Transcript EOC Review: Government

EOC Review: Government
#1.13: The student understands the spatial
characteristics of a variety of political units
A) Interpret maps to explain
the division of land,
including man-made
materials & natural borders,
into separate political units
such as cities, states or
countries
B) Compare maps of voting
patterns or political
boundaries to make
inferences the distribution
of power.
Why do we have government?
 Political Power- The power to control or force
behavior.
 Political Region/Political Unit- The area that a
government controls.
 Sovereignty/Sovereign GovernmentGovernment that is not subject to any higher
governmental authority
Levels of government
• When there is a
clash between local
or state government,
the national
government is
supreme!
National
State
County
City
Local
Political Boundaries
Governments set up clear boundaries & exercise their
power within these boundaries, creating political units
 Political maps show political units (countries) & their
borders
 Political power is distributed spatially within a
political region or unit
 How are borders determined?
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Physical Features (like rivers, mountains, lakes, seas, and
oceans)
Historical Circumstances or Political Agreement

Many examples of how borders have changed over time due to
conquest/war, treaties, wars, purchases, etc.
1.14: The student understands the processes that influence
political divisions, relationships & policies
 B) Compare how
democracy, dictatorship,
monarchy, republic,
theocracy, and totalitarian
systems operate in specific
countries
 C) analyze the human &
physical factors that
influence the power to
control territory &
resources, create
conflict/war, and impact
international political
relations of sovereign
nations such as China, US,
Japan & Russia and
organized nation groups
such as the United Nations
(UN) & European Union
(EU)
Autocracy
 Single person has all the
power
Oldest and most
common
 Get power from
inheritance, or force
(military, police)

 Two types:
Totalitarian
Dictatorship
 Monarchy

Autocracy
 Totalitarian Dictatorship
Controls all aspects of
society & economy
 People have no say, no
power to limit ruler’s
actions

Ex’s: Hitler, Stalin,
Mussolini, Kim
Jong Un
Autocracy
 Monarchy
 Absolute
monarch
(king/queen) has all
power
 Typically
inherited
 Ex’s: Saudi Arabia
 Constitutional
monarch
shares power with
legislative branch
 Ex’s:
UK, Japan
Oligarchy
 Small group of people who hold power
 Gets power by wealth, military, social position,
religion
 Mostly in communist countries
Leaders
 Most
of communist party
opposition is suppressed
Democracy
Leaders rule with consent of the people (popular
sovereignty)
Comes
from Greek words ‘demos’=people, and
‘kratia’=rule
 Two types:
 Direct
 Representative
Democracy
 Direct- citizens vote and decide on all issues
directly
 No
country has direct
 Can only occur in small groups
 Representative- citizens elect reps to make
decisions based on their needs
 Republics
have ALL* officials elected
 Ex’s: USA, France, UK
 UK
is a democracy with a constitutional monarch
Representative Democracy: a little more detail
Parliamentary Monarchy:
United Kingdom
A hereditary is the head of
state, but works with an
elected parliament (group)
who makes laws
Queen Elizabeth
II of the United
Kingdom
•UK = Great Britain +
Northern Ireland
•GB = England,
Scotland & Wales
Republic
People elect all representatives
(Congress!), but these
representatives make
important decisions/laws for
them
President Barack
Obama of the
United States of
America
Balance of Power
There is a constant competition for international power.
The goal: equal balance
 Several factors influence how much power an
individual nation actually has:
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Size of a country (area)
Population of a country
Education level (influences eco. Development)
How large & well-equipped the army is
Physical features (& resources!)
Productivity of the country’s economy
 U.S., China, Russia & Japan come to mind as having
a huge amount of influence on the world
“Associations” of countries that influence national
relations
 United Nations (UN)
 Organization of all of the sovereign states of the world
 Founded after WWII
 Goals:
Promote peace
 Prevent war
 Encourage development of all nations


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All members belong to General Assembly
Only a few belong to the UN Security Council: U.S, China,
Russia, Britain, France

Power to send UN peace-keeping forces out of area of conflict
 European Union (EU)

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Economic & political
union of European
member states
Goal:


Common currency
(Euro)
Free movement of
people & goods from
country to country
#1.15: Citizenship
The student understands how different points of view influence the development
of public policies and decision-making processes on local, state, national, and
international levels
 A) Identify and give
examples of different points
of view that influence the
development of public
policies and decisionmaking processes on local,
state, national, and
international levels
 B) Explain how citizenship
practices, public policies,
and decision making may be
influenced by cultural
beliefs, including
nationalism and patriotism.
How POVs affect government decisions:
 Government policy consists of a series of decisions &
actions on a particular issue or topic
 Different points of view frequently influence the
development of public policies & decisions

Local, state & national governments
 Cultural beliefs (nationalism & patriotism) influence
citizenship practices, public policies & decisionmaking processes
 Different points of view also affect policies &
decision-making at the international level, between
nations.
Governments often make decisions using a decisionmaking process…
1- Identify/Define the problem
2- Gather Information
3- List Options
4- Consider Advantages and Disadvantages of EACH
option
5- Choose/Implement your solution (TAKE ACTION)
6- Evaluate the Effectiveness of your choice (happens
later.
Nationalism vs. Patriotism
Nationalism
Patriotism
 Belief that each people or
 Loyalty and support for
ethnic group, known as a
nation, should have its own
government and nationstate

Usually leads to violence
against those that seem to
prevent a group from getting
their own sovereignty.
one’s country. It is the belief
that citizens should obey
their country’s laws and rally
to its defense.

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Look at what happened after
9/11…people were
volunteering to go fight for our
freedom.
Look at what happens in the
Olympics or World Cup