Transcript Document 7174649

The Experience of the
Development of Science,
Technology and Innovation
Policy in Kenya
Crispus M. Kiamba
Permanent Secretary
Ministry of Science & Technology
Presentation to the Global Forum on Building Science,
Technology and Innovation Capacity for Sustainable Growth
and Poverty Reduction
Washington, D.C.
12-15 February 2007
Outline
• The National Economic Council and the Establishment of
the Inter-Ministerial Taskforce on STI
• Recognition of the crucial role of STI in development
• STI Linkages with the Economy and Sector Working
Groups and Lead Institutions
• The Creation of the Ministry of Science and Technology
• STI and the Kenya Vision 2030
• The Status of STI
• STI Strategic Issues
• The Way Forward
Ministry of Science & Technology
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The National Economic Council (NESC)
and
the Inter-Ministerial Taskforce
• On September 2005 NESC agreed on the crucial of STI
in the economy and proceeded to establish an InterMinisterial Taskforce on STI
• To review the policies and strategies related to science,
technology and innovation for Kenya
• Clearly this was in recognition of the role of STI in
national development and global competitiveness
 The ability to create, access, comprehend, select, adapt,
distribute and exploit knowledge (S&T) is usually the determinant
of material well-being and quality of life, and has made possible
the significant reductions of poverty, wealth creation,
improvements in the quality of life and competitiveness of a
society
 In particular, there was a recognition that achievement of MDGs
depends largely on the use of STI
Ministry of Science & Technology
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The Taskforce TOR
 Review existing policies affecting STI and their
applications in the country
 Review the resources (physical, human, and
financial) relating to STI in the country
 Review the institutional capacities available for use of
STI
 Suggest policies to promote the use of STI in
business and national development
 Review the relevance of the current STI education
needs to national needs
 Identify the financing gaps for STI in various areas
 Propose how to nurture values which promote the
learning of STI in schools and institutions of learning
Ministry of Science & Technology
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Taskforce Anticipated Output
• A report - a new National Science , Technology
and Innovation Policy - detailing the status of
science and technology in the country in terms
of:–
–
–
–
–
Human, physical and financial capacities
Indication of available technologies
Scientific inputs and innovations
Technological, institutional and financial gaps
Recommendations and the way forward on the
strategies to be adopted for harnessing science and
technology for development.
Ministry of Science & Technology
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The Ministry of Science and
Technology (MoST)
• The MoST established late 2005
• Immediately took over the co-ordination of the
the exercise of the development STI Policy
– including an effective National Innovation System (NIS)
• Continued the use of the Inter-Ministerial
Taskforce and Sector Working Groups (SWGs)
– worked in close consultation with the NESC
• The SWGs a reflection of close links between
STI and the economy
Ministry of Science & Technology
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Basis of Sector Working Groups
STI Linkages to the Economy
SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY
AND
INNOVATION
Ministry of Science & Technology
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Sector Working Groups &
Lead Institutions
• Existing Policies
• Education
– (Kenya Institute for Public
Policy Research)
• Agriculture and Rural
Development
– (Kenya Agricultural Research
Institute)
• Health and Medical Services
– (Kenya Medical Research
Institute)
• Industry and Entrepreneurship
– (Kenya Industrial Research
and Development Institute)
– (Kenya Institute of Education)
• Information and
Communication Technology
– (E-Government Office)
• Physical Infrastructure
– (Ministry of Public Works)
• Natural Resource
Management
– (Kenya Forestry Research
Institute)
• Energy
– (Ministry of Energy)
Ministry of Science & Technology
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Tentative STI Vision
A country that uses science, technology and
innovation to foster national development and
global competitiveness
Objective/Mission
To ensure that science, technology and innovation
are mainstreamed in the various sectors and
processes of the economy
Ministry of Science & Technology
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STI and the Kenya Vision 2030
• STI seen as a fundamental element of the
achievement of the country’s evolving new
Vision 2030
Proposed Kenya Vision 2030
“A globally competitive and prosperous nation
with a high quality of life by 2030”
Ministry of Science & Technology
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The Vision, the Three Pillars, and STI
The Overarching vision
Vi
si
on
Strateg
y
Strategy
Master Plan
Plans and
implement
ation
A globally competitive and prosperous nation
with a high quality of life by 2030
Economic
Social
Political
To maintain a
sustained
economic
growth of 10%
p.a. over the
next 25 years
A just and
cohesive society
enjoying equitable
social
development in a
clean and secure
environment
An issue-based,
people-centered,
result-oriented,
and accountable
democratic
political system
Implementation
Science, Technology & Innovation
Ministry of Science & Technology
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STI underpins every one of the
three pillars
Economic, Social, & Political
• S&T capabilities determine the ability to, e.g.,
–
–
–
–
–
–
provide clean water and improved sanitation
improved health care
adequate infrastructure
safer food and increased agricultural productivity
better management of disasters
improved quality and increase access to education
through modern technology
– new and efficient sources of energy,
Ministry of Science & Technology
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Kenya’s STI Status
Benchmarking Kenya’s STI Performance
• The Indicators used to benchmark or evaluate
international performance of Kenya’s STI policy
and regulatory framework
– Technology Achievement Index (TAI)
• Captures data on the performance of countries in creating
and diffusing technology and in building a human skills base
– The ArCo Technology Index
• Captures three main dimensions of technological capabilities:
the creation of technology; the diffusion of technology; and
the development of human skills
– Mathematics, English and Science Performance
• This evaluation is not concluded…
Ministry of Science & Technology
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Kenya’s STI Status
Explanation for Low Status
• The sector working groups (SWGs) have
identified a number of issues that inhibited the
effective mainstreaming of science, technology
and innovation in the various sectors:
– Ineffective high-level S&T leadership and ownership
– Lack of long term strategic planning perspective
• Lack of coherence, consistence and efficiency of STI
policies
– Absence of a strong and explicit legal and policy
framework on STI development
– Poor understanding/utilization of national/indigenous
knowledge/technologies/capacities
Ministry of Science & Technology
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Explanation for Low STI Status (Cont..)
– Lack of links between enterprise, communities and R& D
institutions – a weak “triple helix” (interactive collaboration
between universities, industry and the state/government)
environment
– Poor capacity to acquire global knowledge and ineffective
linkages between knowledge, technology and production with
global counterparts
– Unfavourable national endogenous STI environment (Limited
funding; Limited public awareness of the role of STI in
development; Unfavourable STI climate)
– Weak governance [i.e., existence of market-enhancing
governance structure (MEGS)] which is the basis of an effective
and sustainable STI (a stable macroeconomic framework; open
markets and; secure private property rights; developed
intellectual property regime; a secure politico-institutional
foundation for formulating and implementing policy and enforcing
regulations,etc)
Ministry of Science & Technology
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Strategic STI Issues
•
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
STI governance framework
Strengthening infrastructure for STI
Human resource development
Technology development, transfer and diffusion
Indigenous resources and traditional knowledge
STI for disaster management
Generation and management of intellectual property
Public communication and advocacy for STI
STI integration and collaboration
Funding measures and mechanisms
Performance assessment framework
Ministry of Science & Technology
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STI Strategic Objectives
•
•
Ensure increased awareness of science, technology
and innovation in Kenya to facilitate the emergence of
Kenya as a society that harnesses and enables its
people to fully and effectively participate in the
application of science, technology and innovation for
solving problems and enhancing human welfare.
Ensure food, agricultural, nutritional, environmental,
water, health and energy security of the people
Enhance the livelihoods of the people by applying
modern and traditional knowledge as well as
capabilities through generation and widespread
application of relevant technologies in the formal and
informal sectors of the economy;
Ministry of Science & Technology
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STI Strategic Objectives (Cont..)
•
Vigorously foster scientific research in universities and
other academic, scientific, engineering and research
institutions
–
–
•
Centres of excellence will be built and maintained to raise the level of
work in selected areas to the highest international standards.
Provide necessary autonomy and freedom of functioning for all
academic, R&D and innovation institutions so that an ambience for
truly creative work is encouraged, while ensuring at the same time
that the science and technology enterprise in the country is fully
committed to its social responsibilities and commitments.
Promote the use of existing new technologies, especially platform
(generic) technologies that have broad application or impacts in
the economy (e.g., developments in ICT, biotechnology,
nanotechnology, and new materials will have profound
implications for long-term economic transformation
Ministry of Science & Technology
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STI Strategic Objectives (Cont..)
• Build a strong innovation system to support the whole process of
innovation, rather than merely R&D
– emphasising clustering and networking of interacting and/or
interconnected public and private organizations or institutions focused
on the nurturing, developing and applying, and diffusing STI in Kenya
• Attract the brightest young persons to careers in science and
technology.
– The national innovation system will be geared to ensure grooming of
Kenyans from the youngest possible age to pursue careers and
opportunities in science, engineering, technology and innovation by
conveying a sense of excitement concerning the advancing frontiers,
and by creating suitable employment opportunities for them.
• Promote the empowerment as well as full and equal participation of
women and disadvantaged persons in all science, technology and
innovation activities;
Ministry of Science & Technology
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STI Strategic Objectives (Cont..)
•
•
•
Use the full potential of science, technology and
innovation to protect, preserve, evaluate, update, add
value to, and utilize the extensive traditional
knowledge available in the various Kenyan
communities;
Accomplish national strategic and security related
objectives, by using the latest advances in science,
technology and innovation.
Substantially strengthen enabling mechanisms that
relate to technology development, evaluation,
absorption and upgradation from concept to utilization.
Ministry of Science & Technology
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STI Strategic Objectives (Cont..)
• Promote an Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) regime
that maximises the incentives for the generation and
protection of intellectual property by all types of inventors
and fosters achievement of Kenya’s national
development objectives.
– The regime would also provide a strong, supportive and
comprehensive policy environment for speedy and effective
domestic commercialization of such inventions and innovations
to maximize public good/interest;
• Ensure speedy and secure access to information, at an
affordable and competitive cost.
– Further, creation of digitized local content, that is of Kenyan
origin and character will be prioritized;
Ministry of Science & Technology
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STI Strategic Objectives (Cont..)
•
•
•
•
Promote research and application for forecasting, prevention and
mitigation of emergencies and natural hazards, particularly,
floods, landslides, drought, acts of terrorism, and epidemics;
Promote international science, technology and innovation
cooperation specifically targeted towards achieving the goals of
national development and security, and make it a key element of
our international relations;
Integrate scientific knowledge with insights from other disciplines,
and ensure fullest involvement of scientists and technologists in
national governance so that the spirit and methods of scientific
enquiry permeate deeply into all areas of public policy making;
and
Create an enabling environment for research, science, technology
and innovation through the creation and sustenance of innovative
funding mechanisms such as venture capital to fund development
of new and innovative products, processes, and systems.
Ministry of Science & Technology
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NC-STI Policy
M&E
Municipalities
and
Local Authorities
Private Sector
R&D
Other Organizations
Regional STI and
Economic Development Centers
Corporate R&D
Strategic Industrial Development
and
Incubation Institutions
Universities, Multi-faculty Universities
Business Schools, Technical Universities
Arts Schools, Military Academy
TIVET Institutions
Technology and
Science Parks
Research Institutes
Agricultural Research Centers
Industrial Research Centers
Regional Centers
of Expertise Programs
FUNDING
Business Parks and Incubators
EPZs, KIE, etc.
Private Manufacturing
and
Service Companies
Public Service Sector
State Companies
Commercial Banks
Venture Capitalists etc.
Ministry of Science & Technology
STI Policy
Formulation,
Financing
Coordination
STI FUNDS
Venture Capital Fund
STI Infrastructure Fund
INTERACTION
AND
PARTICIPATION
policy and implementation
R&D Facilitating
and Modulating
Institutions
Line
Ministries
Science & Technology
Performers
of R&D
FUNDING
National Economic and Social Council
PAC-STI
Knowledge and
Technology Transfer
THE PRESIDENT
Other
Organizations
Producers
of Goods
& Services
PARLIAMENT
General
Policy
Framework
Proposed Kenya’s National
Innovation System
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Way Forward
• A Workshop of the SWGs & Expert Resource
Persons was held on November 2006
• An early draft national STI policy document has
been developed
– With broad and sector specific and focused policy
objectives and strategies
– with a propose National Innovation System
• The establishment of some of the new institutions being fasttracked through the ongoing exercise of the review and
harmonization of the legal framework for education, training
and research
– Some of the details of STI activities and programmes
being refined and finalised by the SWGs
Ministry of Science & Technology
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Way Forward (cont..)
• About to embark on a peer review with both national and
international STI/NIS policy experts
• A final SWGs Workshop scheduled during March 2006
• A National STI Stakeholders Conference planned for end
March 2006
• Final Policy document expected during April 2006
• Cabinet and Parliamentary approval between April and
June 2006
– Cabinet Memorandum and a Sessional Paper on STI
• Launching and circulation to the stakeholders for
implementation by end June.
Ministry of Science & Technology
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The President, the Vision 2030 and
S&T
“The economic performance of any country is closely tied
to the application of science and technology... However
there is … serious limitations in application of
technology…This is a serious weakness in our
development strategy, which requires urgent attention…
It is important that the Vision Strategy which is being
developed, is geared towards enhancing Kenya’s
scientific and technological capacity, inculcating scientific
culture, and integrating science and technology in our
production and services sectors”
(Extract from the speech of H.E. Hon. Mwai Kibaki, the President of the
Republic of Kenya on the occasion of the official launch of the Vision 2030,
Nairobi, 30th October 2006)
Ministry of Science & Technology
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The end…
... Asanti sana!
Ministry of Science & Technology
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