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1. Protect the environment 2. Solve Problems (social conflict) 3. Preserve culture (protection) 4. Pass laws (maintain order) 5. Set goals (stable economy) 6. Distribute benefits (public services) FORCE- If a government is overthrown by force, the new ruling group is sometimes called a revolutionary government. DIVINE RIGHT THEORYpower from heredity- inherit it from God (mainly 15th-18th C) SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY- free people unite –people can break or enter contract whenever they want EVOLUTIONARY-elders rule/developed from the family unit (oligarchy- small group of people rule) 3 Types of Governments Unitary Government • Oldest • Most Common • One Central Power Confederate Government • Weak Central Government • Individual states/local governments autonomous (independent) • Local governments join or withdraw by choice! Federal Systems • Power is divided and shared between a central government and local governments. • The central government is supreme! • Union can be maintained by force!! Types of Political Systems Machiavelli Machiavelli’s name is synonymous with tough and dirty politics Author of The Prince. One of history’s first political scientists. Machiavelli Quotes:“The ends justify the means.” “It is better to be feared than loved.” “By no means can a prudent ruler keep his word. Because all men are bad and do not keep promises to you, you likewise do not have to keep your promises to them.” Democracy Democracy- power is held by the people/ they can vote Greeks invented democracy- demos(mob) cracy (rule) 1. Direct Democracy : majority makes the law (one man one vote) Problems 1. Impractical for reasons of time, expertise How do you get 300 million people to vote multiple times per day on issues they no nothing about? 2. Masses of people make unwise decisions based on emotions (Hitler was elected) Republic or Representative Democracy A republic is a country that has no monarch. Representative (aka Republic)- elected representatives – Roman contribution 2 types of republics: • Presidential- separate branches and they function independently parliamentary- branches overlap/have a prime minister to out laws. Autocracy Government by a single person having unlimited power; despotism (domination through threat of punishment and violence) . Oligarchy A government in which a few people such as a dominant clan or clique have power. Monarchy A monarchy has a king, queen, emperor or empress. The ruling position can be passed on to the ruler’s heirs. In some traditional monarchies, the monarch has absolute power. But a constitutional monarchy, like the UK, also has a democratic government that limits the monarch's control. Dictatorship A country ruled by a single leader. The leader has not been elected and may use force to keep control. In a military dictatorship, the army is in control. Anarchy Anarchy is a situation where there is no government. This can happen after a civil war in a country, when a government has been destroyed and rival groups are fighting to take its place. Anarchists are people who believe that government is a bad thing in that it stops people organizing their own lives. Pick the illegitimate leader!!! A.) Bush B.) Calderon D.) Putin C.) Ahmedinejad Type of Economic systems- the ways in which material needs are met. Capitalist In a capitalist or free-market country, people can own their own businesses and property. People can also buy services for private use, such as healthcare. But most capitalist governments also provide their own education, health and welfare services. Communist In a communist country, the government owns property such as businesses and farms. It provides its people's healthcare, education and welfare. Totalitarian This is a country with only one political party. People are forced to do what the government tells them and may also be prevented from leaving the country. Socialism In socialism, the country owns some things and the people own some things. (in Marxist theory) the stage following capitalism in the transition of a society to communism, characterized by the imperfect implementation of collectivist principles. Ready for a quiz? Play Government Squares A Game of X’s and O’s 1 2 4 7 3 5 8 6 9 Scoreboard 1 2 3 X 4 5 6 O 7 Click Here if X Wins Click Here if O Wins 8 9 1 This form of government is elected by the people and everyone is eligible to vote. 1 Home Democracy 2 A government ruled by a king, queen, emperor or empress. 2 Home Monarchy 3 A country ruled by a single leader. The leader has not been elected and may use force to keep control. 3 Home Dictatorship 4 People can own their own businesses and property. People can also buy services for private use, such as healthcare. 4 Home Capitalism 5 The government owns property such as businesses and farms and provides its people's healthcare, education and welfare. 5 Home Communism 6 A situation where there is no government. 6 Home Anarchy 7 The ruling group that forms when a government is overthrown by force. 7 Home Revolutionary 8 A government in which a few people such as a dominant clan or clique have power. 8 Home Oligarchy 9 A country that has no monarch, but is headed by an elected president or official is a ________. 9 Home Republic Resources The Democracy Project BBC Types of Government World Population Under Various Governments Dictator for A Day Types of Governments