Transcript Document 7242901

Status of
Science and Technology
in Pakistan
Tariq Bashir
Pakistan Council for Science and Technology
Islamabad
November 8, 2006
Overview

System of S&T Governance

Status of S&T Development and S&T
Statistical Indicators

Current S&T Policy Initiatives
2
Overview of S&T Governance
System in Pakistan
National Assembly
Standing
Committee on S&T
Prime
Minister
Senate Standing
Committee on S,T &
Education
National
Commission for
S&T
Minister for
S&T
Other
Ministers*
PM
Secretariat
Pakistan Council
for S&T
Ministry of
S&T
*Related
Ministries
PAEC
HEC
S&T / R&D Organizations
* Ministries of IT & Telecom., Agriculture, Education, Industries, Health etc.
3
National Commission for Science and
Technology (NCST)

Constituted in 1984

Apex body on S&T matters headed by PM

27 members
Details
 PCST is Secretariat of NCST
 Acceleration of scientific and technological capacity
building for rapid and sustainable economic growth
 Consideration of major programmes of S&T sector
and establish guidelines
 Coordination of inter-ministerial and inter-provincial
S&T programmes
4
Status of S&T
Development and S&T
Statistical Indicators
5
Status of S&T Development and S&T
Statistical Indicators

S&T Development in Historical
Perspective

S&T Manpower

R&D Expenditure

Information Technology
6
S&T Development in Historical
Perspective
At the Time of Independence in 1947:

Meager Human and Financial Resources

Poor Infrastructure*
● Only 4 Laboratories
● Two Universities
● One Agricultural College
* Excludes East Pakistan
7
S&T Development in Historical Perspective…..2
At Present:

Independent Ministries for:
● Science and Technology
● Information Technology and Telecommunications
● Higher Education Commission

85 Major S&T Organizations with 228 research
institutes / centres / labs etc.

114 Universities / Degree Awarding Institutes
including:
● 11 Engineering and Technology Universities
● 6 Agricultural Universities
● 7 Medical Universities
8
Growth of Higher Education Institutions in
Pakistan
No. of HEIs
120
100
80
Total
Public
Private
60
40
20
0
1947 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006
Source: HEC
9
S&T Manpower
70000
62148
Total
Female
60000
50000
40000
30982
30000
20000
7261
10000
8659
405
3643
0
Researchers
Source: PCST
Technicians and Other Supporting
Equivalent Staff
Staff
10
Growth of PhDs in Pakistan
4877
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2486
2631
2860
1882
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1995
Source: PCST
1998
2000
2003
2006
11
Researchers by Level of Qualification
Total
Government
Higher Education
24992
25000
18500
20000
15000
10000
6492
5546
4714
5000
444
832
407
37
0
PhD and Equivalent
Source: PCST
Masters and Bachelor
Others
12
Number of Researchers by Field of Science
8000
Total
7000
Government
Higher Education
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Natural
Sciences
Source: PCST
Eng. & Tech.
Medical
Sciences
Agricultural
Sciences
Social
Sciences
Humantities
13
Percent of Total Researchers Working in
Higher Education and Public Sector R&D
Organizations
Government
24.95%
Higher
Education
75.05%
Source: PCST
14
Researchers by Field of Science in
Higher Education
Social
Sciences
17%
Agricultural
Sciences
8%
Source: PCST
Humantities
14%
Natural
Sciences
24%
Medical
Sciences
20%
Engineering
and
Technology
17%
15
Researchers by Field of Science in
Public Sector Organizations
Social
Sciences
2%
Agricultural
Sciences
50%
Source: PCST
Humantities
4%
Natural
Sciences
19%
Medical
Sciences
6%
Engineering
and
Technology
19%
16
19
88
19 -89
89
19 -90
90
19 -91
91
19 -92
92
19 -93
93
19 94
94
19 -95
95
19 -96
96
19 -97
97
19 -98
98
19 -99
99
20 00
00
20 -01
01
20 -02
02
20 -03
03
20 -04
04
20 -05
05
-0
6
R&D Expenditure
Rs Million
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
Source: PCST
17
19
88
19 89
89
19 90
90
19 91
91
19 92
92
19 93
93
19 94
94
19 95
95
19 96
96
19 97
97
19 98
98
19 99
99
20 00
00
20 01
01
20 02
02
20 03
03
20 04
04
20 05
05
-0
6
R&D Expenditure as Percent of GDP
Percent
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Source: PCST
18
Share of Different Funding Sources in
Total R&D Expenditure
Higher
Education
23.47%
International
Research
Grants
0.69%
Source: PCST
Not
Distributed
1.50%
Government
74.34%
19
Field-Wise Expenditure of
R&D Organizations
Defence Science
and Technology
2.75%
Others
5.85%
Agriculture,
Livestock and
Fisheries
39.96%
Health
25.98%
Earth Sciences
3.37%
Forestry
3.91%
Source: PCST
Industrial
Research
9.09%
Engineering and
Technology
6.82%
S&T Services
2.27%
20
Field-Wise Expenditure of
Higher Education Institutions
Agricultural
Universities
16.75%
Engineering
Universities
20.57%
General
Universities
61.48%
Source: PCST
Medical
Universities
1.20%
21
Information Technology
Number of IT companies
Number of companies ISO-certified
Number of foreign IT & Telecom
companies working in Pakistan
Industry size – (according to a
preliminary study undertaken by
PSEB)
IT and IT-enabled services export in
year 2005-2006
Growth in exports over the last one
year
Export targets for the current fiscal
year 2005-2006
Source: PSEB
675 (Registered PSEB
Members)
100 companies
60
US$ 2 Billion (WTO
Prescribed formula)
US$ 72.21 Million
56%
US$ 108 Million
22
Information Technology……2
Number of IT graduates produced per About 20,000
year
Number of universities offering IT / CS 110
programs
Number of IT professionals engaged
in export oriented activities (Software
development / Call centres etc.)
More than 10,000
Total number of IT professionals
employed in the country
90,000
Total IT spending in fiscal year 20052006
US$ 1.4 Billion
Source: PSEB
23
Increase in Operative Decrease in Price of
Bandwidth
the Bandwidth
Mbps
US$
800
45000
700
40000
600
35000
30000
500
25000
400
20000
300
15000
200
10000
100
5000
0
0
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2006
1997
2006
24
Spread of Internet Services in Pakistan
Numebr of
Localities
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1996
2000
2006
25
Growth of Internet Users in Pakistan
Million
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2006
26
Current S&T Policy
Initiatives
27
Main Areas of Current Initiatives
Programme Areas
No of Amount Allocated
Projects
(Rs million)
Human Resource Development
Upgradation of R&D Infrastructure
and Launching of R&D
Programmes
Technology Development and
Industrialization
Strengthening of Policy,
Coordination and Management
Structure
162
9602.64
114
3932.07
66
2638.36
11
80.51
Information Technology
83
2638.81
Total
436
18892.39
*Estimate of PSDP for the financial year 2006-07
28
Human Resource Development

Indigenous PhD Programme
 Merit Scholarship Scheme for PhD in S&
 Split PhD Programme
 Post-Doctoral Fellowship Programme
 Foreign Scholarships for PhD
● Teachers and Researchers Overseas Scholarship Scheme
(200 scholarships per year)
● PhD Scholarships in Natural and Basic Sciences, China
(50 scholarships)
● PhD Scholarships in Engineering Sciences, China
(40 scholarships)
● PhD Scholarships for Engineering, Sciences and Technology,
Austria (40 scholarships)
● PhD Scholarships in Natural and Basic Sciences, France
(40 scholarships)
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Human Resource Development……2
● PhD Scholarships in Engineering and S&T, Germany
(40 scholarships)
● MS / MPhil leading to PhD in Engineering, Natural and Basic
Sciences, Humanities, Social Sciences for Teachers of Weaker
Universities (100 scholarships)







Availing Services of Expatriate Pakistani Scientists and
Engineers and Foreign Academicians
Curriculum Development at Graduate and Post-graduate Leve
Strengthening of Polytechnics (Introduction of New
Technologies / Trades in 6 Selected Institutions)
Training of Laboratory Technicians
Participation of Scientists and Technologists in International
Conferences, Seminars etc.
Special S&T Allowance
Research Productivity Allowance
30
Up-Gradation of R&D Infrastructure
and Launching of R&D Programmes

Peer Review of R&D Organizations

Restructuring of R&D Organizations

Increase in the Recurring Budget of R&D
organizations

Repair and Maintenance of Laboratory Equipment

National Science Libraries

Establishment of Endowment Funds for Engineering
Universities

Support for Scientific Societies

R&D Programmes in Priority Areas
31
Technology Development and
Industrialization

Pakistan Technology Board
 Technology Development Fund

Venture Capital Fund
 Technology Cluster Centres

Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority

Establishment of Pakistan National Accreditation Council

Crash Awareness Raising and Training Programme in
Quality Management

Industrial Analytical Centres

Science and Technology for Economic Development
32
Strengthening of Policy, Coordination
and Management Structure

Strengthening of MoST and PCST

Improving Provincial Coordination

Enhancing International Cooperation
33
Information Technology

Human Resource Development

Enabling Measures

E-Government

Industry Support

Policy Initiatives to Encourage Foreign Direct
Investment
34
Human Resource Development









Seven new IT universities
Virtual University has been
Funding public sector degree-awarding institutes to
increase the intake of Bachelors and Masters in IT
Faculty of international caliber invited to join local
universities
Large number of scholarships for Bachelors and
Masters
Promotion of IT education at school and college level
Short training in basic IT education, in Medical
Transcription, Cisco and Legal Transcription
Projects for training high level IT professionals (PhDs)
National Testing Service similar to GRE and SAT
35
Enabling Measures

IT Law: facilitate e-commerce and provides a legal
cover to on-line transactions requiring digital
signature and authentication

Accreditation of IT Education: supported by an
Ordinance
36
E-Government





The web portal for the Government of Pakistan, web
sites of 34 Federal Ministries / Divisions and 3 special
purpose websites developed
Office Automation of Government Ministries
Automation of Salary withdrawal of Federal
Employees from ATMs
The automation of the District Governments (2 model
districts in each of the 4 provinces and Azad Jammu
& Kashmir)
Internal Email and Mail Tracking system for improving
the accountability of action handling and speeding up
intra-ministerial communication
37
Industry Support






Quality Standards: subsidize to IT companies in
preparing for certifications for ISO 9001 and CMM
Assistance to local IT companies in international
marketing
Assistance in execution of business plans for domestic
marketing (remove bottlenecks, and organize local IT
events and exhibitions)
An information centre for IT industry with an up-to-date
library in major cities
Industrial Automation programme
Measures to increase investment in IT industry (IT
infrastructure, education, medical & legal transcription,
IT call centres and wireless communications)
38
Policy Incentives to Encourage FDI






Reduction in bandwidth rates from US$ 43,500 per
month per Mbps to US$ 2,000 per month per Mbps
15-year income tax exemption for IT companies
Income tax rebate of 50% on income of IT
professionals
Software exporting companies are allowed to retain
35% of their earnings in foreign currency accounts
Reduction in royalties charged on Payphone
companies from 4% to 1.5% and ISPs from 1.5% to
0.66%
ISPs intending to start business in the province of
Balochistan get a reduction of 50% in their license fee
for 5 years
39
Policy Incentives to Encourage FDI………2






Zero percent import duty on computers and computer
parts
Full repatriation allowed for capital gains, dividends
and profits
Processing period for license applications in the
deregulated sector reduced from 12 months to 7 days
only
Tax relief for first year allowance @ 90% of machinery
cost (50% on equipment for IT services)
Seven-year income tax holiday to Venture-Capital
Funds
Deregulation of several financially attractive IT and
telecom value-added services
40
Biotechnology
Thrust Areas of Biotechnology Policy
 Human Resource Development
 Research and Development
 Marine Biotechnology
 Industrial Biotechnology
 Health
 Agriculture
 Environment
 Bioinformatics
 Public Awareness
 IPR and Ethical Considerations
41
Thank You
Composition of NCST
Chairman
Vice Chairman
Member/Secretary
Prime Minister of Pakistan
Minister for S&T
Chairman, PCST
Other Members
 Minister for Finance
 Minister for Agriculture
 Minister for Industries
 Minister for Education
 Provincial Ministers for S&T (4)
 Deputy Chairman, Planning
Commission
 Secretary, S&TR Division
 Secretary, IT&Telecom Division
 Secretary, Ministry of Education
 President, Pakistan Academy of
Sciences
 Chairman, Pakistan Engineering
Council
 Chairman, Higher Education
Commission
 Chairman, Pakistan Atomic Energy
Commission
 Chairman, Pakistan Council for
Scientific and Industrial Research
 Chairman, Pakistan Agricultural
Research Council
 President, Federation of Pakistan
Chambers of Commerce & Industry
 Scientists/Technologists nominated
by Prime Minister (3)
 Industrialists nominated by Prime
Minister (2)
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