Project of SuperB as Superflavor Factory

26 Sept,2008

Marcello A. Giorgi Università di Pisa & INFN Pisa

September 26,2008 Novosibirsk-Russia

Marcello A.Giorgi

Great achievements from e+e- factories PEPII and KEKB

Flavour Physics was recently in the front line of the stage thanks to the e+ e- factories.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

2001 CP violation in B sector from Time dependent analysis 2003 Discovery of new charm particles start a new spectroscopy season with D sJ 2004 Direct CP violation in B sector 2006 Limits on MSSM parameters from B  tn 2006 UL on t decay LFV 2007 Charm mixing from D 0 2008 h b discovery D 0 bar decay 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

What in the next decade will e+ e- factories say about new physics and

(Some) Results of B-Factories

Unitarity Triangle precision Spectroscopy of new, B  tn setting measurements unexpected states limits on MSSM parameters

New DK state(s) at 2.86GeV/c 2 D s2 (2573) +

D 0

Well beyond the original

– D 0 mixing

goals

No Mixing

26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Constraints on CKM

Precise measurements of CKM parameters in quark sector, challenging new physics can come from a wide spectrum of future projects (some approved, some close to approval, some….): In Kaons there are projects for a next generation of experiments :

K

  n n Kloe at upgraded Da F ne?  In charm, t and b:

K L

 n n • BES upgrade, KEKB upgrade, • Super c t here in Novosibirsk and • SuperB SuperB and Super c t are based on the crab waist concept invented by P.Raimondi in 2006. Background not exceeding too much the present Babar, thanks to low current, crossing angle and a careful design of the Interaction Region.

26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Two frontiers for the exploration of New Physics

26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

5

High Luminosity potential

• Flavour precision measurements sensitive to New Physics (NP) – Measure interference effect in known processes – Measure decays: rare or forbidden in Standard Model • NP effects governed by – New Physics Scale NP( Λ) – Effective coupling C • Different Intensities (from interactions) • Different Patterns (for instance from simmetries) With 7-10x1010 pair bb, cc, tt (75-100 ab -1 ) it is possible

NP( Λ) found at LHC

• Determine couplings FV e CPV of NP • Look for heavier states • Study the flavour structure of NP

NP( Λ) not found at LHC

• Look for indirect signals of NP • Link them to explaining NP models • Constrain regions in parameter space with NP( L ) sensitivity up several tens of TeV. 26 Sept,2008

Some channels as

t

LFV clear segnals of NP

Marcello A.Giorgi

NP sensitivity with 75 ab

-1 Today SuperB+Lattice improvements r h = 0.163 ± 0.028

= 0.344

± 0.016

26 Sept,2008 r h = ± 0.0028

= ± 0.0024

Improving CKM is crucial to look for NP

Marcello A.Giorgi

B Physics @ Y(4S) t Physics B s Physics @ Y(5S) 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Charm mixing and CP Charm FCNC

26 Sept,2008 some

EXAMPLES.

Marcello A.Giorgi

Higgs-mediated NP in MFV at large tan b 2ab -1 10ab -1 2ab -1 M H ~0.4-0.8 TeV for tan b ~30-60 tan b 75ab -1 SuperB 75ab -1 M H ~1.2-2.5 TeV for tan b ~30-60 Importance of having very large sample ≥75ab b -1 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

tan b How signal would like with MH=350GeV tan b

COMPLEMENTARY: LHC and Flavour with 75 ab

-1 IF LHC DISCOVERS SUPERSYMMETRY 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Red are LHC+EW constraints+ Super

B

Blue is LHC alone

MFV : SNOWMASS points

26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

SPS4 ruled out by present values of B s g . SPS1a is the least favorable for flavour, but SuperB and only SuperB can observe 2 s deviations in several observables

MSSM+generic soft SUSY breaking terms Flavour-changing NP effects in the squark propagator  NP scale SUSY mass New Physics contribution (2-3 families)  flavour-violating coupling b ~ b   ~ s

LR

s |  23 |

LR

1

In the red regions the



are measured with a significance >3

s

away from zero

|  23 |

LR

= (0.026 ± 0.005) Arg(  23 ) LR =(44.5± 2.6) o 10 -1 10 -2

m gluino

1 10 (TeV) 1 TeV 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Determination of coupling [in this case : (  13 ) LL ] with 10 ab -1 and 75 ab -1 SM SM Re (  13 ) LL 26 Sept,2008 Importance of having very large sample >75ab -1 Marcello A.Giorgi

Re (  13 ) LL

Some comparison: Current



10ab

-1 

75ab

-1

B

 

K

 n n

B

 

K *

 n n

(, K

 

K S

 

)

Actual limit 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

is also a

t

factory



golden measurement LFV

(Complementarity with m  e g Further improvements if polarized beams.

Optimization of BKG rejection is in progress. Pol. Helps also to discriminate models. In some model there is a strong effect on the angular distribution of

m

from signal:

26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Comparison with Snowmass points on Tau using also Polarization

SuperB with 75 ab-1, evaluation assuming the most conservative scenario about syst. errors

LFV

5

s

disc 1 ÷2

SuperKEKB worse by a factor 2.5 and 4.5 in t mg and >5 in t 3m 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Tau g-2 Start with the expt. with

m

<1

Make use of all the informations (total x-section,angular distribution, f-b asymmetry. Measure Re and Im parts 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Charm Physics Charm physics using the charm produced at U (4S) Charm physics at threshold 0.3 ab -1 Consider that running 4 month at threshold we will collect 1000 times the stat. of CLEO-C ~ 10 times of futire BESIII Strong dynamics and CKM measurements D decay form factor and decay constant @ 1% Dalitz structure useful for g measurement x ~1%, @threshold(4GeV) exclusive V ub ~ few % syst. error on g from Dalitz Model <1 o Rare decays FCNC down to 10 -8 D mixing Better studied using the high statistics collected at U (4S) 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

CP Violation in mixing could now addressed

CP Violation in charm NOW SuperB 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Charm

• Charm events at threshold are very clean: pure DD, no additional fragmentation • High signal/bkg ratio: optimal for decays with neutrinos.

• Quantum Coherence: new and alternative CP violation measurement wrt to  (4S). Unique opportunity to measure D 0 -D 0 relative phase.

• Increased statistics is not an advantage running at threshold: cross section 3x wrt 10GeV but luminosity 10x smaller.

• SuperB lumi at 4 GeV = 10 35 cm -2 s -1 produces ~10 9 DD pairs per month of running. (using Cleo-c cross-section measurement s (e + e  D 0 D 0 )~3.6 nb + s (e + e  D + D )~2.8 nb ~ 6.4 nb) • Time-dependent measurements at 4 GeV only possible at SuperB.

26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Time dependent measurements at DD threshold: only possible at SuperB • Proper time resolution dominated by decay vertex resolution. – Production vertex precisely determined thanks to nm beamspot dimensions SuperB lumi at 4 GeV = 10 35 produces ~10 9 cm DD per month -2 s -1

SuperB nominal boost

bg ct = 0.28  120 m m ~ 30 m m Average flight distance similar to vertex resolution  s t ~ t bg

Resolution is still adequate for time dependent measurements

t 2 

N

s

t

2  2 t

N

26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Luminosity

• For gaussian bunches: geometrical Reduction factor N e + ( N e ) is the number of positrons (electrons) in a bunch f coll is the collision frequency σ x ( σ y ) is the horizontal (vertical) r.m.s. size at the I.P.

R l is the Luminosity Reduction factor by incomplete overlap: crossing angle and “hour glass” effect.

•TRADITIONAL (brute force): increase the numerator Currents increase: from 1A on 2 A up to 4.1 A on 9.4 A-

Wall Plug Power

, HOM,CSR: hard to surpass 5 10 35 cm 2 s -1

Crab Crossing

•Super

B

: to increase

R l

and to optimize beam dynamic decrease the denominator (same currents as PEP-II) Bunch sizes: from σ y = 3

μ

m down to σ y = 40 nm Luminosity: 10 36 cm 2 s -1 ( baseline) .

Crab Waist

and large

Piwinsky

angle to optimize beam dynamic 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

CRAB WAIST

M.Zobov will talk in detail about crab waist and the Da

f

ne test.

26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

24

CRAB WAIST TEST IN FRASCATI

Vertical scan s

y

 3.5

m

m

 26 Sept,2008  

y

 s 2

yp

 s 2

ye

Marcello A.Giorgi



y

 

y meas

 0.88

 25

SuperB Test of crab waist at Da

F

ne (LNF)

Luminosity stable above 2.0x1032 reached

LUMINOMETERS Transverse beam dimensions at the Synchrotron Light Monitor e -

Crab OFF Crab ON

x e + y Blow-up in beam sizes and decrease

Marcello A.Giorgi

in Bhabha rates observed when crab

Marcello A. Giorgi

sexts for one ring OFF (other ring ON)

SuperB parameters with higher Wall Power

150m needed for Polarization Doubling currents with a factor 2 in Wall power we can double the luminosity LEB HEB 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Asymmetric bunch size to optimize beam lifetime (Touschek effect)

SuperB

expected LUMI

Peak Luminosity (10^35)

30.00

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

0.00

Ye ar 0 Ye ar 1 Ye ar 2 Ye ar 3 Ye ar 4 Ye ar 5 Ye ar 6 Ye ar 7 Ye ar 8

>80ab-1 in 7 th year Integrated Luminosity(1/ab)

140.00

120.00

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00

Ye ar 0 Ye ar 1 Ye ar 2 Ye ar 3 Ye ar 4 Ye ar 5 Ye ar 6 Ye ar 7 Ye ar 8 After 7 th year integrated Luminosity can grow at rate of  40 ÷ 60 ab -1 /year 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Super flavor factory projects

Machine project Cms Energy (GeV) Mode Symmetric Polarization of e beam >80% for t Yes Luminosity (cm -2 s -1 ) 1÷2 10 35 Super c t BINP (Russia) 3.0÷4.5

SuperKEKB (Japan) Super

B-

Roma 10.58

10.58

4.0

Asymmetric No Asymmetric Yes 2÷8 10 35 1÷4 10 36 1 10 35 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Super

B

SuperB is an asymmetric collider (7GeV e- ,4GeV e+) Baseline peak luminosty 10 36 (upgradable).

15-60 ab -1 /year as dictated by the physics program.

e- beam longitudinally polarized (85%).

Possibility of operating (ASYMMETRIC) at threshold for D0 CP violation studywith time dependent analysis.

COMPLEMENTARY to a Super c t symmetric factory.

26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

30

Detector Layout – Reuse parts of Babar

BASELINE Geant4 model OPTION Test beam goals for 2008-2010

Silicon Vertex Tracker MAPS pixel devices: resolution, efficiency, readout speed ( now under test at CERN !

) Advanced trigger systems (Associative Memories) Drift Chamber Cell size, shape, and gas mixture Particle ID system (forward system) Radiators (Aerogel, NaF) Photon detector (MCP, MAPMTs, SiPM) Timing for TOF system Electromagnetic Calorimeter Forw: LYSO Crystals leakage, resolution, mechanical structure Back: Lead-scintillator calorimeter resolution Instrumented Flux Return Scintillator, fibers, photon detector, readout electronics 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Beam test on MAPS for layer 0

• Beam test started last week @ CERN (T9). Main goals: – DNW MAPS matrix resolution & efficiency – Thin (200 m m) striplets module with FSSR2 readout chips – Demostrate LVL1 capability with tracker information sent to Associative Memories – New DAQ system developed for data push architecture T-1,2,3,4 :reference telescope modules Striplets-2 S2 T-4,3 MAPS-1 MAPS-2 S3 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Striplets-1 T-2,1 S1 beam 32

26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

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26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

34

PROCESS SuperB process is going on after the scrutiny of many international committees.

26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

35

Reviews summary

INFN Internation Review Comm – John Dainton – UK/Daresbury, chair – Jacques Lefrancois – F/Orsay – Antonio Masiero – I/Padova – Rolf Heuer – D/ Desy – Daniel Schulte – CERN – Abe Seiden – USA/UCSC – Young-Kee Kim – USA/FNAL – Hiroaki Aihara – Japan/Tokyo + Tatsuya Nakada (RECFA) + Steve Myers – accel expert Report released May 2008 recommend strongly continuation of work for 10

36

cm

-2

s

-1

asymmetric

e

+

e

-

collider DOE Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) Report released May 2008 Recommend significant US Participation in offshore flavour factory in the intermediate funding scenario 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

RECFA Committee – Tatsuya Nakada – Yanis Karyotakis – Frank Linde – Bernhard Spaan SuperB presented twice at ECFA Presentation fall 08 to CERN strategy group chair Steinar Stapnes Mini Machine Advisory Commitee – Klaus Balewski (DESY) – John Corlett (LBNL) – Jonathan Dorfan (SLAC, Chair) – Tom Himel (SLAC/ DESY) – Claudio Pellegrini (UCLA) – Daniel Schulte (CERN) – Ferdi Willeke (BNL) – Andy Wolski (Liverpool) – Frank Zimmermann (CERN) First meeting in July 16-17,2008 No glaring showstoppers Form a management structure 36

Comments on reviews • Link to meetings and reports:

http://www.pi.infn.it/Super B/reviews

• Dainton committee



• Mini MAC

John Dainton INFN SuperB La Biolada June 1 st 2008 IRC First report

5. Conclusion

● ● ● ● ● recommend strongly continuation of work for 10

36

cm

-2

s

-1

asymmetric

e

+

e

-

collider even more concerted effort to fully evaluate physics potential ↔ machine specifications major design program to establish credibility of machine now critical ← showstoppers

?

MAC now essential preservation of detectors PEP2 components increasing global involvement if timescale for a TDR is to be met •Very exciting project -- Committee is exhilarated by the challenge •Physics requirement of 10**36 cm-2 sec-1 or 75 ab-1/5yr is very demanding •Committee considers the SINGLE MOST ESSENTIAL ingredient for moving forward is the formation of a sanctioned management structure which formally incorporates a dedicated machine design team. The team members must have the strong support of their home institutions to work on the design. The team needs a designated leader, who is as close to full time as is possible • The Committee sees no glaring showstoppers wrt achieving the design performance. However, in several key areas, more work is needed before the design can be blessed 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

37

The process

SuperB presented twice at ECFA RECFA Committee – Tatsuya Nakada – Yanis Karyotakis – Frank Linde – Bernhard Spaan RECFA meeting in Athens October ’08 Plenary ECFA Nov . 28,2008 Final report to Cern Strategy Group at the December Council meeting.

Project has been presented last Friday Sept 19 by R. Petronzio at the CERN council. Discussion already with the Cern Strategy group secretary Steiner Stapness.

FINAL REPORT EXPECTED BY MARCH 09.

MEANWHILE we are elaborating the management structure of Super

B

26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

38

END 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Charm

• Charm events at threshold are very clean: pure DD, no additional fragmentation • High signal/bkg ratio: optimal for decays with neutrinos.

• Quantum Coherence: new and alternative CP violation measurement wrt to  (4S). Unique opportunity to measure D 0 D 0 relative phase.

• Increased statistics is not an advantage running at threshold: cross-section 3x wrt 10GeV but luminosity 10x smaller.

• SuperB lumi at 4 GeV = 10 35 cm -2 s -1 produces ~10 9 DD pairs per month of running. (using Cleo-c cross-section measurement [ s (e + e  D 0 D 0 )~3.6 nb ] +[ s (e + e  D + D )~2.8 nb] ~ 6.4 nb ) • Time-dependent measurements at 4 GeV

only

SuperB to extract Phase .

possible at 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Marcello A. Giorgi

CP Violation in charm from mixing NOW SuperB Marcello A.Giorgi

Marcello A. Giorgi

Time dependent measurements at DD threshold: only possible at SuperB

• Proper time resolution dominated by decay vertex resolution. – Production vertex precisely determined thanks to nm beamspot dimensions

SuperB nominal boost

With Super

B

lumi at 4 GeV = 10 35 expected ~10 9 DD per month cm -2 s -1 bg bg ct = 0.28  120 m m ~ 30 m m Average flight distance similar to vertex resolution  s t ~ t

LNF

July 16,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

Marcello A. Giorgi 42

Crab Waist

• • • • Crab waist: modulation of the y-waist position, particles collides a same

β y

realized with a sextupole upstream the IP. Minimization of nonlinear terms in the beam-beam interaction: reduced emittance growth, suppression of betatron and sincro betatron coupling Maximization of the bunch-bunch overlap: luminosity gain Low wall power 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

26 Sept,2008

Luminosity and specific luminosity with and without Crab Sextupoles

Marcello A.Giorgi

44

SVT - Layer 0 Options

• • The BaBar SVT technology is adequate for R > 3cm: use design similar to BaBar SVT Layer0 is subject to large backround and needs to be extremely thin: > 5MHz/cm2, 1MRad/yr, < 0.5%X0 Striplets option: mature technology, not so robust against background.

• Marginal with background rate higher than ~ 5 MHz/cm 2 • Moderate R&D needed on module interconnection/mechanics/FE chip (FSSR2) CMOS MAPS option • new & challenging technology: • can provide the required thickness • existing devices are too slow • Extensive R&D ongoing (SLIM5-Collaboration) on 3-well devices 50x50um 2 Hybrid Pixel Option : tends to be too thick.

• An example: Alice hybrid pixel module ~ 1% X0 • Possible material reduction with the latest technology improvements • Viable option, although marginal 26 Sept,2008 Marcello A.Giorgi

G.Rizzo

45