Transcript Document 7165858

Workplace
Hazards
Identification
And Avoidanceand
The role of ISO
18000/14000
Workplaces can be
Hazardous
Why worry about
hazards?
 Accidents, or “near misses” in
the workplace lead to lessening
productivity:
 it costs time and money to
retrain a new worker
 new workers are not initially
as productive as more
experienced workers
 goods or equipment can be
lost in the accident, costing
the enterprise $ to replace it
 other workers will feel afraid
or unhappy to be working in
a place which could injure
or kill them

-this harms productivity.
Categories of Hazards
Chemical
hazards
 Physical hazards
Classes of
Chemical Hazards
 Compressed gases
 Flammable and
combustible materials
(gases, aerosols,
liquids, solids)
 Oxidizing substances
 Poisons
 Corrosive substances
 Dangerously reactive
materials
 Biological hazards
Poisons
 There are various types of poisons that
have different effects on the body;
ranging from making someone sick for a
long time to killing them instantly.
 Three ways of coming in contact with a
poison:
 ingestion (eating, smoking after
handling the poison)
 inhalation (breathing particles of the
poison)
 absorption (soaking in through the
skin)
 Proper gear to wear while handling
poisons depends on the substance
 Ex: handling mercury which can be
absorbed through the skin, wear
rubber gloves.
Poisons
Different chemicals are harmful in
different amounts. (consumption)
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Ethanol (Pure alcohol)
Methanol (Anti-freeze)
Benzene
DDT (pesticide)
Dioxin
7060 mg/kg
5628 mg/kg
4894 mg/kg
87 mg/kg
0.02 mg/kg
Corrosivity
 Corrosives are chemicals that will damage ( or burn)
skin on contact. Use protective gear: gloves, eye wear,
or chemical suit...
 Any acid or base near the ends of the pH scale is
corrosive.l
Safe
Storage
Unsafe Storage
Pressurized Gases
 All gases in containers are under pressure.
Ex: a balloon.
 They are likely to explode if:
 punctured
 compressed, dropped or dented
 heated
 Pressurized gas explosions, especially flammable
ones, (ex: propane, butane or acetylene) are
very dangerous. Car-sized tanks can destroy
towns kilometres away.
 Make sure safety measures are in place and
working.
Ex: sprinkler systems, emergency
release valves...
 Some safety measures may not prevent property
damage but will save lives, including that of the
surrounding community (children, elderly...)
Gas Explosion and fire - Nevada
Biological
Hazards
 Biological hazards come in various
forms. If it originates from an animal
or has been near an animal, then it is
biological waste. Ex: animal parts and
manure, hospital waste, city sewage...
 Biological hazards contain bacteria or
viruses likely to make people sick.
 Handle with gloves and other safety
precautions dependant on substance.
 Treat before releasing into the
environment:
 (ex: incineration, carbon filtering,
distilling, bleaching, settling etc…
unique to each substance)
Flammable Substances
 Flammable substances are substances that are
likely to quite easily catch fire. Ex: gasoline, diesel
fuel, paper...
 Keep extinguishers and other fire preventive
measures ready (sprinkler systems...)
 Use the right extinguisher for the right substance.
Water won’t put out a grease fire.
Class A: Water extinguishers put out wood,
paper...
Class B: Gas extinguishers or dry extinguishers
put out oil, gas, grease.
Class C: Dry chemical extinguishers put out
electrical fires
Class D: Special/specific extinguisher for such
things as magnesium fires.
Classes of
Physical Hazards
Temperature (heat, cold and their effects)
Slipping, tripping, falling
Collisions with fixed and falling objects,
people, machines
Entrapment (excavations, confined
spaces, machinery)
Asphyxia (lack of air )
Electrocution
Noise
Temperature
 Excessive heat or cold causes lack of productivity, physical
damage or even death.
 The effects of heat are exaggerated by humidity whereby
the body cannot cool itself by sweating
 The effects of cold are exaggerated by wind chill whereby
the wind steals heat away from the body.
How hot is “HOT”
How Cold is “Cold”
Dealing with Temperature
: Ways to prevent damage by heat:
ol the body
ns or open doors, windows allowing a breeze to cool
e body.
hade
old fluid, cold drinks
D: Ways to prevent damage by cold:
eat the body
ear warm clothing, especially the torso and head
work when extreme temperatures encountered
Noise
 Hearing can be damaged by noises that are too loud.
Rustling leaves
Room in a quiet dwelling at midnight
Conversational speech
Vacuum cleaner in private residence (at 10 feet)
Ringing alarm clock (at 2 feet)
Loudly reproduced orchestral music in large room
Beginning of hearing damage if prolonged exposure
Printing press plant
Heavy city traffic
Heavy diesel-propelled vehicle (about 25 feet away)
Air grinder
Home lawn mower
Turbine condenser
150 cubic foot air compressor
Banging of steel plate
Air hammer
Jet airliner (500 feet overhead)
20 dBA
32
60
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Protective equipment
 Hearing can be lost gradually or all
at once.
 Being exposed to very loud noises
at work for years can lead to
deafness.
 Hearing is needed to hear things
such as emergency alarms or
approaching hazards such as
forklifts or trucks.
 Loss of hearing results in the loss
of quality of life and therefore less
motivation in the workplace.
Recognizing Hazards
Labels and lights
fire / reactivity / health / specific
Container shapes
Valves and gauges
Protective coverings
Moving parts
Odours and colours
Temperature
Colour Coding of Equipment
Substance
Water: Fire Protection
Water: Non Potable (Raw)
Water: Potable (Purified)
Anesthetic or Harmful Material
Flammable Material
Oxidizing Material
Physically Dangerous Material
Toxic and Poisonous Material
Color
Red
Black
White
Blue
Yellow
Green
Gray
Brown
Colour
Coding
• Trained employee
•Good railings
•Monitoring process
Protecting Against
Hazards
Label and colour code
Install physical guards
Provide protective
equipment
Train employees in
handling procedures
Limit use of dangerous materials
where possible
Making an Emergency Plan
 Plan for large scale emergencies. (Fires, explosions...)
 An emergency plan will save lives (of workers and community) and property
 In your plan make sure that:
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all emergency exits accessible and known to workers
there is more than one exit
all fire extinguishers, safety valves are in working order
workers know how to use safety equipment
all the chemicals you are using are known
emergency staff know how to deal with the chemicals
A Safe and Happy Worker
is a Productive Worker!
Studies show greater productivity in a
clean, safe environment
Workers are the key to an effective
production process
Worker health is a key indicator of
environmental, social and economic
sustainability
ISO is one emerging
approach
Key to managers – means to take control
and reduce risk
Key to access to foreign markets
Increasingly needed to get insurance,
bank funding, foreign investment and
joint ventures
ISO 18000 and trade
Increasingly used as a non-tariff barrier
along with ISO 14000 to stop goods which
are not compliant entering markets like
Europe
Health and environment are considered in
many trade agreements to be the only
factors which can be used to discriminate
against foreign goods
Why ISO?
 International concern over standards
 Importers want to control product quality and
environmental impacts
 Some nations see ISO as a
potential trade barrier
(green barrier)
 Many firms see economic and
market benefit in obtaining
international certification
 A form of risk management
Why Businesses use ISO
9000, 14000 and now 18000
Improve control
Reduce costs
Confirm compliance
Quality control
Show management
capacity to
potential clients
 Gain market access
 Reduce risk
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History
Past approaches based on regulation and
compliance (needs legislation and
enforcement)
ISO approach is proactive. ISO 9001 and
ISO 14001 are model for action to prevent
problems – done by enterprise or
institution
British Standards Institute took the lead
to develop OHSAS standards ( ISO 18001)
The ISO link
Initial standards were the 9000 series –
focus on management accountability
ISO 14000 series integrated
environmental standards into
management (many were also related to
health and safety issues)
ISO 18000 more explicitly focuses on
workplace health and safety
ISO Standards
 All the 9000/14000/18000 standards are process
standards – that is an enterprise (state or private)
must follow a specific process designed to create
accountability – and to document it.
 While the standards expect the enterprise to meet
the actual substantive standards of a jurisdiction,
they do not specify these standards – each
jurisdiction is expected to have its own – such as
amount of toxins in water, noise in workplace, or
contents of required training.
加拿大企业参与
ISO认证的主要激励因素
 为了向消费着提供一
种保证
 为了建立良好的公众
关系
 可以减少所需支付的
保险费金额
 获得市场份额
 满足 客户在注册方面
的需求
 加强对成本的控制
 减少责任事故的发生
 显示企业的责任心
 降低物料和能源的消
耗
 获得有关部门对企业在有关方面的批准和授权
 降低 为达标和执行有关政府法规所需要投入的
经费
 研究和分享解决环境问题的办法和方案
 改善企业与政府之间的关系
Standards Council of Canada, 2000
Key elements: Initial
Phase
 Occupational Safety and Health Policy
 Worker participation
 Responsibility and accountability
 Competence building and training
 Clear documentation of OSH management system
 Communication
 Initial review (aspects and risks)
 System planning, development , implementation
plan
 Note that this is parallel to ISO 14000 or 9000
Key Elements:
Implementation
Set measurable objectives for OSH
Hazard identification and prevention
(anticipatory, identify risks, preventative
measures, control measures, change
management, emergency prevention and
response – including supply chain such as
procurement and contracting)
Performance monitoring and measurement
(key indicators)
Key Elements:
Management
Review of performance re OSH
Investigation of work related injuries, ill
health, disease and impact on performance
Audit
Regular management review
Preventative and corrective action
Continual improvement (re-design, change
based on reviews)
Some Tools for ISO 18000
On site audit and gap analysis relative to
OHMS standards and guidelines
Management training in OHMS and links
to overall management
Training in:
Documentation
Internal safety audits
Progress assessments in implementation
Performance Measures
Key to setting substantive goals and targets
What are acceptable limits?
What are legislated limits?
Which are monitored regularly as part of ISO
9000/14000/18000
ISO requires that an enterprise monitor on
key measures – challenge is to specify what
is required and to sustain monitoring and
reporting – directly into management
decision proceses
Good Health and Safety
equals good and
sustainable management
良好的健康与安全等于可持续的
良好管理