Transcript Document 7270337

Chris Renzo
Everyday in Africa
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HIV/AIDS kills 6,300
people
8,500 people
become infected
with the HIV virus
1,400 newborn
babies are infected
during childbirth or
by their mothers'
milk
www.dismalworld.com/health/aids_in_africa.php
Fast Facts
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25 million people in Africa
have HIV; 70% of all HIV
global infections.
Almost 2 million of African
cases are children under the
age of 15.
Currently more than 12
million children in Africa
have lost at least one parent
to HIV/AIDS; that number is
expected to reach 18 million
by 2010
www.dismalworld.com/health/aids_in_africa.php
The Main ways of HIV/AIDS
Transmission
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Sexual Intercourse
Unsafe Injections
Transmission from mother to child at
birth or through breastfeeding
Transfusion of contaminated blood or
blood products.
www.dismalworld.com/health/aids_in_africa.php
HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa in
Comparison with the World
World Region
Adult HIV
prevalence (age
15-49)
Total HIV cases
AIDS deaths in
2005
Sub-Saharan
Africa
11%
24.5million
2.0million
Worldwide
1.0%
38.6million
2.8million
North America
0.8%
1.3million
27,000
Western Europe
0.3%
720,000
12,000
Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic
Life Expectancy in some Southern
African Countries - 1958 to 2003
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, 2004
National Infection Rates for
HIV/AIDS
Some of the
hardest hit
countries are the
wealthiest ones
Source: UNAIDS
HIV/AIDS and Wealth
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The wealthiest regions have the highest prevalence
of HIV/AIDS.
The correlation is attributed to the fact that
reasonably efficient medical care is available to HIV
infected people from those countries and their
citizens can maintain a healthy appearance.
When people use a condom during sexual intercourse
the stigma arises that their sexual partner has AIDS.
Because of this stigma they don’t wear protection;
furthermore with their relatively healthy look, AIDS is
spread throughout these regions.
Causes to the Prevalence of
HIV/AIDS in the Region
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There is widespread denial
that HIV causes AIDS.
Many Africans have
rejected the use of the
condom because of their
concern that the intentions
would limit the growth of
the African population.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Africa
Causes to the Prevalence of
HIV/AIDS in the Region
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AIDS patients are afraid to
admit their disease, for fear
that they will be made
social outcasts
Poor Health care systems
due to lack of money
Millions are not educated
The World Health
Organization asserts that
most HIV transmissions are
from heterosexual activity
Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic
The “Risk” of Monogamy
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Marriage and other long term,
“monogamous” relationships may not exclude
couples from HIV infection. For Example, It
has been reported that 10-13% of men in
relationships in Cambodia are having sex with
a prostitute. Women also act upon the same
urges, especially in times of economic
hardship.
Additionally in a 2000 Demographics Health
Survey, only 1% of married women used
condoms during their last sexual intercourse.
Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic
Woman and HIV
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In Sub-Saharan Africa woman are 30% more
likely to have HIV/AIDS.
In some Sub-Saharan African countries 33% of
women are reported to be forced into sex. This
type of sex usually causes abrasions from
aggressive vaginal or anal sex, thus making
virus entry into the body much easier. (WHO,
2001).
Women hesitate to seek HIV testing or fail to
return their results to a partner for fear of
physical abuse, expulsion from their home, or
social ostracism. (Human Rights Watch, 2003).
‘Sugar Daddies'
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Are older men that
will give gifts and
money to women in
exchange for sex.
These
“relationships” act
as a driver,
spreading the virus.
Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic
‘Sugar Daddies'
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UNAIDS Deputy Director Kathleen Cravero states
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"You have an infection cycle that's going from the older
men to the young girls. The girls in turn infect their
slightly older boyfriends, who grow up to give it to the
young girls they start seeing. If we could collapse this
bridge of intergenerational sex, we could go a long way
towards breaking the hold of this epidemic on young
girls."
Source: UNAIDS, 2006 Report on the global AIDS epidemic
Effects on the Children
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According to the United
Nations, there are 12
million AIDS orphans in
sub-Saharan Africa
In four years that
number will skyrocket
to 18.4 million.
AIDS orphans will make
up 15 to 20 percent of
the population in some
African countries.
http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/africa/07/17/amanpour.africa.btsc/index.html
Effects on the Children
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HIV infection is more
aggressive in children
less than 18 months
old. In the absence of
any treatment up to 50
percent of HIV-infected
children die by their
second birthday.
less than 5 percent of
HIV-positive children
who need treatment
have access to it.
http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/africa/07/17/amanpour.africa.btsc/index.html
Health Care
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Historically, spending on health care has been
inadequate
Colonial power that left health care systems
behind, focused on curative rather than
preventive measures.
The Military regions of many African nations
came to power after independence and
distorted spending priorities away from health
care, only perpetuating the HIV/AIDS
problem
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Africa
Botswana
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Botswana is one of the
countries hardest hit by
HIV/AIDS. In 2005 is was
reported that 24.1% of their
two million people were
infected with the virus.
Life expectancy at birth fell
from 65 years in 1990-1995 to
less than 40 years in 2000-2005
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botswana
Swaziland
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With a population just
over one million people,
ranges from 33.4%42.6% of the population,
depending on the source,
is estimated to be
infected with HIV/AIDS.
Swaziland's has the
worlds’ lowest life
expectancy at 36 years.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaziland
Effects on the Economy
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Businesses are losing their workers,
families are losing their breadwinners,
and communities are losing their
teachers and nurses.
Entire communities are devastated and
economies that are already under stress
from unfair trade and polices are
compacted further by HIV/AIDS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Africa
The Effect
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More than a third of Africans GDP
comes from agriculture. HIV/AIDS
is already devastated a region that
has limited ability to deal with
further economic distorts.
The loss of productive members of
society is severely affecting
household capacity to produce
and buy food and increasing
malnutrition and starvation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Africa
AIDS and Rural areas
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In the countries hardest hit by the epidemic,
2/3 of the victims are in rural areas.
Information and health services are not as
available in these regions.
HIV/AIDS disportionitly effects the economic
sectors of agriculture, transportation, and
mining that have large numbers of migratory
workers.
Effects on the Agricultural
Sector
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People are dying before
they can pass on
agricultural knowledge and
expertise to the next
generation.
A study in Kenya showed
that only 7 percent of
agricultural households
headed by orphans had
adequate knowledge of
agricultural production.
www.fao.org/FOCUS/E/aids/img/africa.gif
Treatment – Anti-retroviral
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Anti-retroviral is the main type of treatment for HIV or AIDS. It
is not a cure, but it can slow down the regeneration of the virus
and keep people from getting ill for many years.
The treatment consists of drugs that have to be taken every day
for the rest of someone's life. Generic ARV drugs can be
purchased in Africa for $140 a year.
In sub-Saharan Africa, there are currently 4.1 million people
with AIDS who are in immediate need of life-saving antiretroviral drugs. At the end of last year, only an estimated
50,000 of these people were able to take these drugs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS_in_Africa
A Case for Hope: Uganda
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www.sudan.net
Uganda has been hailed as a rare
success story in the fight against
HIV and AIDS
President Museveni established the
AIDS Control Program within the
Ministry of Health to create policy
guidelines for Uganda’s fight
against HIV/AIDS
A variety of approaches to AIDS
education have been employed,
ranging from the promotion of
condom use to 'abstinence only'
programs.
A Case for Hope: Uganda
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Pioneered the concept of
voluntary HIV testing
centers in Sub-Saharan
Africa
These efforts have in effect
reduced HIV/AIDS cases
from 11% to around 6%.
The graph from earlier
shows evidence with a rise
in their life expectancy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Africa
See: “Where Have All the Parents Gone?” Christine Amanpour, CNN video