Historical Books Part 1

© John Stevenson, 2009

Pentateuch Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Historical Books Poetic Books Prophetic Books Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 st & 2 nd Samuel, 1 st & 2 nd Kings, 1 st & 2 nd Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Eccles., Song of Solomon Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Minor Prophets

• Moses dies • Joshua takes the land

Jericho



Gibeon



Ai



Jericho



Joshua 10:1-2

Now it came about when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai, and had utterly destroyed it (just as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king), and that the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were within their land, that he feared greatly, because Gibeon was a great city, like one of the royal cities, and because it was greater than Ai, and all its men were mighty.

Jarmuth



Descent of Beth Horon



Ai



Gibeon



Jerusalem



Jericho



Eglon



Lachish Confederation of Kings from the South



Hebron

Joshua 10:11

And it came about as they fled from before Israel, while they were at the descend of Beth-horon, that the Lord threw large stones from heaven on them, as far as Azekah, and they died; there were more who died from the hailstones than those whom the sons of Israel killed with the sword.

~yIm;V'h;-!mi



Eglon Jarmuth

 

Azekah Descent of Beth Horon



Ai



Gibeon



Jerusalem



Lachish



Hebron



Jericho

Joshua 10:12-13

Then Joshua spoke to the Lord in the day when the Lord delivered up the Amorites before the sons of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, "O sun, stand still at Gibeon, And O moon in the valley of Aijalon." So the sun stood still, and the moon stopped, Until the nation avenged themselves of their enemies.

Is it not written in the book of Jashar? And the sun stopped in the middle of the sky, and did not hasten to go down for about a whole day.

Joshua 10:14

And there was no day like that before it or after it, when the Lord listened to the voice of a man; for the Lord fought for Israel.

Hazor



Achshaph

  

Madon Shimron

Hazor

Initial Appeal: Preparations to take the Land (1-5) Closing Appeal: Living in the Land (22-24) Conquest of the Land (6-12) Distribution of the Land (13-21)

Genesis & Joshua

A Culmination of Promise Genesis ends with a promise of the bones of Joseph Joshua ends with the fulfillment of that promise

“The LORD raised up a deliverer.” “And when the sons of Israel cried out to the LORD…” “The Israelites did evil in the sight of the LORD.” “The LORD sold them into the hands of their enemies”

“The LORD raised up a deliverer.” “And when the sons of Israel cried out to the LORD…”

Ehud Deborah Gideon Jephthah Samson

“The Israelites did evil in the sight of the LORD.” “The LORD sold them into the hands of their enemies”

Prologue in two parts (1-2) Othniel Narrative (3:7-11) •Ehud Narrative (3:12-31) Judge is social outcast Oppressors from east of the Jordan •Deborah/Barak Narrative (4-5) Woman slays enemy with blow to head Gideon Narrative (6:1 – 8:32) •Abimelech Narrative (8:33 – 10:5) Woman slays enemy with blow to head •Jephthah Narrative (10:6 – 12:15) Judge is social outcast Oppressors from east of the Jordan Samson Narrative (13-16) Epilogue in two parts (17-21)

Judges 17:6

In those days there was no king in Israel; every man did what was right in his own eyes.

17:1 19:1 Levite from Bethlehem becomes a priest to the people of Dan Concubine from Bethlehem murdered in Gibeah and sparks war against tribe of Benjamin

Hill Country of Ephraim Gibeon

 

Jebus (Jerusalem)



Gibeah



Bethlehem

Judges 17:6

In those days there was no king in Israel; every man did what was right in his own eyes.

17:1 19:1 Ruth Levite from Bethlehem becomes a priest to the people of Dan Concubine from Bethlehem murdered in Gibeah and sparks war against tribe of Benjamin Ruth and Naomi return to Bethlehem where Ruth has grandfather of David

Naomi’s Bitterness (1) Naomi’s Blessing (4:13-21) Ruth discovers a potential kinsman redeemer (2) Boaz acquires right to be a kinsman redeemer (4:1-12) Boaz agrees to be a kinsman redeemer (3)

Samuel

• Judge • Prophet • Priest

Saul

• Tribe of Benjamin • City of Gibeah • Anointed as King

And he took a yoke of oxen and cut them in pieces, and sent them throughout the territory of Israel by the hand of messengers, “Whoever saying, does not come out after Saul and after Samuel, so shall it be done to his oxen.

” (1 Samuel 11:7)



Gibeah



Jabesh-gilead AMMON

1 Samuel 15:1-3

1 Then Samuel said to Saul, "The LORD sent me to anoint you as king over His people, over Israel; now therefore, listen to the words of the LORD.

2 "Thus says the LORD of hosts, 'I will punish Amalek

for

what he did to Israel, how he set himself against him on the way while he was coming up from Egypt.

3 Now go and strike Amalek and utterly destroy all that he has, and do not spare him; but put to death both man and woman, child and infant, ox and sheep, camel and donkey.'"

Israel

Amalekites

1 Samuel 15:22

And Samuel said, “Has the LORD as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices As in obeying the voice of the LORD?

Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice,

And

to heed than the fat of rams.

”

1 Samuel 15:23

"For rebellion is as the sin of divination, And insubordination is as iniquity and idolatry. Because you have rejected the word of the LORD, He has also rejected you from

being

king."

1 Samuel 15:27-28

27 And as Samuel turned to go,

Saul

seized the edge of his robe, and it tore.

28 So Samuel said to him, "The LORD has torn the kingdom of Israel from you today, and has given it to your neighbor who is better than you.

David’s Rise to Power

The Goliath Incident Growing Popularity Fugitive

So the Philistines gathered together and came and camped in Shunem; and Saul gathered all Israel together and they camped in Gilboa. (1 Samuel 28:5).

Shunem



Mount Gilboa



Endor Philistines Armies of Israel

1 Samuel 28:11-12

Then the woman said, “Whom shall I bring up for you?” And he said, “Bring up Samuel for me.” When the woman saw Samuel, she cried out with a loud voice; and the woman spoke to Saul, saying, “Why have you deceived me? For you are Saul.”

1 Samuel 28:13-14

And the king said to her, afraid; but what do you “Do not be see?” And the woman said to Saul, “I see a divine being [Elohim] coming up out of the earth.

” And he said to her, form?” And she said, “What is his “An old man is coming up, and he is wrapped with a robe.

” And Saul knew that it was Samuel, and he bowed with his face to the ground and did homage.

1 Samuel 28:18-19

“As you did not obey the Lord and did not execute His fierce wrath of Amalek, so the Lord has done this thing to you this day.

Moreover the Lord will also give over Israel along with you into the hands of the Philistines, therefore tomorrow you and your sons will be with me.

Indeed the Lord will give over the army of Israel into the hands of the Philistines!”

1 Samuel 31:6

Thus Saul died with his three sons, his armor bearer, and all his men on that day together.

David as King

• King over Judah • King over Israel • Capital in Jerusalem

Jerusalem

 

Hebron JUDAH

EGYPT Solomon’s Kingdom ASSYRIA

1 Kings 4:25

So Judah and Israel lived in safety, every man under his vine and his fig tree, from Dan even to Beersheba, all the days of Solomon.

Dan

 

Beersheba

And it came about when the priests came from the holy place, that the

cloud

filled the house of the LORD, 11 so that the priests could not stand to minister because of the

cloud

, for the glory of the LORD filled the house of the LORD. (1 Kings 8:11-12).

1 Kings 11:1-2

Now King Solomon loved many foreign women along with the daughter of Pharaoh: Moabite, Ammonite, Edomite, Sidonian, and Hittite women, 2 from the nations concerning which the LORD had said to the sons of Israel, “You shall not associate with them, neither shall they associate with you,

for

they will surely turn your heart away after their gods.

” Solomon held fast to these in love.

1 Kings 11:3-4

And he had seven hundred wives, princesses, and three hundred concubines, and his wives turned his heart away.

4 For it came about when Solomon was old, his wives turned his heart away after other gods; and his heart was not wholly devoted to the LORD his God, as the heart of David his father

had been

.

1 Kings 11:30-31

Then Ahijah took hold of the new cloak which was on him, and tore it into twelve pieces.

And he said to Jeroboam, “Take for yourself ten pieces; for thus says the Lord, the God of Israel, ‘Behold, I will tear the kingdom out of the hand of Solomon and give you ten tribes.

’”

1 Samuel 15 1 Kings 11 Matthew 27 Mark 15 Luke 23

Samuel & Saul

Saul tears Samuel’s robe and it is used as a picture of the kingdom being torn from Saul

Ahijah & Jeroboam

Ahijah tears his robe and gives 10 pieces to Jeroboam to illustrate how the kingdom will be torn apart

Jesus on the Cross

The veil of the temple is torn from top to bottom to show the way to the kingdom of God has been opened

Dan ISRAEL Samaria

 

Shechem



Penuel Bethel



JUDAH

Southern Kingdom of Judah Category Northern Kingdom of Israel 19 Kings, 1 Queen Jerusalem Kings Capital 19 Kings Shechem/Samaria Judah & Benjamin Tribes Ten Northern Tribes Most were unstable; some were good, some were bad Conquered by Babylon in 586 B.C.

Legacy of Kings Fall All were bad; Ahab and Ahaziah were idol worshipers Conquered by Assyria in 721 B.C.

Returned to the land Return No Return

SIDON Ethbaal (Itto-Baal) Jezebel ISRAEL OMRI Ahab Sidon



Israel Judah

Sidon

 Now Elijah the Tishbite, who was of the settlers of Gilead, said to Ahab, “As the Lord, the God of Israel lives, before whom I stand, surely there shall be neither dew nor rain these years, except by my word.

” (1 Kings 17:1).

Israel Judah

Yahweh

Elijah Who will you serve?

Baal

Ahab

Mount Carmel Sidon



Israel Judah

An Outline of 1

st

& 2

nd

Kings

The United Kingdom of Solomon (1 Kings 1-12) Wars of Judah and Israel (1 Kings 13-16) The Ministry of Elijah (1 Kings 17 - 2 Kings 1). The Passing of the Prophetic Mantle from Elijah to Elisha (2 Kings 2). The Ministry of Elisha (2 Kings 3-13). Wars of Judah and Israel 2 Kings 14-17). The Kingdom of Judah (2 Kings 18-25).

SIDON Ethbaal (Itto-Baal) Jezebel ISRAEL OMRI Ahab Ahaziah JUDAH ASA Jehoshaphat Joram Athaliah Jehoram Ahaziah Joash

• Jerusalem • Nineveh

Assyrian Terror Tactics

Samaria

2 Kings 17:6

In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria captured Samaria and carried Israel away into exile to Assyria. and settled them in Halah and Habor, on the river of Gozarx and in the cities of the Medes.

2 Kings 17:7-8

Now this came about, because the sons of Israel had sinned against the Lord their God, who had brought them up from the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh, king of 8 Egypt, and their had feared other gods and walked in the customs of the nations whom the Lord had driven out before the sons of Israel, and in the customs of the kings of Israel which they had introduced.

Hezekiah’s Reformation

• • • •

Religious Reform Envoys from Merodach-Baladan Revolt against Assyria Hezekiah’s Tunnel

2 Kings 19:35-36

Then it happened that night that the angel of the Lord went out, and struck 185,000 in the camp of the Assyrians; and when men rose early in the morning, behold, all of them were dead.

So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed and returned home, and lived at Nineveh.

Taylor Prism

“As for Hezekiah, the Jew, who did not submit to my yoke, 46 of his strong walled cities, as well as the small cities in their neighborhood, which were without number, by escalade and bringing up siege engines... Himself, like a caged bird, I shut up in Jerusalem, his royal city.

Reform under Josiah

• •

Religious Reform Fall of Assyria

EGYPT Megiddo



Carchemish



Scythians Assyria Medes Babylon

EGYPT Megiddo



Carchemish



Scythians Assyria Medes Babylon

605 B.C. 597 B.C. 586 B.C.

Hostages taken from among the nobility including Daniel and his three friends A total of 10,000 of the craftsmen are taken along with Ezekiel The Temple is destroyed and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem are taken into captivity

And he burned the house of the LORD, the king's house, and all the houses of Jerusalem; even every great house he burned with fire. (2 Kings 25:9).

Kings

Prophetic Perspective: Judgments Wars Prominent History of thrones Israel & Judah Morality

Chronicles

Priestly Perspective: Hope Temple Prominent History of Davidic line Mostly Judah Redemption

610 600 590 580 570 560 550 540 530

Kings of Judah Joel?

Zephaniah Babylonian Captivity

Amos

Jerusalem & Temple Destroyed

The Prophet of Social Justice

Daniel Jeremiah Habakkuk Obadiah?

Ezekiel Return from Exile

Lydians Babylon



Medes Persians

Ezra 1:2-3

Thus says Cyrus king of Persia, “The LORD, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth and He has appointed me to build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah.

3 Whoever there is among you of all His people, may his God be with him! Let him go up to Jerusalem which is in Judah and rebuild the house of the LORD, the God of Israel; He is the God who is in Jerusalem.

Ezra 1:4

Cyrus the Great

“Every survivor, at whatever place he may live, let the men of that place support him with silver and gold, with goods and cattle, together with a freewill offering for the house of God which is in Jerusalem.

”

Cyrus the Great Permission given to rebuild Cambyses Construction halted Haggai & Zechariah prophesy and urge construction to begin again

Cyrus the Great Darius the Great Permission given to rebuild Cambyses Construction halted Permission given to complete

1 st Return under Zerubbabel & rebuilding Temple Events of Book of Esther Ezra 1-6 Book of Esther 2 nd Return under Ezra Ezra 7-10 538-516 B.C.

473 B.C.

458-457 B.C.

3 rd Return under Nehemiah & rebuilding walls Book of Nehemiah 445-444 B.C.

Cast of Characters

• • •

Esther (also known as Hadassah).

Ahasuerus: Xerxes Mordecai & Haman

The Narrative

• A new queen • Mordecai saves the king • Haman’s jealousy • A plan for ethnic cleansing • Plea to Esther • Haman’s plan • The king’s plan • Esther’s revelation • The Jewish deliverance

Esther 9:24

For Haman the son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the adversary of all the Jews, had schemed against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur, that is the lot, to disturb them and destroy them.

Haman

A descendant of Agag (Esther 3:1), the king of the Amalekites whose life Saul spared in disobedience to the command of God.

The enemy of the people of God

Mordecai

From the tribe and family of Saul (Esther 2:5).

The savior of the people of God

Points to Ponder

• •

Esther is the book of God’s Providence The Success of Haman’s plot would also exterminate the seed through which the Messiah would come

•

This book reminds us that God works in the lives of both the great and the small

A Picture of Christ

The Story The Picture

Esther was the virgin bride who married the king.

The king’s former wife had been displeasing and had been set aside.

The church is the spotless bride who marries the King The natural branches were broken off due to unbelief.

A Picture of Christ

The Story The Picture

Haman plotted against Mordecai and against all the Jews.

Satan has set himself against Christ and against all men Mordecai convinces Esther to intercede on behalf of her people.

Jesus Himself interceded on behalf of His church.

A Picture of Christ

The Story The Picture

Esther agrees to intercede after the people have fasted for three days.

Christ interceded on our behalf and then was in the grave three days.

Haman plans to have Mordecai executed for not bowing down to him.

Jesus was tempted by Satan to worship him; Satan’s attack culminated in the cross.

A Type of Christ

The Story The Picture

Haman met his end on the gallows he had intended for Modecai.

Christ intentionally went to the cross that was prepared for us.

In both cases, that which looked like certain death and defeat was turned into ultimate victory.