Transcript DISASTER PREPAREDNESS A Time-Dependent and Policy- Driven Process to Underpin Disaster Resilience

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
A Time-Dependent and PolicyDriven Process to Underpin
Disaster Resilience
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for
Disaster Reduction, University of
North Carolina, USA
THE STATE OF THE
WORLD: UNPREPARED
REALITY: 200 Nations and 7 Billion People
are Investing Over 6 Trillion Dollars Each
Year in Urban Development and Billions in
Education.
REALITY: Each Year, approximately 700900 Events Cause Economic losses in the
$ Billions With Large Tolls in Mortality and
Morbidity and a Loss Potential That is
Increasing Exponentially With Time.
DISASTERS OCCUR WHEN--A COMMUNITY’S PUBLIC
POLICIES ALLOW IT TO BE …
UN—PREPARED
RISK ASSESSMENT
•NATURAL HAZARDS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: DISASTER
RESILIENCE
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
COMMUNITY
FOUR PILLARS OF
RESILIENCE
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY IENCE
GOAL:
FROM UN—PREPARED
TO
A STATE OF
PREPAREDNESS
FOR ALL NATURAL
HAZARDS
The Goal:
Making Cities Disaster
Resilient
Concentrating all Available Resources on
The Urgent Goal ISDR Introduced to the
World on
October 13th, 2010
A PART OF THE UNITED NATIONS’
WORLD DISASTER REDUCTION
CAMPAIGN
Coordinated by the United Nations
International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction (ISDR)
THE WAY FORWARD
DISASTER RESILIENCE
IN
EVERY CITY IN EVERY REGION OF
THE WORLD
AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE
TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE IN
EVERY CITY THROUGHOUT WORLD
THE AMERICAS
CARIBBEAN
ISLAND NATIONS
BASIN
EUROPE
ADOPTION AND
IMPLEMENTATION
OF DISASTER
RISK REDUCTION
POLICIES &
/PROGRAMS
MEDITERRANEAN
ASIA
SUB-SAHARA
AFRICA
ELEMENT 1 OF DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
• HAZARD, VULNERABILITY,
AND RISK ASSESSMENTS
ELEMENT 2 OF DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
• PREDICTIONS, FORECASTS
AND WARNING SYSTEMS
ELEMENT 3 OF DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
• DISASTER PLANNING
SCENARIOS
ELEMENT 4 OF DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
• INSURANCE
ELEMENT 4 OF DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
• TOWARDS THE “INTELLIGENT
COMMUNITY “
ELEMENTS OF RISK
HAZARDS
EXPOSURE
RISK
VULNERABILITY
LOCATION
HAZARD, VULNERABILITY, AND
RISK ASSESSMENTS
• WHERE WILL THE NAT.
HAZARD OCCUR?
• WHEN?
• PHYSICAL EFFECTS?
• HOW BIG OR SEVERE?
• WHAT IS AT RISK?
• THE VULNERABILITIES?
• EXPECTED DAMAGE?
• EXPECTED SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS?
GOAL:
The implementation of
policies by local
governments that will move
their cities towards disaster
resilience.
An Unique Opportunity:
This is an opportunity for the
world’s more than 1 million cities
to adopt the ISDR’S urgent goal of
becoming disaster resilient as
quickly as possible,
and to find ways to make it happen.
SOME OF THE KINDS OF
DISASTERS THAT
HAPPENED DURING
2010-2011 DEMONSTRATE
THE URGENT NEED FOR
RESILIENCE
EARTHQUAKES: 2010
• HAITI
• CHILE
•TURKEY
•INDONESIA
•CHINA
•TAIWAN
EARTHQUAKES: 2011
• JAPAN
• CHILE
•NEW ZEALAND
•TURKEY
LANDSLIDES: 2010
• MACHU PICCHU
•SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
•MADEIRA (PORTUGAL)
• BRAZIL (RIO DE JANEIRO)
•TAIWAN
•SANTA MARIA TLAHUITOLTAPEC
SEVERE WINDSTORMS: 2010
Xynthia
Tropical Storms and Hurricanes:
Atlantic Basin
Tropical Storms and Hurricanes:
Pacific Basin
Typhoons
Cyclones
SEVERE WINDSTORMS: 2011
Tornadoes in USA
Hurricane Irene
Tropical Storm Lee
Typhoons
FLOODS: 2010
• BRAZIL (RIO DE JANEIRO)
•EUROPE
•PAKISTAN
FLOODS: 2011
• QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA
•MISSISSIPPI RIVER AREA, USA
•BANGKOK, THAILAND
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS:2010
• ICELAND
• INDONESIA
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS:2011
• ICELAND
WILDFIRES: 2010
• SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• RUSSIA
•ISRAEL
WILDFIRES: 2011
• ARIZONA
•TEXAS
DROUGHT
CONTINUES IN THE
CARIBBEAN
CONTINUES IN WESTERN
CHINA
OIL SPILLS AND LEAKS:
2010
• GULF OF MEXICO
•CHINA
THE RESILIENT CITIES
CAMPAIGN
THE CAMPAIGN WILL SUCCEED WHEN
CITIES ARE PREPARED FOR ALL NATURAL
HAZARDS, AND ARE REDUCING DISASTER
RISKS TOWARDS ZERO
EVERY REGION HAS CITIES WITH “CHAMPIONS” TO PROVIDE
LEADERSHIP
CARIBBEAN
BASIN
NORTH
AMERICA
SUB-SAHARA
AFRICA
EUROPE
200 NATIONS
AND 7
BILLION PEOPLE
SOUTH
AMERICA
MEDITERRANEAN
ISLAND
NATIONS
ASIA
THE GOAL OF EVERY CITY
• LESS RISK!
• PREPARED FOR
ALL NATURAL
HAZARDS (E.G.,
FLOODS,
SEVERE
WINDSTORMS,
EARTHQUAKES)
F A C E IS THE KEY
• FACTS OF
• CHANGE IN
SCIENCE AND
THINKING!
TECHNOLOGY! • EFFORTS THAT
BUILD LOCAL
• COMMUNITY
CAPACITY
FOR
AND REGIONAL
PREPARE
DNESS
ALLIANCES!
USE GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCES AS
A BASIS FOR LOCAL PUBLIC POLICIES
RESILIENT
TRANSPORTATION
RESILIENT
DEVELOPMENT
SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY
SEED BED FOR
DISASTER RESILIENCE
CAMPAIGHS
THAT MEET COMMUNITY
NEEDS
NATURAL &
TECH. HAZARDS
CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
POLICY
IMPLEMENTATION
RESILIENT
ENTERPRISE
HOW TO FAIL
GOALS:
CAPACITY
FOR
DISASTER
RISK
REDUCTION
DISASTER
RISK
REDUCTION
DISASTER
RESILIENCE
FACT: NO CITY CAN REDUCE ITS DISASTER RISKS WITHOUT A
LONG-TERM STRATEGIC EFFORT.
HOW TO SUCCEED
STRATEGIC GOAL: WORKING TOGETHER TO INCREASE
CAPACITY IN EVERY SECTOR OF THE CITY
SOCIAL
PHYSICAL
SCIENCES
SCIENCE
ENGINEERING
SCIENCES
SUCCESS: A STATE OF PREPAREDNESS IN EVERY CITY
TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES
GOAL: Focus on Solutions For Reducing
Disaster RISK
ISLAND NATIONS
BUILD ON CULTURAL
DIVERSITY OF NATIONS IN THE
REGION
FOCUS ON PRACTICAL
APPLICATIONS AND INNOVATIVE IMPLEMENTATION
BUILD TECHNICAL AND
POLITICAL CAPACITY FOR
INCREASED COMMITMENT
DEVELOP FINANCIAL
RESOURCES
IMPROVE COMMUNICATIONS
INCREASE RESILIENCE OF
COMMUNITIES BY REDUCING
VULMERABILITIES
INCREASE AND IMPROVE
PARTNERSHIPS
IMPROVE PUBLIC EDUCATION
AND AWARENESS
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES
GOAL: Focus on Solutions For Reducing
Disasters
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
INCREASE PUBLIC
AWARENESS
REDUCE PHYSICAL, SOCIAL,
AND ENTERPRISE
VULNERABILITIES
ENHANCE PUBLIC HEALTH
IIPROVE CAPACITY FOR
PERFORMING LOSS
ESTIMATIONS
ACCELERATE EDUCATION
(WITH FOCUS ON RISK
REDUCTION TECHNIQUES
ESTABLISH AN AFRICAN
CENTER OF EXCELLENCE ON
SUSTAINABILE DEVELOPMENT
INCREASE CAPACITY TO
MITIGATE DAMAGE/LOSS OF
ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
ESTABLISH SUB-REGIONAL
CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE ON
SUSTAINABILE DEVELOPMENT
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES
GOAL: Focus on Solutions For Reducing
Disasters
CARIBBEAN BASIN NATIONS
INCREASE PUBLIC
AWARENESS OF SOCIAL AND
PHYSICAL RISKS
INCREASE UNDERSTANDING
OF RISKS IN EVERY NATION
ASSESS AND REDUCE
VULNERABILITIES ON ISLANDSPECIFIC SCALES
ASSESS AND REDUCE
VULNERABILITIES ON
COMMUNITY SCALES
ASSESS AND REDUCE
VULNERABILITIES ON
NATIONAL SCALES
ASSESS AND REDUCE
VULNERABILITIES ON
REGIONAL SCALE
CONTINUE BUILDING BASINWIDE PARTNERSHOPS
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES
GOAL: Focus on Solutions For Reducing
Disasters
EUROPE
IMPROVE EARLY WARNING
AND EARLY RESPONSE
IMPROVE EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
ADVANCE SCIENTIFIC AND
TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRAMS
EMPOWER POLLITICAL WILL
TO CHANGE POLICIES AND
PRACTICES
REDUCE VULNERABILITIES TO
NATURAL AND
TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS
TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE
SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT
INCREASE PROTECTION OF
PEOPLE AND CULTURAL
HERITAGE
CREATE A FORUM ON DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES
GOAL: Focus on Solutions For Reducing
Disasters
MEDITERRANEAN REGION
INCREASE PUBLIC
AWARENESS IN EVERY NATION
IMPROVE EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
ADVANCE SCIENTIFIC AND
TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRAMS
EMPOWER POLITICAL WILL TO
CHANGE POLICIES AND
PRACTICES
REDUCE VULNERABILITIES TO
NATURAL AND
TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS
TOWARDs SUSTAINABLE
SOCIETAL DEVELOPMENT
INCREASE PROTECTION OF
PEOPLE AND CULTURAL
HERITAGE
CONTINUE IMPROVING
PARTNERSHIPS FOR DISASTER
RISK REDUCTION
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES
IN EACH REGION
GOAL: Focus on Solutions For Reducing
Disasters
ASIA
IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS
IMPROVE EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
REDUCE ALL URBAN
VULNERABILITIES
IMPROVE ALL ASPECTS OF
DATA MANAGEMENT
FORMATION OF CENTERS OF
EXCELLENCE
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES
GOAL:
Focus on Solutions For Reducing Disasters
THE AMERICAS
IMPROVE CAPABILITY TO
AVOID DISASTERS AS PART
OF LAND-USE PLANNING
IMPROVE CAPABILITY TO
MATCH STRUCTURAL DESIGN
WITH HAZARD DEMAND
IMPROVE PUBLIC AWARENESS
AND EDUCATION
IMPROVE HAZARD
CHARACTERIZATION MODELS
AND MAPS
IMPROVE EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS, RESPONE,
AND RECOVERY
DEVELOP COMMUNITY
REDUCE ALL URBAN
VULNERABILITIES
IMPROVE DISASTER
SCENARIOS
IMPROVE ENVIRONMENTAL
VULNERABILITY AND RISK
ASSESSMENTS
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES
GOAL: Focus on Solutions For Reducing
Disasters
THE AMERICAS (CONTINUED)
IMPROVE MITIGATION AND
PREPAREDNESS MODELS TO
MANAGE RISK
IMPROVE THE NEXT
GENERATION OF BUILDING
CODES AND STANDARDS
IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF
INTERACTION OF HAZARD AND
BUILT ENVIRONMENTS
INCREASED COLLECTION AND
SHARING OF KNOWLEDGE
IMPROVE DATA COLLECTION
AND MANAGEMENT
IMPROVE PROCESS FOR
SHARING KNOWLEDGE AND
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
ENHANCING MULTIPLE
EFFORTS IN CAPACITY
BUILDING
CLOSE “IMPLEMENTATION GAP
“
TOWARD DISASTER RESILIENT CITIES
GOAL: Focus on Success; FAILURE IS A
LOSS FOR EVERYONE!
INNOVATIVE IMPLEMENTATION IS THE KEY
OUTREACH BY KNOWLEDGE
PRODUCING ORGANIZATIONS
COORDINATED GOVERNMENT
POLICES, PRACTICES, AND
LEGISLATION
COUNTER-DISASTER TRAINING
OF RESPONSIBLE PERSONS
IMPROVED TRANS-BORDER
LINKAGES BETWEEN
COUNTRIES
PUBLIC AWARENESS TO GAIN
SUPPORT FOR SUSTAINED
IMPLEMENTATION
IMPROVED LEVERAGING OF
EXISTING INTERNATIONAL
AGREEMENTS
COORDINATED BUSINESS
POLICIES AND PRACTICES
COMMINICATION!
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
IS A “24/7” EFFORT
• PREVENTION
(CONTROL THE
SOURCE)
• PROTECTION
(BUILD TO
WITHSTAND)
• LAND-USE
CONTROL
(AVOIDANCE)
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
IS A “24/7” EFFORT
• MONITORING
(FACILITATES
EARLY WARNING,
EVACUATION, AND
INTERVENTION TO
PROTECT PEOPLE
AND PROPERTY)