Transcript 专题五 阅读理解

专题五
阅读理解
(2011 年广东高考)
A
In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression
in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I
have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I
see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into
my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that
it makes them happy.
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people, but
sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss
the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of
others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our
weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we
stop pretending we're brave or strong do we allow people to show
the kindness that's in them.
Last month, when I was driving home on a busy highway, I
began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind
me began to get impatient and angry, with some speeding up alongside
me, horning (按喇叭) or even shouting at me. At the moment I decided
to do something I had never done in twenty-four years of driving. I put
on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.
No more angry shouts and no more horns!
When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I
have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And
everyone understood. Several times, I saw drivers who wanted to
pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing
traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited,
knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.
Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even
when we don’t feel that way. But those are few and far
between. More often, it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel
strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we’re
scared.
26.The author has discovered that people will feel happy
when ________.
A. they offer their help
B. they receive others’ help
C. they feel others’ kindness
D. they show their weakness
27.The author feels sad sometimes because ________.
A. he has a soft heart
B. he relies much on others
C. some people pretend to be kind
D. some people fail to see the kindness in others
28.What did the other drivers do when they saw the
flashlights?
A. They speeded up to pass.
B. They waited with patience.
C. They tried their best to help.
D. They put on their flashlights too.
29.In this passage, the author advises us to ________.
A. handle problems by ourselves
B. accept help from others
C. admit our weakness
D. show our bravery
30.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Wheelchair Experience
B. Weakness and Kindness
C. Weakness and Strength
D. A Driving Experience
这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章，作者以自己的亲身经历说明，
当我们弱势时往往会引出人们的善良。文章共347 个单词，仅
有1 个超纲生词，前4 题较为容易，第30 题较难。
26.A
细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知答案，句中
的 it 指的是前文中的“the kindness in people” ，其具体行为是
“people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me
to put on my coat” ，而人们的这些行为就是 A 项的内容“they
offer their help”。
27.D
细节理解题。由第二段第一句 but 后的内容“I feel
sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see
daily”可知 D 项正确。
28.B
细节理解题。由第五段最后一句“But instead of
getting impatient and angry, they waited”可知 B 项正确。
29.C 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句“it would be better
if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend
that we are brave when we’re scared”可知 C 项正确。
30.B 主旨大意题。本题的关键是找主题句，第一段中
but, however 等表示转折的词之后的句子往往就是主题句。本文
的 主 题 句 是 “But I have found that my weakness brings out the
kindness in people.”，由此可提炼出关键的两个词 Weakness 和
Kindness。故 B 项正确。
B
Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home?
People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their
cat are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a
new recipe for success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted
before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less
than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that
the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes
interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and
dog.
However, it wasn’t all sweetness and light. There was a
reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes,
while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the
homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body
signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head
away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals
submission.
In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers
observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each
other’s language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk
‘Dog’, and dogs can learn how to talk ‘Cat’.
What’s interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to
develop their intelligence. They can learn how to read each other’s
body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common
than we previously suspected. Once familiar with each other’s
presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet
each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the
sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases
groom (梳理) each other.
The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go
beyond pets—to people who don’t get along, including neighbors,
colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs
can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.
31.The underlined word “swimmingly” in Paragraph 1 is
closest in meaning to ________.
A. early
B. sweetly
C. quickly
D. smoothly
32.Some cats and dogs may fight when ________.
A. they are cold to each other
B. they look away from each other
C. they misunderstand each other’s signals
D. they are introduced at an early age
33.What is found surprising about cats and dogs?
A. They eat and sleep together.
B. They observe each other’s behaviors.
C. They learn to speak each other’s language.
D. They know something from each other’s voices.
34.It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _______.
A. have common interests
B. are less different than was thought
C. have a common body language
D. are less intelligent than was expected
35.What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?
A. We should learn to live in harmony.
B. We should know more about animals.
C. We should live in peace with animals.
D. We should learn more body languages.
这是一篇议论文，文章介绍了一项关于猫狗相处的研究报
告，其结论是猫狗学会了对方的语言，对对方有了更多的了解，
就可以和睦相处。由此推断，我们人与人之间也应当可以学会
和睦相处。文章共338 个单词，仅有1 个超纲生词，由于第31
题是词义猜测题，第34、35 题是推理判断题，因此本文的难度
为中等偏难。
31.D 词义猜测题。由本句的前面两句“...they will fight.A
recent research has found a new recipe for success.”的逻辑关系，
特别是 new 一词可以推断，猫狗两者“相处得好”；再由本句
后面一句中的“a positive relationship between their cat and dog”
可以进一步确定猫狗“相处得好”，故选 D。
32.C 细节理解题。由第二段第二至四句可知，它们打
架的原因之一是它们的身体信号(身势语)是相反的，例如猫将
头偏开意味着要进攻，而狗将头偏开则意味着投降。由此推知，
两者会因身势语不同产生误会，结果就会打起来。
33.C
细节理解题。由第三段最后两句可知，令人惊讶
的发现是猫和狗学会了讲对方的语言。
34.B
推理判断题。由第四段第二句“suggesting that the
two may have more in common than we previously suspected”可推
知 B 项正确。
35.A 推理判断题。文章最后一段最后一句意为“如果
猫和狗都可以学会和睦相处，人与人之间更有可能( 和睦相
处)”，据此推断：既然人与人之间更有可能(和睦相处)，我们
为什么不学会和睦相处呢？即 A 项所表述的“我们应该学会和
睦相处”。
C
A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a
writing class. Teaching was a profession I had never seriously
considered, though several of my stories had been published. I
accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a
tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis. My father went by the same
name, and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us
confused. “Wait a minute, ” someone might say, “are you
talking about Mr. Davis the retired man, or Mr. Davis the respectable
scholar?”
The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given
two weeks to prepare, a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文
包) and standing before my full-length mirror, repeating the words,
“Hello, class. I’m Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an
aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when
the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true
Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but
rather a 12-year-old boy.
I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the
shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange
construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed
out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and
fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.
“All right then,” I said. “Okey, here we go.” Then I opened
my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this
moment. I had been thinking that the students would be the first to
talk, offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day. I
had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk, overlooking a
forest of hands. Every student would yell. “Calm down, you'll all
get your turn. One at a time, one at a time!”
A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions,
I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief
essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.
36.The author took the job to teach writing because
________.
A. he wanted to be respected
B. he had written some stories
C. he wanted to please his father
D. he had dreamed of being a teacher
37.What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2?
A. He would be aggressive in his first class.
B. He was well-prepared for his first class.
C. He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.
D. He waited long for the arrival of his first class.
38.Before he started his class, the author asked the students to
________.
A. write down their suggestions on the paper cards
B. cut maple leaves out of the construction paper
C. cut some cards out of the construction paper
D. write down their names on the paper cards
39.What did the students do when the author started his class?
A. They began to talk.
B. They stayed silent.
C. They raised their hands.
D. They shouted to be heard.
40.The author chose the composition topic probably because
________.
A. he got disappointed with his first class
B. he had prepared the topic before class
C. he wanted to calm down the students
D. he thought it was an easy topic
这是一篇记叙文，记述了作者在教学过程中的一次难忘的
经历。文章共352 个单词，仅有1 个超纲生词，因为有第36、
37、40 题三道推理判断类的题目，因此本文的难度为中等偏难。
36.A
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“as it would allow me
to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis”一句可以推断出选
A。
37.C
推理判断题。 根据第二段中的“But when the day
eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was
there.”可知选 C。
38.D
细节理解题。根据第三段的首句和最后一句可知
作者上课的第一件事是让学生把自己的名字写在卡片上。故选
D。
39.B
细节理解题。根据最后一段的首句可知选 B。
40.A
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段和最后一段可知作
者原本以为在第一堂课上学生会踊跃地发言，但实际上并没有
人发言，学生都保持沉默，故可推测作者让学生写这样题目的
作文的原因是他认为自己的第一节课令人很失望。
D
In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources
(资 源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the
rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests
disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People
now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that
we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That
means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable
products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while
using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many
countries. According to a recent study, the global market for
low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next
decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market,
hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy
revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar
energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric
cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great
growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm
oil (棕 榈 油), which is produced without cutting down valuable
rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have
grown by more than 50%.
Governments can fully develop the potential of these new
markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon
emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides,
stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help
to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the
huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and
redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from
the traditional model to a sustainable one.
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the
needs of a growing population within the limits of this single
planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for
sustainable product industries.
41.The traditional business model is harmful because of all
the following EXCEPT that ________.
A. it makes the world warmer
B. it consumes natural resources
C. it brings severe damage to forests
D. it makes growth hard to continue
42.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A. China lacks wind and solar energy.
B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market.
C. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development.
D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.
43.To fully develop the low-carbon markets, governments can
________.
A. cut public expenses
B. forbid carbon emissions
C. develop public resources
D. encourage energy conservation
44.We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have
many chances to ________.
A. develop sustainable products
B. explore new natural resources
C. make full use of natural resources
D. deal with the major challenge
45.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce a new business model.
B. To compare two business models.
C. To predict a change of the global market.
D. To advocate sustainable development.
这是一篇说明文，主要讲述由于全球变暖、许多资源面临
枯竭，许多国家(尤其是中国)提倡走可持续发展和低碳生活的
道路。文章共344 个单词，虽然有4 个超纲生词，但是不影响
阅读，且前4 题是细节理解题，较为容易，只有第45 题较难。
41.B
细节理解题。由第一段第二句“the past decades has
seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming
increasingly warm”可知选项 A 和 C 正确；由第一段第三句“this
unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to
develop in sustainable ways”可推断，传统模式是 unhealthy (不健
康的)，必须改变，其有害之处就是“要持续发展是困难的”。
故只有 B 项没有提及，且从第一段最后一句也可知可持续发展
也需消耗自然资源，故其不成为传统模式有害的原因。
42.C
细节理解题。由第二段第二至四句可知选 C。
43.D
细节理解题。由第三段第二句 “First, they can set
high targets...for saving and reusing energy.”可知，政府应当鼓励
“节能”。选项 A 是断章取义，虽然第三段倒数第一句中有
“avoid the huge public expenses...and redirecting some of those
expenses”，但此句是说要改变花费的地方而不是减少花费。因
文中是说要“减排”而不是“禁排”，故选项 B 错误；而第三
段第三句的“stronger arrangement of public resources” 是指“严
格安排统筹公共资源”而不是“发展公共资源”，选项 C 错误。
故选 D。
44.A 细节理解题。由最后一段，特别是最后一句“...but
it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries
(为可持续性工业提供大量的新机遇)”可知，随着人口的增长，
需要大量可持续产品，企业也就有了许多发展可持续产品的机
会。故选 A。
45.D
主旨大意题。由第一段的“People now realize that
this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able
to develop in sustainable ways”以及后面各段的中心可知，本文
的写作目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选 D。
一、广东高考英语阅读理解的设题方式及应试技巧
一般来说，阅读理解大致可以分为以下五种题型：主旨大
意题、事实细节题、推理判断题、词句理解题以及作者的意图、
观点和态度题。
(一)主旨大意题
主旨是文章的核心，即文章的中心思想或主题。该类题型
主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力，
即是否能在准确理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推
理等逻辑思维方法，准确地理解文章的话题和中心思想。这类
题目大约占总题量的 30%，它通常涉及概括中心(或段落)大意、
揭示主题、选择标题等形式。
选项的特点：正确选项通常不含细节信息和绝对意义的词，
能概括文章的全部内容；错误选项往往是某一个或几个细节部
分的概括，相对全文意义片面，且常含有绝对意义的词。
【设题方式】
1.What is the passage/text mainly about?
2.What would be the best title for the passage/text?
3.What is the subject of this news/story/passage?
4.What is the main idea of the passage/text/story/the...
paragraph?
5.The best title of the story/text/passage is ________.
6.Which of the following statements best expresses the main
idea of the passage/text?
【应试技巧】
此类题目要求考生在准确理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括
中心思想，也包括分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征
和环境特点等。做此类题目的关键就是抓住文章的主题句。主
题句(topic sentence)的作用是交待文章的中心意思，再由各段展
开或讨论这个主题。不少文章一开始便展示出主题，特别是新
闻报道。但也要注意，也有文章的中心思想贯穿于全文之中。
因此要准确地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把
握住文章的脉络，即句与句之间、段落与段落之间的逻辑关系，
不能仅限于局部观点而放弃了全文的中心思想。
(二)事实细节题
细节是围绕主题展开的，是对主题的进一步表达。事实细
节题是针对原文提到的某个事物、现象或理论进行考查，主要
考查考生是否能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的
直接细节信息或理解特定信息意义的能力。有些细节题考查原
文细节本身，有些则考查某些细节在文中的意义。细节题的形
式多种多样，主要包括：是非判断题、例证题、年代和数字、
相关定义以及对某个细节详细内容的提问(什么、哪里、什么时
候、谁、为什么、怎样、哪一个等)。
【设题方式】
1.We can learn/know from the passage/text that...
2.What do we learn about...?
3.Which of the following statements is true (NOT true)
according to the passage/text?
4.Which of the following is the correct order of...?
5.Which of the following isn’t mentioned?
此外，还有 when, where, how, who, what, why 等引导的特殊
疑问句也常用来考查事实细节题。
【应试技巧】
1.通读短文，领悟文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，
应特别注意：
(1)五个 w (who, which, when, where, what)，一个 h (how)；
(2)数字、日期、时间等；
(3)同位语、破折号、括号、省略号等；
(4)表示附加说明的词或短语，如：by the way, besides, what's
more, in addition to, including, as well as 等；
(5)倒装句及加强语气的词或短语，如： only when/by...,
above all, mainly, mostly, certainly, indeed 等。
2.利用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，选出正确答案。
(三)推理判断题
推理判断题是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语
篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从
而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。它在阅读理解中属
于难度较高的题型。
【设题方式】
1.It can be inferred that...
2.We can infer from the passage/text/paragraph/fact/example
that...
3.It can be concluded from the passage that...
4.The...paragraph implies that ________.
5.What is probably the main reason that...?
6.The passage is probably taken from a book about ________.
【应试技巧】
这类题目要求考生纵观全文，在汇集短文提供的各项信息
的基础上，严格按照短文陈述的观点或描述的事实，进行正确
的、合乎逻辑的推论和引申，包括事情的前因后果、人物的目
的动机和性格特征、语言中的语态和语气等。有时还可能会假
设一种情况要求考生对原文中没有提到的情况进行推理想象，
对题目中提出的各种可能性进行推敲，从而选出符合原文信息
或作者本意的最佳答案。做这类题目时，要注意抓住关键词、
短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，注意文章结构层次和
逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料以外的有关生活、社会的常识，仔
细斟酌，作出准确的推断和引申。
(四)词句理解题
此类题目主要是利用语境(上下文)推测、判断某些生词词
义及句子的含义。它包括词义理解题和句意理解题。
【设题方式】
1.The underlined word “...” refers to...
2.The word “it” in the...paragraph refers to...
3.The word “...” could best be replaced by...
4.The word “...” is closest in meaning to...
5.What can we learn from the underlined sentence?
6.By saying “...”， the author means that...
【应试技巧】
1.词义理解题的应试技巧
(1)利用语境、常识和写作修辞手段推断词义。
①利用所需推断词汇前后的句子内容或系动词和破折号后
有解释作用的语句进行推断。
②抓住文章主旨与该段所表达的中心，对于议论文特别要
牢记论点与论据谁与谁形式支撑关系，结合常识推断所说内容。
③通过例证、比喻、对照、插入语等写作或修辞手段推断
词义。
(2)利用词根、前后缀与合成词推断词义。
2.句意理解题的应试技巧
(1)根据题干缩小并锁定相关句段。
(2)挖掘选项异同点，寻找提示；排除选项中意义相同者，
缩小范围。
(3)利用各种词义理解技巧(如定义、解释、同位语、对比、
因果、同近义词、反义词等)逐一突破关键词。
(4)抓住表示因果、转折、递进、并列等关系的连词，准确
把握句内各分句以及该句所在段落各句间的逻辑关系。
(五)作者的意图、观点和态度题
此类题目通常要求考生在复杂的语境条件下把握作者的思
路，或在较深奥的措辞中探索作者的隐藏思想及真正的写作意
图，从某种意义上来说要求考生具有较高层次的阅读技能，因
此，该题型也是较难的题型之一。它的常见类型是考查对文章
的写作目的和作者主观态度的把握，或分析作者对某些细节的
描述是想说明什么或铺垫什么。
【设题方式】
1.What does the author think of...?
2.Which of the following opinions does the author accept?
3.Why does the author say that...?
4.The author would agree that...
5.The writer’s purpose in writing this story is...
【应试技巧】
1.阅读时要以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、
细节和逻辑关系为思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法
强加于原文。还要区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。
2.当作者的态度没有明确提出时，要根据作者使用词语的
褒贬性去判断作者的态度。
根据近几年广东高考英语阅读理解的考题内容，下面对人
物传记、社会文化、逸闻趣事、史地常识、时文公告、议论说
理、科普知识、生态环保等八大主要题材的命题规律进行分析，
并给考生提供一些实用的解题技巧。
题材1
人物传记类
【命题规律】
人物传记以名人生平或逸事为主。体裁一般是记叙文，包
含时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空
间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。近
年来，人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。
【技巧点拨】
人物传记类文章多为记叙文，为了支撑所要描述的人物，
文章往往会出现大量细节，这些细节有时很直接，理解字面意
思即可；有时则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。准
确理解细节是做好这类题目的关键。那么，应该怎样准确理解
细节呢？
首先，从问题中找到关键词；然后以此为线索，运用略读
和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节；找到后再把这一部分内容仔
细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别；最后，在正确理解
细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。
Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his
new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and
I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.
My earliest memories of my father are a tall, handsome,
successful man devoted to his work and his family, but
uncomfortable with his children. As a child I loved him; as a school
girl and young adult ( 成 年 人 ) I feared him and felt bitter about
him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A's and
unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as
“successful” as he was. Whenever I went out with him on weekends,
I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard.
On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my
father's friends for lunch at an outdoor café. We walked along that
afternoon, did some shopping, ate on the street table, and laughed
over my son’s funny facial expressions. Gone was my father’s
critical (挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as
my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around?
What had held him back before?
The next day dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told
me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times
together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at
that moment. After so many years, I’m at last seeing another side of
my father. And in so doing, I’m delighted with my new friend. My
dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was.
1.Why did the author feel bitter about her father as a young
adult?
A. He was silent most of the time.
B. He was too proud of himself.
C. He did not love his children.
D. He expected too much of her.
2.When did her father move to his new home?
A. Last week.
B. A few years ago.
C. Two years ago.
D. The day before my visit.
3.When the author went out with her father on weekends, she
would feel________.
A. nervous
B. sorry
C. tired
D. safe
4.What does the author think of her father after her visit to
Tucson?
A. More critical.
B. More talkative.
C. Gentle and friendly.
D. Strict and hard-working.
5.The underlined words “my new friend” in the last paragraph
refer to________.
A. the author’s son
B. the author’s father
C. the friend of the author’s father
D. the café owner
【答案及解析】
文章讲述了作者和父亲之间的情感变化。在女儿眼中，父
亲由一个事事挑剔的严父变为友善、和蔼可亲的慈父。
1.D
细节理解题。从文章第二段第三句“He seemed
unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s... 父亲似乎永远对我不
满，除非我各科成绩都拿到 A；他也总对我的男朋友不满，因
为他们的父亲没有像他那样优秀”可以看出，当时女儿对父亲
有怨恨源自于她认为他对自己期望过高。
2.B
细节理解题。从文章第一段第二句可知 B 项正确。
3.A
推理判断题。作者在文章第二段的最后一句中说到
“每当周末我和他一同出去时，我都要竭力想好了要说些什么，
并时刻提防(不要说错)。”选项 A 恰好反映了作者的心理状态，
故为正确答案。
4.C 细节理解题。作者在文章第三段第三、四句中提到
“父亲挑剔的神态和严厉的条条框框都不见了。我以前所熟悉
的那个父亲到哪儿去了？在你身边的友善风趣的人又是谁
呢？”由此不难看出，作者在前往 Tucson 看望父亲时，对父亲
的看法有了巨大的转变，由过去的严厉苛刻变成和蔼可亲。
5.B 词义猜测题。作者在文章最后一段第三、四句里提
到“在这么多年之后，我终于认识了父亲的另外一面；在这一
过程中，我为结识了我的这位新朋友而感到高兴。”由此不难
判断出作者提到的这位新朋友就是父亲本人。
题材2
社会文化类
【命题规律】
语言是社会文化的重要载体。中学阶段学习英语的目的之
一就是“提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，增强对外国文化，
特别是英语国家文化的了解”。因此，社会文化类试题出现在
高考试卷中是必然的。社会文化类文章有以下特点：
1.以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，如以礼仪、语言、生
活习惯、世界观、价值观等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教
育、体育等方面的内容。
2.一般一篇文章一个主题，体裁以议论文、记叙文居多。
3.命题方面既重主旨把握，又重特定细节，时有推断。
【技巧点拨】
对英语语言、社会、文化的了解是一个长期的过程，在复
习时考生要注意以下几点：
1.重视英语词汇、语法和习惯用法的掌握。
在复习过程考生应加强对语言基础知识的掌握。对于普通
高中毕业生来说，应具备 2000－3500 的词汇量，并掌握其词类、
意思和基本用法；应掌握句子结构和句子成分之间的关系，熟
悉固定词组、固定搭配等约定俗成的语法项目。
2.扩展文化背景知识，认真研读历届高考题。
从近五年的高考题来看，阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强，
更重视语言和文化的关系，阅读材料会更多地涉及社会化背景
知识。因此，考生要通过阅读更多地涉猎社会文化背景知识，
更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。
同时，要认真研读近五年的高考篇目，增加语言经验，适
应选材特点，熟悉题材和体裁，了解设问形式，感悟答题思路。
3.在平时的阅读中广泛涉猎，丰富阅读题材和内容。
The Queen’s English is now sounding less upper-class, a
scientific study of the Queen’s Christmas broadcasts has
found. Researchers have studied each of her messages to the
Commonwealth countries since 1952 to find out the change in her
pronunciation from the noble Upper Received to the Standard
Received.
Jonathan Harrington, a professor at Germany's University of
Munich, wanted to discover whether accent (口音) changes
recorded over the past half century would take place within one
person. “As far as I know, there just is nobody else for whom there
is this sort of broadcast records,” He said.
He said the noble way of pronouncing vowels (元音) had
gradually lost ground as the noble upper-class accent over the past
years. “Her accent sounds slightly less noble than it did 50 years
ago. But these are very, very small and slow changes that we don’t
notice from year to year.”
“We may be able to relate it to changes in the social
classes,” He told The Daily Telegraph, a British newspaper. “In
1952 she would have been heard saying ‘thet men in the bleck
het’. Now it would be ‘that man in the black hat’. Similarly, she
would have spoken of ‘the citay’ and ‘dutay’, rather than
‘citee’ and ‘dutee’, and ‘hame’ rather than ‘home’. In the
1950s she would have been ‘lorst’, but by the 1970s ‘lost’.”
The Queen’s broadcast is a personal message to the
Commonwealth countries. Each Christmas, the 10-minute broadcast
is put on TV at 3 p.m. in Britain as many families are recovering
from their traditional turkey lunch (传统火鸡午餐).
The results were published (发表) in the Journal of Phonetics.
1.The Queen’s broadcasts were chosen for the study mainly
because ________.
A. she has been Queen for many years
B. she has a less upper-class accent now
C. her speeches are familiar to many people
D. her speeches have been recorded for 50 years
2.Which of the following is an example of a less noble accent
in English?
A. “dutay”
B. “citee”
C. “hame”
D. “lorst”
3.We may infer from the text that the Journal of Phonetics is
a magazine on ________.
A. speech sounds
B. Christmas customs
C. TV broadcasting
D. personal messages
4.What is The Daily Telegraph?
A. A British company.
B. A British newspaper.
C. A British telegraph.
D. A British broadcast station.
5.What is the text mainly about?
A. The relationship between accents and social classes.
B. The Queen’s Christmas speeches on TV.
C. The changes in a person’s accent.
D. The recent development of the English language.
【答案及解析】
本文主要介绍了一项对在过去五十年里英国女王的口音变
化进行的跟踪研究，其发现英国女王的口音显得不像以前那样
具有上层社会的口音特点了。
1.D 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“As far as I know,
there just is nobody else for whom there is this sort of broadcast
records (就我所知，没有第二个人曾经有过这种广播录音)”可
知 D 项正确。
2.B 细节理解题。由第四段第四句“Similarly, she would
have spoken of ‘the citay’ and ‘dutay’, rather than ‘citee’
and ‘dutee’( 与之相类似地是，她过去本应说 “the citay” ，
“dutay”而不是“citee”和“dutee”)”可知选 B。
3.A
推理判断题。文章最后一句说研究结果发表在
Journal of Phonetics，而且本项研究是关于口音变化的研究，那
么这本杂志最有可能是关于 speech sounds (语音)方面的杂志。
4.B
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句的后半部分可知 B
项正确。
5.C
主旨大意题。通过文章的首句及全文很容易看出，
文章的中心话题是女王口音的变化。其他选项不是本文主要涉
及的内容。故选 C。
题材3
逸闻趣事类
【命题规律】
逸闻趣事类从日常生活中的琐事入手，描述一些鲜为人知
的事，幽默故事是其主要内容。选材多来源于日常生活，给人
似曾相识之感，但随着故事的发生、发展、结束，给人以意外
的感觉。逸闻趣事类文章有以下特点：
1.文章简短，主要描述一个片断。
2.命题多考查对事件的发生、发展和结局进行合理的推断。
3.描述“另类”，标新立异。
【技巧点拨】
1.阅读这类文章，应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作
和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。
2.若是叙述性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果；若是故
事性文章，要读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。它们是读
懂逸闻趣事所必需的。若是幽默故事，应体会风趣的对话、特
别的动作，它们是幽默的精髓。
As kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the
woods. “The woods” was our part-time address, destination,
purpose, and excuse. If I went to a friend’s house and found him not
at home, his mother might say, “Oh, he’s out in the woods,” with a
tone (语气) of airy acceptance. It’s similar to the tone people
sometimes use nowadays to tell me that someone I’m looking for is
on the golf course or at the gym, or even “away from his desk”. For
us ten-year-olds, “being out in the woods” was just an excuse to do
whatever we feel like for a while.
We sometimes told ourselves that what we were doing in the
woods was exploring (探索). Exploring was a more popular idea
back then than it is today. History seemed to be mostly about
explorers. Our explorations, though, seemed to have less system
than the historic kind: something usually came up along the
way. Say we stayed in the woods, throwing rocks, shooting frogs,
picking blackberries, digging in what we were briefly persuaded
was an Indian burial mound.
Often we got “lost” and had to climb a tree to find out where
we were. If you read a story in which someone does that
successfully, be skeptical; the topmost branches are usually too
skinny to hold weight, and we could never climb high enough to
see anything except other trees. There were four or five trees that
we visited regularly—tall beeches, easy to climb and comfortable
to sit in.
It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the
woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh
grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence ( 青春期) .In
March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after
winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree,
and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time
that we really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would
be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school
cafeteria.
1.The author and his friends were often out in the woods to
________.
A. spend their free time
B. play golf and other sports
C. avoid doing their schoolwork
D. keep away from their parents
2.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A. The activities in the woods were well planned.
B. Human history is not the result of exploration.
C. Exploration should be a systematic activity.
D. The author explored in the woods aimlessly.
3.The underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 3 is closest in
meaning to ________.
A. calm
B. doubtful
C. serious
D. optimistic
4.The reason why we visited the four or five trees regularly is
the following except that ________.
A. they were tall beeches
B. they were easy to climb
C. they were not high to climb
D. they were comfortable to sit in
5.How does the author feel about his childhood?
A. Happy but short.
B. Lonely but memorable.
C. Boring and meaningless.
D. Long and unforgettable.
【答案及解析】
本文是作者对童年时代的美好回忆和感悟。
1.A
推理判断题。作者在文章第一段末尾提到“对我们
这 些 10 来 岁的 孩子们来说， 出来到树林里 (being out in the
woods)就是一个借口，让我们能有一段能做我们想要做的任何
事情的自由时光”。故选 A。
2.D 推理判断题。作者在第二段第四句中提到“我们在林
中的探索远不像历史上的探险家们的远征探索那样系统化，有目
的”，接着作者又列举了他们在林中的一些活动，包括扔石头、
射青蛙、捡草莓，甚至挖着他们当作是印第安人坟墓的土墩，都
说明他们在林中的探索并无既定目标，也没有事先安排。
3.B 词义猜测题。文章第三段第二句的意思是“如果你
在某篇文章中读到有人成功做到这点(指爬到树顶观察周围环
境确定方向)的话，你要当心了(这是值得怀疑的)，因为最靠近
树顶端的枝条太弱，无法承重，而且你也不可能找到一棵其树
端能高出其他树很多，足够你观察四周的大树。”这里的
skeptical 的意思是“令人怀疑的”。
4.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知答案选
C。
5.A 推理判断题。通读这篇文章后可以看出，作者在描
述自己的童年时光时用了许多褒义的修饰语 ， 如 “free” ，
“exploring”， “comfortable”等，不难看出作者对自己的童年是
感到幸福且充满怀念。文章最后一句意为“很快我们就只能周
五晚上在中学自助餐厅跳舞了( 长大了，不能待在树上玩耍
了)”，可知童年时光也是“短暂的”，故选 A。
题材4
史地常识类
【命题规律】
英语是我们认识世界、了解世界的工具。史地常识类文章
通常介绍异域风光、历史事件，能进一步扩大我们的视野和对
其他国家，尤其是对英语国家的了解。因此史地常识类文章经
常出现在高考阅读理解中，其特点是：
1.选材以英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件为主。
2.命题以细节题为主，有一定的主观推断题。
3.经常会涉及一些地理常识或历史知识。
【技巧点拨】
史地常识类文章多以细节题为主，着重考查考生理解文章
中具体信息的能力。常见的细节题及其解题技巧有：
1.排序题：根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子间的逻辑关系，
找出事件的正确顺序。一般采用“首尾定位法”来做题。即先
找出第一个和最后一个事件，缩小范围，再通过比较得出答案。
2.图文转换题：根据短文的描写找出相应图形或根据图形
找出答案。一般采用“文图锁定法”(找出文字，按“文”定
“图”)或“图形标示法”(在图中标出内容，以便理解)。
3.数字换算题：根据数据，找出换算关系，计算并得出答
案。
4.表格理解题：看懂行和列分别代表的意义，正确理解，
作出选择。
5.同义转换题：找出相同或相似的关键词，作出同义转换。
6.代词借代题：理清人物、事件间的逻辑关系，使人物、
事件更加条理化、简明化。
Runners in a relay (接 力) race pass a stick in one
direction. However, merchants passed silk, gold, fruit, and glass
along the Silk Road in more than one direction. They earned their
living by traveling the famous Silk Road.
The Silk Road was not a simple trading network. It passed
through thousands of cities and towns. It started from eastern China,
across Central Asia and the Middle East, and ended in the
Mediterranean Sea. It was used from about 200 B.C. to about 1300
A.D., when sea travel offered new routes (路线). It was sometimes
called the world’s longest highway. However, the Silk Road was
made up of many routes, not one smooth path. They passed through
what are now 18 countries. The routes crossed mountains and
deserts and had many dangers of hot sun, deep snow and even
battles. Only experienced traders could return safely.
The Silk Road got its name from its most prized product. Silk
could be used like money to pay taxes or buy goods. But the traders
carried more than just silk. Gold, silver, and glass from Europe were
much found in the Middle East and Asia. Horses traded from other
areas changed farming practices in China. Indian merchants traded
salt and other valuable goods. Chinese merchants traded paper,
which produced an immediate effect on the West. Apples traveled
from Central Asia to Rome. The Chinese had learned to graft (嫁接)
different trees together to make new kinds of fruits. They passed
this science on to others, including the Romans. The Romans used
grafting to grow the apple. Trading along the Silk Road led to world
wide business 2,000 years before the World Wide Web.
The people along the Silk Road did not share just goods. They
also shared their beliefs. The Silk Road provided pathways for
learning, diplomacy (外交), and religion.
1.It’s probable that traders along the Silk Road needed
________.
A. to remember the entire trade route
B. to know the making of products
C. to receive certain special training
D. to deal with a lot of difficulties
2.The Silk Road became less important because ________.
A. it was made up of different routes
B. silk trading became less popular
C. sea travel provided easier routes
D. people needed fewer foreign goods
3.The underlined word “prized” in the third paragraph means
________.
A. valuable
B. heavy
C. light
D. beautiful
4.New technologies could travel along the Silk Road because
people________.
A. learned from one another
B. shared each other's beliefs
C. traded goods along the route
D. earned their living by traveling
5.What is the best title for the passage?
A. The Silk Road: Past and Present
B. The Silk Road: East Meets West
C. The Silk Road: Routes Full of Dangers
D. The Silk Road: Pathways for Learning
【答案及解析】
本文概括地介绍了丝绸之路及其对古代东西文化、外交和
贸易方面的重要意义。
细节理解题。 根据第二段最后两句 “The routes
crossed mountains and deserts and had many dangers of hot sun,
deep snow and even battles. Only experienced traders could return
1.D
safely.”可知选 D。
2.C
细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“It was used from
about 200 B.C. to about 1300 A.D., when the sea travel offered
new routes.”可知选 C。
3.A 词义猜测题。由画线单词所在句子的后一句“Silk could
be used like money to pay taxes or buy goods.”可知 silk 当时被当作
是“非常有价值的”物品，故 prized 在此与 valuable 同义。
细节理解题。由第三段所列举的各种事例，以及最
4.A
后一段最后一句“The Silk Road provided pathways for learning,
diplomacy, and religion.”可看出进行贸易的人们之间可以相互学
习，从而促进了新技术的传播。
5.B 主旨大意题。文章最后一段是中心段，概括了丝绸
之路的作用，即为贸易和知识、外交、宗教的交流搭建起桥梁，
而丝绸之路在东西方之间，故选 B。
题材5
时文公告类
【命题规律】
近年来阅读理解的选材明显地呈现出关注实际生活的趋
势，这种趋势与当前基础教育改革的目标是一致的，而中学生
学习语言的根本目标与基础教育的“学会求知，学会做事，学
会合作，学会做人”是一致的，真实新颖的选材对基础英语教
学课程改革具有重要的作用。而时文报道就在文章中体现了这
一要求。它的主要特点有：
1.反映海内外事件，文章结构严谨，内容贴近生活，用现
代英语反映现代生活。
2.有大量反映当代社会变化的新词汇和表达方式。
3.大背景中的小事件、大事件中的小插曲往往是选材的热
点。
4.命题既重细节，又重推理和主旨。
5.其中的新闻报道都有比较固定的写作格式，如文首通常
有报道的地点或时间，第一句话常常是文章的导语等，这些有
助于了解文章的大致内容和主题。
【技巧点拨】
1.做这类题目时应抓住文章主题，准确捕捉细节和内涵，
进行合理的推理。
2.在平时的学习中，考生应多关注生活，把阅读新闻报道
和广告类文章、时事文章作为学习英语的重要途径。同时要了
解一些新的词汇和时事高频词语，如：tsunami 海啸，MP3 players
(MP3)播放器， well-off society 小康社会等。
This hotel is located within the Kista Gallerian Shopping Mall
in Kista, the center of the metropolitan region’s electronics and
telecommunications industry. The shopping centre houses 140
different shops. The city of Kista has direct bus links with
Stockholm-Arlanda airport as well as easy access to the entire
Greater Stockholm area by underground. Convenient public
transport links may be found within 100 metres of the hotel. The
hotel is therefore an outstanding starting point for countless short
journeys in the surrounding area. In Stockholm, about 10km away,
guests will find a range of entertainment venues ( 场 所 ), the sea,
and the nearest railway station. In only a 15-minute drive, it is
possible to reach Stockholm old town as well as countless cultural
venues.
Established in 2002, this fully air-conditioned hotel consists of
a total of 127 rooms including 39 apartments, spread across 13
floors. The family-friendly hotel welcomes guests in an elegant
lobby where there is a 24-hour reception desk and several
lifts. Further facilities include a newspaper stand, a breakfast room,
and a public Internet connection. All guests may take advantage of
the laundry service, and parking spaces are available for those
arriving by car.
With the subway: Take the blue line Nr 11 to Akalla. Get off at
the station Kista. Go out on your right hand side down to the bus
station. The entry of the hotel is situated in front of the bus station.
By car arriving north: From E4, drive towards Stockholm until
the second way out towards Kista. Drive on the right line until you
come to a roundabout. Take left towards Arvinge. Drive straight
ahead until the next roundabout; take right under the tunnel and
you will be on Danmarksgatan. The hotel is situated on the right
side of the street in front of the bus station.
1.What’s the passage mainly about?
A. Information of a hotel.
B. Information of a website.
C. Information of a car.
D. Information of a city.
2.What may probably be talked about following the last
paragraph?
A. How to find Stockholm Kista Hotel.
B. The location of Stockholm Kista Hotel.
C. How to arrive at Stockholm Kista Hotel from south by car.
D. How to apply for the membership of the hotel.
3.What does the underlined word “metropolitan” mean?
A. Of a major city.
B. Of a famous man.
C. Of a famous port.
D. Of a known car.
4.If you stay in the hotel, ________.
A. you can easily find a restaurant that appeals to your taste
B. you can enjoy the sea view
C. you can get free laundry service
D. it is very convenient for you to do some shopping
5.The hotel has a history of ________ years.
A. less than 4
B. less than 8
C. more than 20
D. more than 8
【答案及解析】
本文是应用文，是一个介绍宾馆的广告。
1.A
主旨大意题。从全篇可以看出是介绍一个宾馆的信
息，第二段第一句也点明这是一个“hotel”。
2.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“By car arriving north”
可知前面谈到了坐汽车从北部怎样到达宾馆，接下来很可能谈
到是坐汽车从南部怎样到达宾馆。故选 C。
3.A
词义猜测题。从单词所在的句子判断应该是“大城
市的”工业中心附近。
4.D
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“This hotel is located
within the Kista Gallerian Shopping Mall in Kista”可知，这个宾馆
就坐落在一个购物城内，故顾客购物非常方便。C 项原文并没
有说洗衣是免费的。
5.D
细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“Established in
2002”可判断选 D。
题材6
议论说理类
【命题规律】
议论说理类文章就是议论文，是高考阅读理解中一种较难
的题目。议论说理类文章具有以下特点：
1.一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的方法写作。作
者一般从日常生活中的热点问题、社会上的重大问题或与读者
息息相关的问题入手，即提出问题。然后，分析利弊，举例说
明，推理判断，即分析问题。最后，阐述观点，提出办法，即
解决问题。
2.以作者的观点或情感为核心，对细节、推理等方面进行
考查。
【技巧点拨】
一般来说，议论说理类文章对细节、推理、主旨等的考查
都是紧紧围绕作者的观点或情感的，因此，把握作者的观点、
态度是做好这类题目的关键。细节、推断、主旨都要紧扣作者
的观点、态度，不能凭空想象，以点代面。
Are you happy? Do you remember a time when you were
happy? Are you seeking happiness today?
Many have sought a variety of sources for their feeling of
happiness. Some have put their heart and efforts into their work. Too
many turned to drugs and alcohol. Meanwhile, untold numbers have
looked for it in the possession of expensive cars, exotic ( 异国的)
vacation homes and other popular “toys”. Most of their efforts have
a root in one common fact: people are looking for a lasting source
of happiness.
Unfortunately, I believe that happiness escapes from many
people because they misunderstand the journey of finding it. I have
heard many people say that, “I'll be happy when I get my new
promotion.” or “I'll be happy when I lose that extra 20 pounds.” It
is dangerous because it accepts that happiness is a “response” to
having, being or doing something.
In life, we all experience stimulus (激励) and response. Today,
some people think that an expensive car is a stimulus. Happiness is
a response. A great paying job is a stimulus. Happiness is a
response. This belief leaves us thinking and feeling, “I'll be happy
when...”
It has been my finding that actually the opposite is true. I
believe that happiness is a stimulus and response is what life brings
to those who are truly happy. When we are happy, we tend to have
more success in our work. When we are happy, we more naturally
take better care of our bodies and enjoy good health. Happiness is
not a response but a stimulus.
Happiness is a conscious choice we make in daily life. For
unknown reasons to me, many choose to be upset and angry most
of the time. Happiness is not something that happens to us after we
get something we want—we usually get things we want after we
choose to be happy.
1.From the second paragraph, we know to many people
________.
A. they are not happy when they work hard
B. they are not happy when they drink or take drugs
C. they are happy when they possess their own expensive cars
D. they all desire exotic vacation homes
2.Generally speaking, most people feel happy because
________.
A. they think happiness is rooted in their deep hearts
B. they get what they want to have
C. they get a great paying job
D. they get an expensive car
3.In the author’s opinion, which of the following is the most
important if you want to be happy?
A. Losing weight.
B. An expensive car.
C. Success in work.
D. Feeling happy.
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the author?
A. If you want to get what you want, you first choose to be
happy.
B. We should try to get more and then we'll be happy.
C. Most people today are happy.
D. Work is a necessary part in our daily life.
5.From the viewpoint of the author, happiness is ________.
A. based on our needs
B. unconditional
C. out of reach
D. limited
【答案及解析】
本文通过对快乐的讨论阐述了一个事实：生活中，我们只
有先快乐，才能得到自己想要的。
细节理解题。由第二段可知，人们或致力于工作，
1.C
或沉迷于吸食毒品和酒精，因为他们觉得这些是快乐的来源，
所以 A、B 两项错误；许多人拥有了自己的昂贵的汽车后，他
们就找到了快乐，所以 C 项正确。而 D 项与原文叙述不符，太
绝对化。
2.B 推理判断题。由第四段可知，如今，人们都认为昂
贵的轿车、高薪的工作都是一种刺激，而后才有了快乐的反馈，
也就是说，他们得到了自己想要的东西，所以他们觉得快乐。
所以 A 项的说法与之相反，C、D 项则是 B 项的具体表现形式。
3.D
推理判断题。文章最后两段提到，作者认为快乐才
是刺激，而之后的所得是反馈，所以，如果你觉得幸福，你就
会获得更多的东西，包括工作上的更大的成功等。而 A、B、C
三项这些都是具体的实物，是大众认为的快乐的来源或刺激因
素，而非作者的观点。故选 D。
4.A
细节理解题。根据最后两段可知 A 项正确，B 项正
好与作者的观点相悖，C、D 两项文章没有讨论到，所以不正确。
5.B
推理判断题。根据作者在最后三段的阐述可知，幸
福是一种自主的选择，是拥有更多其他实物的起因，而这种自
主选择并没有障碍，故而是无条件的。所以 B 项正确。
题材7
科普知识类
【命题规律】
科普知识类文章的选取密切联系当前我国和世界经济、科
技等方面的发展变化，有关数据的来源真实可信。这类文章在
高考中出现的频率较高，难度较大。文章体裁一般是说明文，
但有时也夹杂着叙述和议论，并经常出现一些较新的科技名词
或术语，且长句较多。分析历年的科普类文章我们不难发现它
具有以下特点：
1.文章逻辑性强，条理清楚，语法结构简单，用语通俗。
2.文章内容注重科技领域的新发现，材料新颖，从而使文
章显得陌生，且抽象复杂。
3.从人们的日常行为或饮食健康入手，阐述概念，诠释过
程，有时还会探讨利弊。
4.命题方面注重对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的推
理判断。
【技巧点拨】
1.要注意平时的积累。要想做好科普知识类阅读理解，考
生就要注意平时多读这类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科
普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。
2.要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题
(Headline)，导语(Introduction)，背景(Background)，主体(Main
body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精
辟的概括，但根据历年的高考情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一
般不给标题，而要考生们选择标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的
首段。背景交代一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进
行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多。因此在阅读时，考生应
把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语
相呼应，命题者常在此处设计一道推理判断题。
3.在解题过程中，当进行推理判断时，考生一定要以阅读
材料所提供的科学事实作为依据，同时，所得出的结论还应符
合基本常识。
The research carried out by the University of Bari in Italy
could help prove hospitals who are accused of wasting money on
art and decoration as it suggests a pleasant environment helps
patients ease discomfort and pain.
A team headed by Professor Marina de Tommaso at the
Neurophysiopathology Pain Unit asked a group of men and women
to pick the 20 paintings they considered most ugly and most
beautiful from a selection of 300 works by artists such as Leonardo
da Vinci and Sandro Botticelli. They were then asked to look at
either the beautiful paintings, or the ugly painting, or a blank panel
while the team zapped ( 照 射 ) a short laser pulse at their hand,
creating a sensation as if they had been stuck by a pin. The subjects
rated the pain as being a third less intense while they were viewing
the beautiful paintings, compared with when looking at the ugly
paintings or the blank panel. Electrodes measuring the brain's
electrical activity also confirmed a reduced response to the pain
when the subject looked at beautiful paintings.
While distractions, such as music, are known to reduce pain in
hospital patients, Prof de Tommaso says this is the first result to
show that beauty plays a part.
The findings, reported in New Scientist, also go a long way to
show that beautiful surroundings could aid the healing process.
“Hospitals have been designed to be functional, but we think
that their artistic aspects should be taken into account too,” Said
the neurologist. “Beauty obviously offers a distraction that ugly
paintings do not. But at least there is no suggestion that ugly
surroundings make the pain worse.” “I think these results show that
more research is needed into the field how a beautiful environment
can alleviate suffering.”
Pictures they liked included Starry Night by Vincent Van
Gogh and Botticelli's Birth of Venus. Pictures they found ugly
included works by Pablo Picasso, the Italian 20th century artist
Anonio Bueno and Columbian Fernando Botero. “These people
were not art experts so some of the pictures they found ugly would
be considered masterpieces by the art world,” Said Prof de
Tommaso.
1.The underlined word “alleviate” in the fifth paragraph
probably means “________”.
A. cure
B. ease
C. improve
D. kill
2.How many artists have been mentioned in the passage?
A.4
B.5
C.6
D.7
3.Which of the following is TURE about the view of Prof de
Tommaso’s?
A. Beautiful surroundings could help to heal sufferings
completely.
B. Hospitals must take their artistic aspects into consideration
first.
C. Ugly surroundings will surely make the pain worse.
D. Both music and beauty can reduce pain in hospital patients.
4.From the last paragraph, we know that ________.
A. some artists’ paintings were beautiful, so they were
masterpieces
B. only art experts could judge they were masterpieces or not,
though ugly
C. the artists mentioned above were not really art masters
D. some of them were art masters, while others were not
5.Which of the following is the suitable title for the passage?
A. Beautiful surroundings can ease pain.
B. Ugly paintings could be masterpieces.
C. More research should be done in the field.
D. Latest environmental research.
【答案及解析】
意大利巴里大学日前开展的一项研究表明，舒适愉悦的环
境有助于减轻病人的痛苦。这一发现驳斥了认为医院不应该把
钱浪费在艺术品装饰上的说法。研究人员相信这项研究会对治
疗疾病有推进作用。
1.B 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句“as it suggests
a pleasant environment helps patients ease discomfort and pain.”可
知 alleviate 意为 ease (缓解，减轻)，而不是“治愈”、“消灭”
或“增加”。
细节理解题。本文提到的艺术家有 Leonardo da Vinci,
Sandro Botticelli, Vincent Van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, Anonio Bueno,
2.C
Columbian Fernando Botero 六人。
3.D
推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知 D 项正确。A 项
与第四段所叙述的内容不符合；B 项与第五段第一句所叙述的
内容不一致；C 项与第五段中间部分的内容不一致。
4.B 推理判断题。本段最后一句托马索教授所说的话意
为“这些人不是艺术家，所以一些他们认为难看的作品其实都
是世界名作。”其言外之意就是——只有艺术家才能知道这些
看似难看的作品其实都是世界名作。
5.A
主旨大意题。根据全文内容和研究结果可知本题答
案为 A。B、C 项只是研究过程中遇到的两个事件，马研究本身
无关或关联不大，不能概括全文；D 项范围太大，不能概括全
文的主要内容。
题材8
生态环保类
【命题规律】
“人与自然和谐发展”是时代的主题，因而生态环保的话
题也越来越多地出现在高考试题中。此类文章有以下特点：
1.以强调人与自然和谐发展为主要题材。
2.重点关注人、自然生态的现状和未来发展。
3.命题形式多样，突出整体理解，同时需要合理推断。
【技巧点拨】
1.做这类阅读理解时，考生要在理解文章的基础上做重点
突破，即归纳主旨大意，这也是整体理解文章的关键。
2.一定要以文章所提供的生态环保内容作为依据，不能将
自己的思想强加到文章中，同时，得出的结论还应符合基本的
生态环保常识。
3.考生平时要注意多读这类文章，学习生态环保常识，不
断积累常见的环保类词汇。不仅要有环保意识，而且更要有关
注热点环保题材的意识，只有把脉当今环保新潮流，留心相关
题材的文章，应考时才会得心应手。
A desert is a beautiful land of silence and space. The sun shines,
the wind blows, and time and space seem endless. Nothing is
soft. The sand and rocks are hard, and many of the plants even have
hard needles instead of leaves.
The size and location (分布) of the world's deserts are always
changing. Over millions of years, as climates change and mountains
rise, new dry and wet areas develop. But within the last 100 years,
deserts have been growing at a frightening speed. This is partly
because of natural changes, but the greatest makers are humans.
Humans can make deserts, but humans can also prevent their
growth. Mauritania is planting a wall around Nouakchott, the
capital. Iran puts a thin covering of petroleum (石油) on sandy areas
and plants trees. The oil keeps the water and small trees in the land,
and men on motorcycles (摩托车) keep the sheep and goats
away. Russia and India are building long canals to bring water to
desert areas.
1.In this passage, “needles” refers to ________.
A. small, thin pieces of steel
B. long, thin pieces of branches
C. small pointed growth on the stem (茎) of a plant
D. small, thin pieces of sticks
2.Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The greatest desert makers are humans.
B. There aren’t any living things in the deserts.
C. Deserts have been growing quickly.
D. The size of the deserts is always changing.
3.People in some countries are fighting a battle against
________.
A. the growth of deserts
B. the disappearance of desert plants
C. natural changes
D. congenital climate
4.We can guess that Mauritania belongs to ________.
A. Asia
B. America
C. Europe
D. Africa
5.Which of the sentences best give the main idea of the
passage?
A. The deserts of the world are always changing.
B. Man is to take measures to control the growth of the
world’s deserts.
C. Deserts are lands of silence and space.
D. Deserts have grown at a fast pace in the past 10 years.
【答案及解析】
文章主要讲的是人们正采取措施控制和治理沙漠。
1.C
词义猜测题。从 instead of leaves 可知 needles 是沙
漠中植物的叶子，众所周知沙漠中植物的叶子是针状的，而 steel
(钢)，branches (树枝), stick (棒)都不是与 leaves 对应的物体，只
有 C 项(长在植物茎上的尖的小物体)是“针状叶”的意思。故
选 C。
2.B 细节理解题。从第一段最后一句可知沙漠里有长针
状叶的植物，故 B 项错误。
3.A
细节理解题。从第三段第一句“Humans can make
deserts, but humans can also prevent their growth.( 人类可以造成
沙漠，但人类也可以防止沙漠扩张)”可知答案选 A。
4.D 推理判断题。根据常识可知非洲沙漠远近闻名，这
说明那里最需要治理，而作者举例也会举典型的，以增加文章
的可信度。故选 D。
5.B
主旨大意题。文章第二段讲沙漠扩张速度惊人，第
三段举例说明人类正采取措施控制沙漠扩张，可见文章谈沙漠
扩张的目的是为了引出人类对它的治理。故选 B。