program Director: Mr. John Cunningham
Principal Deputy System Program Director: Col Frank Hinnant
Deputy System Program Director: Mr. Carl Hoffman
Executive Director: CAPT Dean Smehil, NOAA
• Acquisition - (301) 427-2084
- Associate Director for Acquisition: Lt Col Pete Linnemann
• Technology - (301) 427-2121
- Associate Director for Technology Transition: Mr. Stan Schneider
- Chief Scientist : Dr. Stephen A. Mango
• Operations - (301) 427-2088
Associate Director for Operations: Mr. Bruce Needham
• NPOESS Websites
- http://www.npoess.noaa.gov
- http://npoesslib.ipo.noaa.gov/ (electronic bulletin board)