Transcript 黃清郁 劉景秋 Ching-Yu (Austin) Huang Jing-Chiou Liou

劉景秋
Jing-Chiou Liou
Deaprtment of Computer
Science
Kean University
黃清郁
Ching-Yu (Austin) Huang
Center for Pharmacogenomics and
Complex Disease Research
New Jersey Dental School, UMDNJ
Heritage Chinese Schools in US
 Two systems
 正體字Traditional Characters
 簡體字Simplified Characters
 Student population
 Parents are from Taiwan
 Parents are from China
 Parents are Oversea Chinese
 Parents are not oversea Chinese
Heritage Chinese Schools in US
(cont.)
 Operation model
 Weekend schedule
 Run by students’ parents
 中文學校 Heritage Chinese schools in New Jersey, US
 Over 128,000 Chinese population in New Jersey by 2008
 Student population varies from dozens to four hundred
 Tuition and fee ranging US$300 - $400 per year
 Voluntary school officials
Trend of Chinese Education in US
 Chinese classes in K-12 school districts:
 中文雙語班Chinese as Second Language (CSL)
 中文課程Mandarin in world languages in English school
 SAT-II Chinese
 AP-Chinese test
 發音Pronunciation
 注音符號Zhu-yin
 漢語拼音Han-yu
 Teaching resources:
 師資Lack of certified teachers
Challenges
For Weekend Chinese Schools
 資源Resources restrictions
 Increased operation cost
 營運Unstable policy and teaching methodology
 Frequently changing school officers
 Textbooks adoption
 雙軌Dual tracks issue
 Decreased student population in regular track
 Increased CSL population
 師資Difficulty in recruiting CSL teachers
 CSL teachers require both Chinese and English skills
CSL Program in Chinese Schools
 中文雙語班 CSL Program becomes popular in the past
5 years.
 學生來源 Sources of CSL students
 A Mandarin -speaking Chinese family
 A non- Mandarin -speaking Chinese family
 A second generation Chinese family
 Adopted Chinese child in non-Chinese family
 A non-Chinese family
Challenges For the CSL Program
 師資變動Frequent changes of teachers and staff
increase the difficulty to maintain a stable CSL
program.
 學生程度A CSL class usually consists of students of
different ages and a wide range of Chinese skill levels.
 家長預期心態Various expectations from students’
parents in CSL program.
Conventional Language Learning
Methodologies
 傳統教室Face-to-face classroom
 錄音帶Electronic audio recording devices (audio tape)
 錄影帶Electronic video recording devices (video tape)
 視聽教室Audio/video classroom
 CD/DVD
 電腦Computer
 網路The Internet
Issues on Conventional Language
Learning Methodologies
 無邊界學習 Classroom instruction does not support an
offline language learning, especially for pronunciation.
 互動教學 Interactive learning in a classroom does not
appear in those electronic methodologies.
 趣味學習It is difficult, bored and unefficient to have
young children to study a new language alone.
Integrated Computer-Aided
Language Leanring Environment
 兼而有之Take the advantages from both the classroom
instruction and modern techlogies.
 多元化學習 Can integrate different forms of teaching
materials seamlessly.
 無邊界學習 Students can review those teaching
materials beyond the classroom and class hours
ICALLE –
Basic Configuration
 手提電腦 Laptop computer
 The multimedia center stores files and provides A/V
effects.
 投影機 Portable projector
 800x600 resolution
 擴音喇叭 Amplified computer speakers
 Capable of delivering adequate volume.
 學校網站 A school web site that provides all teaching
materials online.
ICALLE –
Enhanced Configuration
 Equipments from the basic configuration.
 網路 The Internet connection
 Landline or Wi-Fi
 多媒體無邊界學習Teacher can go beyond the teaching
materials available within the classroom.
 網路教材Some materials are available online but cannot
be converted and stored in a computer.
 電子書(僑委會)Many Oversea Chinese Affair
Commission (OCAC) online E-books.
ICALLE –
Advanced Configuration
 整合學習環境Capable of offering webcasting,
podcasting, and collabrating learning environment.
 語言電腦教室 A computerized classroom
 Computers for both instructor and students
 Network connection and a server
 互動環境 Interactive environment
 隨時隨地Students can view any time the lecture notes
that are on the server.
 線上問答Students can enter any questions while viewing
the lecture, notes the teacher will receive an notice when
such event occures.
Case Study –
Fidelity Chinese School (FCS)
 A non-profit organization founded in Marlboro, New
Jersey, in 1994. http://www.njfcs.org/
 Objectives: Teaching and promoting Chinese language
and cultures.
 家長參與 Many enthusiastic parents have joined in
teaching and/or becoming administrative staff.
 Participated in many community events
 國樂團 Chinese orchestra
 扯鈴 Strong Chinese Yo-Yo team
 舞龍隊與中國民俗舞蹈 Dragon team & folk dance
FCS Language Programs
 FCS language programs
 正規班Regular program: A
literature-based curriculum
teaches students Chinese
skills in listening, speaking,
reading, and writing.
 雙語班CSL program: A
conversation-based
curriculum emphasizes on
basic Mandarin conversation
skill.
Regular
Chinese as a Second
Language (CSL)
Pre-K (學前班)
K (幼班)
Grade 1 (一年級)
Grade 2 (二年級)
Grade 3 (三年級)
Grade 4 (四年級)
Grade 5 (五年級)
Grade 6 (六年級)
CSL-Beginner
(雙語初級班)
CSL-Intermediate
(雙語中級班)
CSL-Advanced
(雙語高級班)
Grade 7 (七年級)
Grade8 (八年級)
H1 (高年級一班)
H2 (高年級二班)
H3 (高年級三班)
H4 (高年級四班)
CSL-Conversation
(雙語會話班)
FCS CSL Curriculum
 初級班 CSL-Beginner:
 Curriculum focuses on Chinese 1-10, 100, 1000, phonetics
and other basic words for body and family relationship.
 The class has 25 % Chinese usage in instruction.
 中級班 CSL-Intermediate:
 華語五百字 Textbook: Speak Mandarin in Five Hundred
Words. Lesson 1-15 is recommended for two years of
classroom instruction.
 25 – 50% Chinese usage in instruction.
FCS CSL Curriculum (cont.)
 高級班 CSL-Advanced:
 華語五百字 Textbook: Speak Mandarin in Five Hundred
Words. Lesson 16 - 30 is recommended for two years of
classroom instruction.
 可轉入正規班After completing the 1st year in Advance
class, qualify student who is willing to transfer into
regular program can apply for a placement test.
 結業 Students wish to continue on CSL program after
two-year study in Advance class can be moved into
Conversation class.
 50 – 75% Chinese usage in instruction. Computer and
projector are used for multimedia presentation.
FCS CSL Curriculum (cont.)
 會話班 Conversation class:
 華語一千字與旅遊中文開口說Textbook: Speak
Mandarin in One Thousand Words and Everyday
Chinese for Travelers (Far Eastern).
 會話日夜 Class focuses on Chinese daily conversation
skills.
 無修業年限 No limitation on the years of study, but
students usually complete their study for college bound.
FCS CSL Program Management
 學生人數CSL studnet population has to be maintained
at a manageable level (about 1/4 of total population).
 分班 CSL students are grouped based on their Chinese
proficiency.
 教學法 Capable of providing a teaching methodology
with modern technology to improve the effectiness
and efficiency.
 助教Each CSL class is assigned a teaching assistant.
 學習模式A spiral learning model is applied in CSL
program.
結論
 一套妥善整合課程大綱和班級架構以便可以銜接不同
程度學生的教學方式是海外中文學習，特別是對於中
文雙語班而言，成功的重要因素。
 整合式電腦輔助語言學習環境可以有效改善海外中文
學習成效。
 海外中文師資仍然是個問題。