Transcript Document 7295497

Cataloging Principles and
RDA: Resource
Description and Access
by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett
Chief, Cataloging Policy & Support Office
Library of Congress
June 10, 2008
Principles vs.
Cataloguing Code
Objectives =
what can be expected of a
bibliographic system (functions of a catalogue)
Find a specific
Find all manifestations of a work
Etc.
Principles = Directives to design a code of
rules
Rules
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Cataloguing Principles
– IFLA’s
“Paris
Principles”
 1961
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IME ICC Regional Meetings
IME ICC1 – Europe/Anglo-American
http://www.d-nb.de/standardisierung/afs/imeicc_index.htm
IME ICC2 – Latin America-Caribbean
http://www.loc.gov/imeicc2
IME ICC3 – Middle East
http://www.loc.gov/loc/ifla/imeicc/
IME ICC4 – Asia
http://www.nl.go.kr/icc/icc/main.php
IME ICC5 – Sub-Saharan Africa
http://www.imeicc5.com
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
Goal
IME ICC
Goals & Objectives
•
Increase the ability to share cataloguing
worldwide by
• Promoting standards

Objectives
Develop “Statement of International
Cataloguing Principles”
• See if rules/practices can get closer together
• Make recommendations for an International
Cataloguing Code (fur rule-makers)
•
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Updating Paris Principles

December 2003+

IME ICC = IFLA
Meeting of Experts
on an International
Cataloguing Code
 IME
ICC draft
Statement of
Principles
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Paris Principles (1961)
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Scope
Function
Structure of the
Catalogue
Kinds of Entry
Use of Multiple
Entries
Choice of Uniform
Heading
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Single Personal
Author
Entry under
Corporate Bodies
Multiple Authorship
Works Entered
under Title, Uniform
Headings for Works,
etc.
Entry Word for
Personal Names
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International Cataloguing Principles
Outline
Introduction
0. General Objectives (i.e., Principles)
1. Scope
2. Entities, Attributes, Relationships
3. Functions of the Catalogue
4. Bibliographic Description
5. Access Points
6. Authority Records
7. Foundations for Search Capabilities
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Introduction to the ICP
Serve the convenience of the users
 Broaden Paris Principles

•
All types of materials (not just text)
• Description
• Access (not just choice and form of entry, but
all access for bibliographic and authority
records)
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Build on
•
Great cataloguing traditions of the world
• FRBR and FRAD and future FRSAR
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Guiding Principles for Cataloguing
Codes
Convenience of
user
 Common usage
 Representation
 Accuracy
 Sufficiency and
necessity
 Significance
 Economy

Standardization
 Integration
 Defensible, not
arbitrary

 If
contradict, take a
defensible,
practical solution
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1. Scope

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Guide development of
cataloguing codes
Bibliographic and
authority records
Library catalogues +
Consistent approach
to descriptive and
subject cataloguing
All kinds of resources
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1. Scope, continued

Highest principle for constructing
cataloguing codes =
convenience of the users
of the catalogue
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2.1. Entities in Bibliographic
Records
 FRBR
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•
•
•
entities
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
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2.2. Entities in Authority Records
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Controlled forms of names
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Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Person
Family
Corporate Body
Concept
Object
Event
Place
Конфуций
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2.3. Attributes and
2.4. Relationships
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Attributes
•
Identify the entity
• Data elements in bibliographic and authority
records
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Relationships
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Bibliographically significant
• Identified through the catalogue
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3. Functions of the Catalogue
 To
•
enable a user to
Find
•
•
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•
•
•
Locate a single resource
Locate sets of resources (collocation)
Identify
Select
Acquire or Obtain
Navigate
= FRBR user tasks + navigate
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Paris Principles
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Efficient instrument
Author, title
Works of author
Editions of a work
International Cat. Principles
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User tasks
Locate single resource
Locate sets of all resources
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of a person, family, or
corporate body
same work
same expression
same manifestation
on a subject
by other criteria
Identify
Select
Acquire/obtain
Navigate
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4. Bibliographic Description
4.1. Manifestation-based
 4.2 Separate bibliographic description for
each manifestation
 4.3. Description based on an
internationally agreed standard
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 ISBDs

for library community
4.4. Level of completeness depends on
purpose of the catalogue or bibliographic
file
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5. Access Points
Formulate following general principles
 Uncontrolled

 Title
proper found on manifestation
 Keywords

Controlled
 Provide
consistency
 “Authorized access points” built following a
standard
 Store in authority records (authorized and
variant forms)
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5.2. Choice of Access Points

5.2.1. Bibliographic record
 Titles
Controlled titles of works and expressions
 Titles of manifestations (usually uncontrolled)

 Names

(controlled) of creators of works
Corporate bodies as creators when
 work = collective thought or activity of the
corporate body, even if signed by a person, or
 title + nature of the work = collectively
responsible for the content of the work
 Other
persons, families, corporate bodies,
subjects important for finding, identifying,
selecting
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5.2. Choice of Access Points

5.2.2. Authority record
 Authorized
form of name for the entity
 Variant forms of name
 Names of related entities
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6. Authority Records

Construct to control authorized forms of
names and variant forms of names used
as access points (FRAD, FRSAR)
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Persons
Families
Corporate bodies
Works, expressions, manifestations, items
Concepts
Objects
Events
Places
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6. Authority Records
 6.1.

Choice of Names
Preferred form of name that identifies the
entity in a consistent manner, either as
 Predominantly

found on manifestations
Leo Tolstoy not Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoĭ
or
 Well-accepted name suited to the users of the
catalogue (e.g., “conventional name”)
Example: Hamlet
not The tragicall historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
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6. Authority Records

6.1.1. If entity uses variant names or
variant forms of name, choose one as the
authorized access point for each distinct
identity
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Bibliographic identities

Need to explain
variants to end-user
to avoid confusion
(explain pseudonyms,
abbreviations, etc.)
Lewis Carroll
Dodgson, Charles Lutwidge, 1832-1898
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6. Authority Records

6.1.1. If entity uses variant names or variant
forms of name…Prefer commonly known
name over official:
Virginia, not Commonwealth of Virginia
Rhode Island not State of Rhode Island and
Providence Plantations
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Or use official name when there is no
commonly known or conventional name
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6. Authority Records
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6.1.1.2.If corporate body used different
names (not just minor variations) in
successive periods, consider each
significant name change a new entity and
link authority records (earlier/later)
Accenture, formerly Andersen Consulting
OCLC, Ohio College Library Center, …
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6.1.2. Variant Titles for a Work

If variant titles for one work, one title
should be chosen as the basis for the
preferred title of the work/expression.
Forms of names: 6.3.4 governs which to prefer
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6.1.3. Other Variant Forms

Variant forms not selected as authorized
access point for an entity should be
included in the authority record to be used
as variant form access points or alternate
display forms
Example: BBC  British Broadcasting
Corporation
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6.2. Language – Authorized
Access Point

When name in several languages, prefer
form found on manifestations of the expression
in original language and script;
Example: Shakespeare, William
but
 If that is not language/script normally used in
the catalogue, may base form found on
manifestations or in reference sources in one
of the languages and scripts best suited to
users of the catalogue
Example: Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich
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6.2. Language – Authorized
Access Point

Provide access in original language and script
whenever possible
 Either
as authorized access point or variant form
access point
 If transliterate, follow international standard for script
conversion
 Example:Japan. Kokkai
410 10 $a Japan. $b Diet (1947- )
410 10 $a Japan. $b National Diet
410 10 $a Japan. $b Diète nationale
410 10 $a Japan. $b Parliament.
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Paris Principles

Uniform heading

International Cat. Principles

Most frequently used
name or title appearing
in editions of the works
or in references

Several languages


Original
If not normally used in
catalogue, use language
from editions or reference
in one of the languages
normally used

Authorized access point

Predominantly found on
manifestations or well-accepted
name suited to users of
catalogue
Several languages/scripts


Original
If not normally used in
catalogue, use language/script
from manifestations or
reference sources in one of the
languages best suited to users
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6.3. Forms of Names for
Authorized Access Points

Add further identifying characteristics if
necessary to distinguish the entity from
others of the same name
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Different Entities – Same Name
Winston Churchill
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6.3.1. Forms of Names for
Persons
6.3.2. for Families
 Entry
word when name consists of
several words
 follow
conventions of the country and
language most associated with that
person/family, as found in manifestations or
reference sources
 Example: Hillary Rodham Clinton
 Clinton, Hillary Rodham
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6.3.3. Forms of Names for
Corporate Bodies

Direct order, as found in manifestations or
reference sources, except
 Part
of jurisdiction or territorial authority:
 begin with or include the currently used form of
name of the territory concerned in the language
and script best suited to the needs of the users of
the catalogue
 Subordinate body or subordinate function or name is
insufficient to identify:
 begin with name of superior body
Example: Library of Congress. Cataloging Policy and
Support Office
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6.3.4. Forms of Names for
Works/Expressions
Title that can stand alone
 Name/title combination with name of
creator
 Title qualified by addition of identifying
elements

 Corporate
name, place, language, date, etc.,
to distinguish
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6.3.4. Forms of Names for
Works/ Expressions

Preferred title, choose:
 Most
frequently found in manifestations of
the work in original language
 Found in reference sources
 Most frequently found on manifestations
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7. Foundations for Search
Capabilities

7.1. Search and Retrieval – by access points
 Provide
reliable retrieval of bibliographic and authority
records and their associated bibliographic resources
 Limit search results

7.1.1. Searching devices:
 Full
forms of names
 Keywords
 Phrases
 Truncation
 Etc.
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7.1.2. Essential Access Points
Main attributes and relationships of each
entity
 7.1.2.1. Bibliographic records

 Name
of creator or first named creator when >1
 Preferred title for work/expression
 Title proper or supplied title for manifestation
 Year(s) of publication or issuance
 Subject headings, subject terms
 Classification numbers
 Standard numbers, identifiers, ‘key titles’ for
described entity
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7.1.2. Essential Access Points

7.1.2.2. Authority records
 Authorized
name of entity
 Identifiers for entity
 Variant forms of name for the entity
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7.1.3. Additional Access Points

Attributes from other areas of bibliographic
description or authority record may serve
as
 Optional
access points or
 Filtering or limiting devices
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7.1.3. Additional Access Points
7.1.3.1. For bibliographic records include
(not limited to):

 Names
of creators beyond the first
 Names of persons, families, or corporate bodies in
other roles than creator, e.g., performers
 Variant titles (Parallel titles, caption titles, etc.)
 Authorized access point for series
 Bibliographic record identifiers
 Language
 Country of publication
 Content type
 Carrier type
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7.1.3. Additional Access Points
7.1.3.2. For authority records include
(not limited to):

 Names
of related entities
 Authority record identifiers
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Next Steps for Principles
Worldwide
review 2008
Influence the
new cataloguing
codes of the
world
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Questions?
ICP
International
Cataloguing
Principles
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