Transcript Document 7168028

Child Development, 3/e by Robert Feldman
Chapter 11
Physical Development in Middle Childhood
Created by Barbara H. Bratsch
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall
• In what ways do children grow during the school years,
and what factors influence their growth?
• What are the nutritional needs of school-age children, and
what are some causes and effects of improper nutrition?
• What sorts of health threats do school-age children face?
• What are the characteristics of motor development during
middle childhood, and what advantages do improved
physical skills bring?
• What safety threats affect school-age children, and what
can be done about them?
• What sorts of special needs manifest themselves in the
middle childhood years, and how can they be met?
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall
Physical Development in Middle
Childhood
Slow and Steady – it is not unusual for
children in middle childhood to vary as
much as 6-7 inches in height
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall
Nutrition
Children receiving
more nutrients
have more energy
and feel more
self-confident
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall
Childhood Obesity
Obesity is defined as body weight more than
20% above average for a person of similar
height and age. At least 13% of US children
are obese – a proportion that has tripled
since the 1960s
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall
Balanced Diet?
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall
Asthma
Asthma is a chronic condition characterized
by periodic attacks of wheezing, coughing,
and shortness of breath
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall
Psychological Disorders
Childhood Depression
Anxiety Disorders
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall
Motor Development
• Gross motor skills- muscle coordination
improves so children can better learn to ride
bikes, skate, skip rope, and swim
• Fine motor skills- Myelin in the brain
increases significantly from 6-8 years old so
skills such as cursive writing or using a
keyboard are easier to master
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall
Gross Motor Skills
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall
Safety and Children
• Auto accidents rank as the most frequent
source of injury to children between the
ages of 5 and 9
• Fires, burns, drowning, and gun-related
deaths follow in frequency
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall
Injury
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall
Children with Special Needs
• Visual impairment – difficulties in seeing that may include
blindness or partial sightedness
• Auditory impairment – a special need that involves the loss
of hearing or some aspect of hearing
• Speech impairment – speech that deviates so much from
the speech of others that it calls attention to itself,
interferes with communication, or produces maladjustment
in the speaker
• Stuttering – substantial disruption in the rhythm and
fluency of speech; the most common speech impairment
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall
Learning Disabilities
• Learning disabilities – difficulties in the acquisition
and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing,
reasoning, or mathematical abilities
• Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) a learning disability marked by inattention,
impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and a
great deal of inappropriate activity
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall
• Least restrictive environment – the setting most similar to
that of children without special needs
• Mainstreaming – an educational approach in which
exceptional children are integrated as much as possible
into the traditional educational system and are provided
with a broad range of educational alternatives
• Full inclusion – the integration of all students, even those
with the most severe disabilities, into regular classes and
all other aspects of school and community life
Feldman Child Development, 3/e
©2004 Prentice Hall