Transcript Welcome to Hazardous Materials Awareness

Welcome to
Hazardous Materials
Awareness
ATTAINMENT STANDARD
• Without reference, determine the
general principles of a First Responder
at the Awareness Level with at least
80% accuracy.
INTRODUCTION
• First Responders at the Awareness Level
shall be trained to meet all competencies
of NFPA 472 Chapter 2 (1997 Edition).
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INTRODUCTION
• Shall receive additional training to meet
applicable requirements of the:
– U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT)
– Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
– Occupational Safety & Health Administration
(OSHA)
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DEFINITION
• Persons who, in the normal course of their
duties, could be the first on scene of an
emergency involving hazardous materials.
• Expected to recognize the presence of
hazardous materials, protect themselves,
call for trained personnel, and secure the
area.
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GOAL
• The goal of the first responder working
toward the awareness level shall be to
obtain competency in the knowledge and
skills necessary to perform the following
tasks safely:
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GOAL
ANALYZE THE INCIDENT
• Determine the hazardous materials
present and basic response information
by completing the following tasks:
1
2
3
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Detect the presence of HazMat’s
Survey from a safe distance
Collect information from the North
American Emergency Response
Guidebook (NAERG)
GOAL
IMPLEMENT ACTIONS
• Consistent with the Local Emergency
Response Plan (LERP), the organization’s
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), and
the current edition of the NAERG by
completing the following tasks:
1
2
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Initiate protective actions.
Initiate the notification process.
ANALYZING THE INCIDENT
• Given various facility and/or transportation
situations or both, with and without
hazardous materials present, identify
principles of analyzing a hazardous
materials response at the awareness level
with at least 80% accuracy.
DEFINITIONS OF HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS & DANGEROUS GOODS
• Identify the definitions of hazardous
materials (Dangerous Goods in Canada).
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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (DOT)
• Definition: The U.S. Department of
Transportation (DOT), a hazardous
material is one that falls within 11 hazard
classes some of those which have
subcategories known as divisions.
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HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (DOT)
• Additionally, DOT states that “Hazardous
materials pose an unreasonable risk to the
health and safety of operating or emergency
personnel, the public, and/or the environment
if it is not properly controlled during handling,
storage, manufacture, processing, packaging,
use, disposal, or transportation.”
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HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (EPA)
• Definition: Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) term for chemicals that, if released
into the environment above a certain
amount, must be reported, and, depending
on the threat to the environment, federal
involvement in handling the incident can be
authorized.
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EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS
SUBSTANCES (EPA)
• Definition: EPA term for chemicals that
must be reported to the appropriate
authorities if released above the threshold
reporting quantity.
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TOXIC CHEMICALS (EPA)
• Definition: EPA term for chemicals whose
total emissions or release must be
reported annually by owners and operators
of certain facilities that manufacture,
process, or otherwise use a listed toxic
chemical.
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HAZARDOUS WASTES (EPA)
• Definition: EPA term for chemicals that
are regulated under the Resource,
Conservation, and Recovery Act.
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HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS (OSHA)
• Definition: Occupational Safety & Health
Act (OSHA) term that denotes any
chemical that would be a risk to
employees if exposed in the work place.
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HIGHLY HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
• Definition: OSHA term that denotes any
chemical that would posses toxic, reactive,
flammable or explosive properties.
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DANGEROUS GOODS (Canada)
• Definition: All hazardous materials are
called dangerous goods in Canadian
Transportation.
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DOT HAZARD CLASSES & DIVISIONS
• Identify DOT Hazard classes and divisions
of hazardous materials and identify
common examples of materials in each
hazard class or division.
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Primary Hazards
of DOT Classes & Divisions
• Identify the primary hazards associated
with each of the DOT hazard classes and
divisions of hazardous materials by hazard
class or division.
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Placards & Labels
• Identify U.S. and Canadian placards and
labels that indicate hazardous materials.
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Classes & Divisions
• The DOT has classified hazardous
materials according to their primary danger
and assigned standardized symbols to
identify the classes.
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CLASSES & DIVISIONS
• Materials are grouped by their major
hazardous characteristic and many
materials will have other hazards as
well.
Example: A material may be poisonous,
corrosive, and flammable but will only be
grouped with whichever is considered the
worst.
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Class 1 (Explosives)
• Major Hazard: Explosion
• Any substance or article, including a
device, that is designed to function by
explosion (i.e...... an extremely rapid
release of gas and heat) or that, by
chemical reaction with itself, is able to
function by explosion.
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NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Divisions
• DOT has divided Class 1 hazards fall
into 6 divisions.
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NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 1.1
• Mass explosion that
affects almost the
entire load
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Class 1.2
• Projection hazard
but not a mass
explosion hazard
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Class 1.3
• Fire hazard and either a
minor blast or minor
projection hazard
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Class 1.4
• Presents a minor
explosion hazard
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Class 1.5
• Very insensitive explosives
with mass explosion hazard
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Class 1.6
• Extremely insensitive
explosives
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Class 2 - Compressed Gases
• Major Hazard: BLEVE
• Sub Hazards
– Flammable
– Oxidizer
– Poisonous
– Nonflammable
• Divided into 3 divisions
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NFPA Objective 2-
Class 2.1 Flammable Gases
• A material that is a gas at 68º F
or less at 14.7 psi or has a boiling
point of 68º degrees or less at
14.7 psi.
– Ignitable at 14.7 psi in a mixture of
13% or less by volume with air
– Has a flammable range of at least
12% regardless of the lower limit.
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Class 2.2 Nonflammable,
Nonpoisonous Gases
• Any material or mixture that
exerts an absolute pressure of
41 psia at 68º F.
• Compressed gases, including
liquefied gas, pressurized
cryogenic gas, and
compressed gas in solution.
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Class 2.3 Poisonous Gas
• Vaporize easily and very
dangerous to life, even in small
amounts.
• Known to be so toxic to
humans as to pose a hazard to
health during transportation.
• Presumed to be toxic because
of laboratory testing.
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Hazard Zones Associated
with Division 2.3
• Utilizes LC-50 (Lethal Concentration 50%)
• Concentration of a material, expressed as
parts per million which kills half of the lab
animals in a given length of time.
• Significant in determining the toxicity of a
material; the lower the value, the more
toxic the substance.
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2.4 Corrosive Gas (Canada)
• Gases which have a
corrosive hazard
(Canadian transportation only)
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Class 3 Flammable Liquids
• Major Hazard: Burns readily
• Flammable and Combustible liquids
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Flammable Liquids
• Any liquid having a flash point
(FP) of not more than 141
degrees F.
– Three divisions
• 3.1 - FP < 0 degrees F
• 3.2 - FP 0 to < 73 degrees F
• 3.3 - FP 73 to < 141 degrees F
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Combustible Liquid
• Any liquid that does not meet the
definition of any other hazard class
and has a flash point above 141
degrees F and below 200 degrees
F.
– NOTE:
A flammable liquid with a flash point at
or above 100 degrees that does not meet the
definition of any other hazard class except 9, may
be reclassified as combustible.
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Class 4 (Flammable Solids)
• Major Hazard: Rapid combustion
with a liberation of mass quantities of
smoke (toxic).
– Divided into 3 divisions
• 4.1 Flamable Solids
• 4.2 Spontaneously Combustible
• 4.3 Dangerous When Wet
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4.1 Flammable Solids
• Three types
– Wetted explosives
– Self-reactive materials
– Readily combustible solids
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Wetted Explosives
• Explosives wetted with sufficient water,
alcohol, or a plasticizer to suppress
explosive properties.
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Self-Reactive Materials
• Materials that are liable to undergo,
at normal or elevated temperatures, a
strongly exothermic decomposition.
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Readily Combustible Solids
• Solids that may cause a fire through
friction and metal powders that can
be ignited.
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4.2 Spontaneously Combustible Materials
Pyrophoric Materials
• A liquid or solid that, even in
small quantities and without
an external ignition source,
can ignite within 5 minutes
after coming in contact with
air.
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4.2 Spontaneously Combustible Materials
Self-heating material
• A material that, when in contact with
air and without an energy supply, is
liable to self-heat.
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4.3 Dangerous When Wet Materials
• Material that, by contact with
water is liable to become
spontaneously flammable or to
give off flammable or toxic gas
at a rate of greater than
1 l/kg of the material, per hour.
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Class 5 (Oxidizers)
• 2 Divisions
• Major Hazard 5.1:
Supports combustion and intensifies fire.
• Major Hazard 5.2:
Unstable/reactive explosives
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5.1 Oxidizers
• Materials that may, generally
by yielding oxygen, cause or
enhance the combustion of
other materials.
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5.2 Organic Peroxides
• Any organic compound containing
oxygen in the bivalent O-O structure
that may be considered a derivative
of hydrogen peroxide, where one or
more of the hydrogen atoms have
been replaced by organic radicals.
• Organic peroxides have been further
broken down into types a-g
(worst to least hazardous).
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Class 6 Poisons
• 2 Divisions
NOTE: Poisonous gases are Class 2 Division 3
– 6.1 Poisonous Material
• Major Hazard: Toxicity
– 6.2 Infectious Substances
• Major Hazard: Infectious
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6.1 Poisonous Materials
• A material, other than a gas, that is
either known to be so toxic to
humans as to afford a hazard to
health during transportation, or in the
absence of adequate data on human
toxicity, is presumed to be toxic to
humans, including irritating materials
that cause irritation.
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6.2 Infectious Substances
• A viable microorganism, or its toxin,
that causes disease in humans or
animals.
• Infectious substance and etiologic
agents are the same.
• No Placards (labels only)
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Class 7 Radioactive
• Major Hazard: Radioactive
poisonous burns
• Definition: Materials having a
specific activity greater than
0.002 microcurie per gram.
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Class 8 Corrosives
• Major Hazard:
burns/emulsification skin damage.
• Definition - A liquid or solid that
causes visible or irreversible
alterations in human skin tissue at
the site of contact, or a liquid that
has a severe corrosion rate on
steel or aluminum.
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Class 9 Miscellaneous
Hazardous Materials
• A material that presents a
hazard during transport, but
that is not included in another
hazard class
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Class 9
• Division 9.1 - Miscellaneous Dangerous
Goods (Canada)
• Division 9.2 - Environmentally Hazardous
Substances (Canada)
• Division 9.3 - Dangerous Wastes (Canada)
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Other Regulated Materials (ORM-D)
• A material that presents a limited hazard
during transportation due to its
• Form
• Quantity
• Packaging
No Placards (labels only)
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Forbidden Materials
• Materials prohibited from being
offered or accepted for transportation.
Does not apply if the materials are
diluted, stabilized, or incorporated in
devices. There is no placard for these
items since they aren't transported.
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Marine Pollutant
• Is a material that has an adverse
effect on aquatic life.
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Elevated Temperature Material
• Is a material that, when offered for
transportation in a bulk packaging, meets
one of the following conditions:
– Liquid at or above 100ºC (212ºF)
– Liquid with a flash point at or above 37.8ºC (100ºF)
that is intentionally heated and is transported at or
above its flash point.
– Solid at a temperature at or above 240ºC (464ºF)
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HazMat Vs. Other Emergencies
• Identify differences between hazardous
materials incidents and other emergencies.
– Potential for large scale harm
– Specialized training required
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Locations of Hazardous Materials
• Identify typical occupancies and locations in
the community where hazardous materials
are manufactured, transported, stored, used,
or disposed of.
– Warehouses
– Tank Farms
– Weapons Depots
– Hospitals
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Laboratories
Truck Terminals
Flight Line
Maintenance Facilities
Locations of Hazardous Materials
• Personnel developing the pre-incident plans
should seek assistance from the facility
manager in identifying hazardous materials
locations and recording them on the plan in
a way that will be useful to the first-arriving
companies.
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Locations of Hazardous Materials
• Hazardous materials that are manufactured,
stored, processed, or used at a particular site
are NOT subject to regulations affecting
transported materials.
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Front of Pool Supply
Store
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Storage Area
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.5
Container Shapes
• Identify typical container shapes that may
indicate hazardous materials.
– Radioactive
 Protective overpacks
 Casks
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Container Shapes
• Pressurized products
– Cylinders
• Rounded ends
• Cryogenic cylinders (insulated)
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Container Shapes
• Pressurized products (continued)
–
–
–
–
–
MC-331 pressure cargo tank trailer
Pressure tank car
Tube modules
Tube trailers
High pressure tube cars
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MC 331
Pressure Rail Car
Container Shapes
• Cryogenics (a tank-within-a-tank)
– MC-338
– Cryogenic tank car
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MC 338
Cryogenic Rail Car
Container Shapes
• Corrosives
– Carboys
– MC-312
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MC 312
Container Shapes
• Flammable Liquids
- Drums
- Jerricans
- MC-306
- Non-pressure tank car
• Dry Bulk
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MC 306
Non Pressure Rail Car
Hopper
Facility & Transportation Markings
• Identify facility and transportation markings
and colors that indicate hazardous materials.
–
–
–
–
Placards
- Pipeline markings
NFPA 704
- Container markings
Military markings
Special hazard communication markings
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Markings & Colors
• Transportation markings and colors that
indicate hazardous materials.
– Placards
•
•
•
•
United Nations Class Number
Four digit identification number
Symbols and colors
Name of material
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UN/NA ID Numbers
• UN Class numbers
(bottom of placard)
• Hazard class or ID number
on placard or orange panel
• Symbols and colors
• Name of material
POISON
GAS
2
1026
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NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7
Markings & Colors
NFPA 704
• Suggested method for identifying hazardous
materials
• Scale of 0-4 (4 being the worst hazard)
• Used only for facilities when mandated by
local ordinances
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Markings & Colors
– Military hazardous materials markings
• Class 1, Division 1
• Class 1, Division 2
• Class 1, Division 3
• Class 1, Division 4
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Class 1, Division 1
• Materials that present a
mass denotation hazard
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Class 1, Division 2
• Presents an explosion with
fragmentation hazard
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Class 1, Division 3
• Materials with a
mass fire hazard
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Class 1, Division 4
• Materials that present a
moderate fire hazard
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Special Warnings
• Chemical hazards
Highly Toxic
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Harassing
Agents
White Phosphorus
Munitions
Special Warnings
Apply No Water
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Wear Protective
Breathing Apparatus
Markings & Colors
• Special hazard communication markings
• Pipeline markers
– Metal sign placed adjacent to a hazardous
materials pipeline right of way.
– Contains information about
Petroleum
• product and signal word
• ownership of the line
• emergency telephone number
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NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7
Markings & Colors
• Container Markings
– Markings on a container will provide
some indication as to the type of product
it holds
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NFPA 704 Marking System
• Given an NFPA 704 marking, describe the
significance of the colors, numbers, and
special symbols.
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NFPA 704 Marking
• Suggested method for identifying hazardous
materials
• Scale of 0-4 (4 being the worst hazard)
• Used only for facilities when mandated by
local ordinances
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NFPA 704
Colors & Their Meanings
1. Blue = Health
2. Red = Flammability
3. Yellow = Reactivity
4. White = Special
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SPECIAL INFORMATION
Avoid Use of Water
Oxidizer (OX) (OXY)
W
Used by some to indicate
Alkaline materials
Used by some to indicate
Acidic materials
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Material Safety Data Sheets
• Identify where to find Material Safety Data
Sheets (MSDS).
– Why they are necessary
– OSHA has required all establishments to
keep on file an MSDS for each chemical
stored or used on site
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Material Safety Data Sheets
• Identify basic information on Material Safety
Data Sheets (MSDS) that indicates hazardous
materials.
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MSDS Sample
Information
Shipping Papers
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.10
Shipping Papers
• Identify entries on shipping papers that indicate
the presence of hazardous materials.
- Proper shipping name
- Hazard class and division
- Product identification number
- STCC number
- CAS number (chemical’s social security number)
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NFPA Objective 2-2.1.9.3
Shipping Papers
• Match the name of the shipping papers
found in transportation (air, highway, rail,
and water) with the mode of transportation.
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Shipping Papers
• Identify the person responsible for having
the shipping papers in each mode of
transportation.
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Shipping Papers
• Identify where the shipping papers are
found in each mode of transportation.
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Shipping Papers
• Identify where the papers can be found in
an emergency in each mode of
transportation.
– Normal location
• Highway
• Rail
• Water
• Air
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Location of Shipping Papers
& Responsible Person
 Highway
- cab of vehicle - Driver
 Rail - Engine or caboose - with
conductor or engineer
 Water - Wheelhouse or pipe-like
container on a barge - Captain or master
 Air - Cockpit/flight-deck or attached to
package - pilot
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NFPA Objective 2-2.1.9.5
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.10.4
Clues Used to Identify
Hazardous Materials
• Identify examples of clues (other than
occupancy/location, container shape,
markings/colors, placards/labels, MSDS,
and shipping papers) that use the senses
of sight, sound, and odor to indicate
hazardous materials.
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Limitations of Using Your Senses!
• Describe limitations of using the senses in
determining the presence or absence of
hazardous materials.
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Targets of Criminal/Terrorist Activity
Using Hazardous Materials
• Identify types of locations that could
become targets for criminal or terrorist
activity using hazardous materials.
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Criminal/Terrorist Activity Indicators
• Identify at least 4 indicators of possible
criminal or terrorist activity involving
hazardous materials.
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Difficulties Determining Names
of Hazardous Materials
• Identify difficulties encountered in
determining the specific names of
hazardous materials in both facilities
and transportation.
– Facilities
– Transportation
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Sources for Obtaining Names
of Hazardous Materials
• Identify sources for obtaining the names
of, UN\NA identification numbers for, or
types of placard associated with
hazardous materials in transportation.
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Obtaining Names of Products
in Facilities
• Identify sources for obtaining names of
hazardous materials in a facility.
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Protecting Yourself & Others
• Identify the basic precautions to be taken
to protect themselves and others in a
hazardous materials incident.
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Victim Medical Care
• Identify the precautions necessary when
providing emergency medical care to
victims of hazardous material incidents.
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Ignition Sources
at HazMat Incidents
• Identify the typical ignition sources found
at the scenes of hazardous materials
incidents.
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Harmful Effects
of Hazardous Materials
• Identify ways hazardous materials are
harmful to people, the environment, and
property at hazardous materials incidents.
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Routes of Entry
• Identify general routes of entry for human
exposure to hazardous materials.
– Contact
– Absorption
– Inhalation
– Ingestion
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Collecting Information
& Initiating Response Actions
• Given the name, UN/NA identification number or type
placard, a current copy of the North American
Emergency Response Guidebook (NAERG) a local
emergency response plan and standard operating
procedures, and a facility or transportation scenario
including hazardous materials, collect hazard
information, initiate protective actions, and initiate
the notification process within 60 minutes.
Determine the Appropriate
Guidebook Pages
• Four digit ID# (yellow pages)
• Spelling of the product (blue pages)
• Placards (table of placards)
• Dealing with an unknown
Information Available
NAERG General Hazards
• Identify the two general types of hazards
found on each guide page.
– Fire and Explosion Hazard
– Health Hazard
– “P” presents a polymerization hazard
NAERG Response Information
• Given the identity of various hazardous
materials (name, UN/NA identification
number, or type placard), identify the
following response information:
– Emergency actions from guide pages
– Protective Clothing
– Initial isolation & protective action distances
NAERG Personnel Protective Clothing
• Given the name of a hazardous material,
identify the recommended personal protective
clothing from the following list:
– Street clothing and work uniforms
– Structural fire fighter’s protective clothing
– Positive pressure SCBA
– Chemical protective clothing and equipment.
Protective Actions
• Identify the definitions for each of the
following protective actions:
– Isolate hazard area and deny entry
– Evacuate
– Sheltering in-place protection
NAERG Protective Zone Shapes
• Identify the shapes of recommended initial
isolation and protective action zones.
– Initial isolation zone is circular.
– The protective action zone is a square shape.
Initial Isolation Zone and Protective Action Zone
PROTECTIVE
ACTION ZONE
1/2
DOWNWIND
DISTANCE
INITIAL
ISOLATION
ZONE
INITIAL
ISOLATION
DISTANCE
Downwind
Distance
1/2
DOWNWIND
DISTANCE
Small Versus Large Spills
• Describe the difference between small and
large spills as found in the table of Initial
Isolation and Protective Action Distances.
– Small spill
– Large spill
Small Spill
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.4.4
Large Spill
Initial & Protective Action Distances
• Identify the circumstances under which the
following distances are used at a hazardous
materials incident:
– Table of initial isolation and protective action
distances
– Isolation distance in the numbered guides
Green Versus Orange
Bordered Pages
• Describe the difference between the isolation
distances in the orange-bordered guide
pages and the protective action distances in
the green-boarded pages.
– Green-bordered
– Orange-boarded
Where is Your LERP & SOP’s?
• Location of both the Local Emergency
Response Plan (LERP) and the organization’s
Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).
Role of the Awareness Level
Emergency Responder
• Guidelines are found in:
– The local emergency response plan.
– The organization’s standard operating
procedures.
– North American Emergency Response
Guidebook
Techniques Used
to Isolate & Deny Entry
• Identify the techniques used to isolate the
hazard area and deny entry to unauthorized
persons at hazardous materials incidents.
Criminal/Terrorist Specific Actions
• Identify the specific actions necessary
when an incident is suspected to involve
criminal or terrorist activity.
Initial Notification Procedures
• Given either a facility or transportation scenario
involving hazardous materials, regardless of the
presence of criminal or terrorist activities, the first
responder at the awareness level shall identify the
appropriate initial notifications to be made and
how to make them, consistent with the local
emergency response plan or the organization's
standard operating procedures.
Initial Notification Procedures
• To make the appropriate notifications the
awareness level responder must:
– Be familiar with the notification process
– Rapidly set the proper notification process
in motion
Final Exam
• Administer the Awareness computer-based
final exam on CerTest and the required
performance test evaluations.