Transcript Document

Engineering Environment in Pakistan
Changing Role of Chemical / Mechanical
Engineers
Contributors to Engineering
Scenarios
Process
Industry
Govt. Legislation
+
Taxes
Issues
Of
Environment
Govt. Statistics
Availabilities of
Raw material and
Utilities
Regional
Opportunities
Business
&
Financing
Market
Imports / Exports
Human
Resource
Technical / Engg.
Universities
Manufacturing
Industries
Consumers Goods
& Formulations
Industry
Economic Indicators of the Country
S.N Indicators
o.
2004- 200505
06
1
Population (Million)
152.53
153.45
2
Per capita income (US $)
736.00
847.00
3
Exports (Billion US $)
14.39
8.07
4
Imports (Billion US $)
20.60
13.65
5
Trade balance (Billion US $)
-6.21
-5.58
6
GDP Growth Rate (%)
8.40
7.00
7
Industrial Sector (growth rate)
10.20
8.00
8
Manufacturing Sector (growth rate)
12.50
9.00
Continue…
S.No. Indicators
2004-05 2005-06
9
Large scale manufacturing
15.60
9.00
10
Small scale manufacturing
6.00
-
Share in GDP
11
Industrial sector
24.50
25.10
12
Manufacturing sector
18.30
17.90
13
Agriculture sector
23.10
22.50
14
Service sector
52.40
52.10
15
Consumer price index (%)
9.28
8.43
Future Visual Domain of an Engineer
Major Issues in the West
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Design for Safety (Changing practices)
Sustainable Development
Environment
Ergonomics
Research and Development
Other challenges include
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Resource recycling
 Energy conservation
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Energy storage
 Alternative energy
1. Design for Safety
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Acceptable risk
Residual risk
Risk assessment
Potential risk
Hazard
Inherent Safety Strategies
(& Intrinsic Safety)
Minimize….use smaller quantities of hazardous substances
( Minimize storage/inventory,pipe sizes,vessel sizes,buffer capacities.
It significantly reduced fire & explosion index, risk index, etc.)
 Substitute…. replace a material with less hazardous substance
 Moderate ….use less hazardous form/conditions for using substances
(liquid/solid/pellet/pastes)
 Simplify….design processes & facilities to avoid unnecessary
complexity that are tolerant to human error.
 Layer protection….equipment can fail and people can make mistakes,
whatever training is undertaken. Build safety at designing stage is
desired in layers.
 Intensification of processes….high intensity mixers, spinning disks,
compact exchangers, micro reaction technology, structured
catalyst and better control.
The probability of accidents is to be reduced and ultimately eliminated
If an accident can happen it will !
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2. Sustainable Development
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Sustainable development is the development that meets the
needs of the present generation without comprising the
ability of future generation to meet their own needs.
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Sustainable development is not a fixed state of harmony,
but a process of change in which the exploitation of
resources, direction of investment and the orientation of
technology are constituent with the present & future.
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Some of the drivers for sustainable development are
 Environmental issues
 Socio-economic issues
Typical Examples for Sustainability

Use of high chimneys to avoid acidic flue gases.
 CFC effects ozone layer replaced with HFC
 MTBE replaced in gasoline instead of TEL.
Today the Technology has to deal with different system levels, e.g.
Sr.
No.
System
Major discipline involved
1
World biotic and abiotic
Ecology, politics, physics, Chemistry
2
Social infrastructure
Social science, politics, economy, law, ecology,
civil-engineering, city, architecture and landscape
3
Industrial complex
Civil Engineering, economics, law
4
Process / Unit operation
Chemical Engineering
5
Equipment
Chemical and Mechanical Engineering
6
Catalyst
Chemistry, Physics, Chemical Engineering
3-5 Environment Ergonomics and R & D
Similarly the issues of Environment, Ergonomic
Design & Development is the focus of Research and
Development.
The availability of new technology, measurement
techniques and customers demand is leading to
Research & Development to enhance suppliers
capability.
Customers
Demand
Suppliers
Capability
A typical Model for Sustainable Development with System
based tools for Environmental Managements is
ARTICULATION OF PEOPLE’S VALUES
Recognize
Problem
Technological
Options
Economic
Appraisal
Define &
Frame
SYNTHESIS
Scientific
Assessment
Implementation
Analysis
Formulate
Objectives
Risk
Assessment
Review
DECISION
Major Issues in Pakistan
1.
2.
3.
4.
Men, Money, Machines & Information
Manufacturing Processes
Innovations
Research and Development
1(a). Human Resource (Men)
Proper Education & Training is desired.
1(b). Financial Resource
 The
money supply in the country has been
irregular.
 The financial institutions are not mature as
that in the region.
 The Government procedure are too
cumbersome.
1(c). Machines & Information
2. Manufacturing Processes
3-4. Innovations and R & D
 Research
on indigenous problems.
 Solution oriented innovations.
 New development based on research.
“Every Problem is an Opportunity”
The Opportunity we are going to address in
this seminar is targeted to.
“Design and Development in Chemical/
Mechanical Engineering”
Some of the Design
Organizations in Pakistan
 DESCON
 JGC
 Haseeb Waqas
Engineering Limited
 Pakistan Steel Fabricated Co-operation
Limited, Karachi
 HMC, Taxila
 Pakistan Aeronautical Complex
Some of the Fabrication
Companies in Pakistan
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DDFC
HI Tech
HMC
Machine Tool Karachi
Karachi Shipyard
Technique Engineering Services, Lahore
Petrosin
A. Karim & Sons (Pvt) Limited
Chenab Engineering
Crown Engineering
Material Craft
Matchless Engineering (PVT) Limited
Engineering Associates
SG Engineering Limited
Process Design Methods
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Manual
Computer Aided
Changing Role of Design Engineer
1.
Product development is a cross-functional knowledge-intensive work
that has become increasingly important in the fast-paced globally
competitive environment.
2.
The traditional role of design engineers in product development was
limited to technical design decision. As product development efforts
use cross-functional teams and knowledge sharing, the Design
Engineers are required to do more and to know more.
3.
As a firm shifts towards integrated product development, the
functions (R & D, marketing, engineering and manufacturing etc)
operate in a collaborative manner. Barriers to communication are
removed, Knowledge is properly transferred and complex problems
are resolved in a timely manner.
(A diagrammatical relationship is shown on next slide)
Clarity of
Projects Targets
(Clarity)
Role Change of
Design Engineers
(RCDE)
Product Development
Productivity
(DEVPROD)
Shared Knowledge
about Customers
(SKCUST)
Role of Engineer in Equipment
Fabrication
 A Project
Manager (A leader & Integrator)
 A Specialist (Source of Knowledge)
 An Inventor (Creativity & Innovation)
Major Human Skills Desired
Defining Skills
( Technical Domain )
Enabling Skills
(Social Domain )
Theoretical Understanding
Communication
Practical Application
Team-working
Technical Breadth
Business Skills
Creativity and Innovation
Average Importance of Skills
Engineers as Opportunity
Generators
 Acquiring Technology.
 Innovation Chain.
 Linking Research
with Market.
 Networking.
 Strategic Alliances.
Some of factors that contribute to a
unique opportunity for Pakistan are:
 Hardworking, educated
cheap human
resources.
 Liberal financial policies for investment.
 Software Design through establishment of
Design Centres/ Companies.
 Fabrication of equipment at significantly
cheap rates.
Way Ahead
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Equip the human resource with the desired
technical knowledge and skills
 Provide opportunity of work in the country
through local and international collaboration.
 Establish design and development capabilities in
the country (like design centers being established
in India, China and far east)
 Development of pro-active approach in all
domains with proper legislation for effective
quality assurance and safe operating opportunities
for continuous development.