GROUP DYNAMICS GE347

MR. O’LEARY : [email protected]

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Week 3 - Leadership

Week 2 Review: Joining Groups and Teams

     Maslow & Schutz: People join teams for interpersonal needs Individual Goals – Personal agendas/interests Group Goals – Commitment to larger agendas Interpersonal Attraction – Ways we are “pulled” towards individuals Group Attraction – Ways we are “pulled” towards groups

Week 2 Review – Joining Groups and Teams

 Tuckman’s Life Cycle for Groups/Teams 1.

2.

Forming – Anxiety, Cautious behavior Storming – Competition, Conflict 3.

4.

5.

Norming – Conflict resolution Performing – Cooperation; productity Adjourning – Group disbands when goals achieved

Week 3 Objectives

 Define “Leadership”  Describe 3 approaches to the study of leadership  Describe 3 broad “styles” of leadership  Define “transformational leadership”  Identify your own leadership styles and traits

Week 3 - Leadership

 Q: What is Leadership?

 A: “Communication or behavior that guides, influences, directs, or controls a group or team”

Week 3 - Leadership

 Let’s conduct an informal assessment regarding your beliefs on leadership. Listen to statements and then: - Hold up Red Paper for “I disagree” - Hold up Yellow Paper for “I’m neutral, “I’m not sure”, or “It depends” - Hold up Green Paper for “I agree”

Studying Leadership

 3 historical approaches to studying leadership: - Trait Perspective (1950’s – 1960’s) - Functional Perspective (1970’s -1980’s) - Situational Perspective (1990’s – Today)

Trait Perspective

    Oldest theory of leadership; can be traced back to Plato Asserts that leaders have common attributes or traits; identify the traits - identify leaders Traits include: Social, extrovert, large in size, dominance, confident, loves red meat & desserts Assumes leaders are born, not made

Functional Perspective

 Leadership is a set of behaviors, not traits  Leaders show two types of behaviors: -Task Leadership: Accomplish goals/milestones -Process Leadership: Create and maintain a healthy climate and morale to work in

Situational Perspective

   No one style of leadership is “better” than another Context/Situation is everything Effective leaders adapt their method of leadership according to situation - Authoritarian (Leader has all power/control) - Democratic (Leader involves team in decision making) - Laissez Faire (Leader gives control to team members)

Hersey and Blanchard’s Model

Telling = High Task Focus; Low Relationship Focus Selling = High Task Focus; High Relationship Focus Participating = Low Task Focus; High Relationship Focus Delegating = Low Task Focus; Low Relationship Focus

Transformational Leadership

 New Theory of Leadership  What “broken” organizations or teams often require  Changes and realigns the entire culture of the workplace

Transformational Leadership

 Based on The Four I’s 1)Idealized Leadership 2)Inspirational Motivation 3)Intellectual Stimulation 4)Individual Consideration  Not so much a set of behaviors; more an overall philosophy or approach to managing organizations

Emergent Leadership

 Minnesota Studies - Dr. Ernest Bormann  In a leaderless group, leaders “emerge” even when not chosen as leader  They’re perceived by teammates as the most valuable to the group  They optimally blend task and relationship focus

Emergent Leadership

    Quietest group members are “voted out” first Talkative but bossy or rude members “voted out” next Talkative but considerate/polite members are left Andrognyous behaviors most suited for leadership (blend of classical “masculine” and “feminine” behaviors)

Leadership and Gender

   Traditionally women not perceived as effective leaders (due to lack of females in workforce; especially management) By 1970’s, more and more women are leaders; proven track record comparable to men By 2010, more women are CEO’s of Fortune 500 companies than men!

Leadership and Gender

 As generalizations in the broadest sense : - Women show greater aptitude in Process Leadership and maintaining positive work climates - Men show greater aptitude in Task Leadership and meeting deadlines - Any specific leader, male or female, would sit somewhere on a spectrum for both types of leadership

Leadership Training

    Involves instruction to develop skills Provides feedback on performance Includes simulation exercises Incorporates individual competencies, task requirements & features of work environment

Last Thoughts – Eastern Philosophy

“The wicked leader is he who the people despise The good leader is he who the people revere The great leader is he who the people say ‘We did it ourselves’.” - Lao Tzu