THE DARFUR CONFLICT A HUMANITARIAN DISASTER
Download
Report
Transcript THE DARFUR CONFLICT A HUMANITARIAN DISASTER
THE DARFUR CONFLICT
A HUMANITARIAN DISASTER
KEY FIGURES…
400,000 people died
2 million have been driven from their homes
TABLE OF CONTENTS…
Geography
Background
Chronology of facts
International response
Conclusion
GEOGRAPHY
3 tribes:
The Fur
The Masalit
The Zaghawa
BACKGROUND…
Inequity between the center of the country
(regions along the Nile) and the rest of the
country such as Darfur
Environmental disaster
Political opportunism
Regional geopolitics
BACKGROUND…
Early 15th century: establishment of a sultanate which
gave Islam the status of « state religion »
Conquest by the Turco-Egyptian force expanding along
the Nile
defeated by another self-proclaimed state called
« Mahdi »
Mahdist state collapsed under the onslaught of the
British force: creation of a British-Egyptian condominium
Autonomy of Darfur until 1916: incorporation to Sudan
Nile valley received the bulk of British investment
Arab-African dichotomy
BACKGROUND…
Interactions between Sudan, Lybia and Chad
Establishment of Darfur as a rear base (decided by
Sudanese preseident)
1983-84: famine
Civil war
BACKGROUND…
In 2003:
•Government
•Janjaweed Militia
(the leader is the former
officer of the Sudanese
army)
•Justice Equality
Movement (JEM)
associated with the Fur,
Masalit and a clan of
Zaghawa
•Sudan Liberation
Movement (SLM)
associated with another
clan of Zaghawa
Sudanese armies bombed the villages of Darfur
CHRONOLOGY OF FACTS…
April 2004: ceasefire declared between the Sudanese
government and JEM and SLM
Kofi ANAN: « the risk of genocide is frighteningly real in
Darfur
May 2006: agreement signed by the Sudanese
governement and the faction of the SLA (Sudan
Liberation Army=the military branch of the SLM) but
rejected by the JEM and a rival faction of the SLA.
CHRONOLOGY OF FACTS…
July-August 2006: fighting started again – Kofi Anan
suggested to bring a force of 17,000 international
peacekeepers to replace the African Union force of 7,000
Sudan opposed
August 24th: UNSC meeting with its plan of sending
10,000 Sudanese soldiers instead ot the proposed
20,000 peacekeeping force but Sudan refused to attend
this meeting
CHRONOLOGY OF FACTS…
August 31st: UNSC resolution to send a
new peacekeeping force of 20,000
strong opposition of Sudan
September 5th: Sudan wants the AU to
leave the region. The AU mandates expires
on September 30th but might remain
passed the deadline
October-November: deterioration of the
situation which extend to Chad and the
Central African Republic. Vote for the
extension of the UN mission in Sudan until
April 30th 2007.
INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE…
Beginning with reports of Amnesty International and the
International Crisis Group
Medias cover the events since 2004
September 2004: the UNSC calls for a Commission of
Inquiry (Resolution 1564)
« genocidal intent appears to be missing »
March 2005: UNSC refers to the International Criminal
Court
In 2006: criticism of the international response, great
powers have different interests in Sudan.
Oil-bearing interests of the USA, Great Britain, China…
CONCLUSION…
The interests of great
powers seems to be an
obstacle
The right of interference
is questionned