Transcript Chapter 8 Understanding Sexuality Chapter Outline      Psychosexual Development in Young Adulthood Psychosexual Development in Middle Adulthood Psychosexual Development in Later Adulthood Sexual Behavior Sexual Enhancement.

Chapter 8
Understanding
Sexuality
Chapter Outline
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Psychosexual Development in
Young Adulthood
Psychosexual Development in
Middle Adulthood
Psychosexual Development in
Later Adulthood
Sexual Behavior
Sexual Enhancement
Chapter Outline
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Sexual Relationships
Nonconsensual Sexual Behavior
Sexual Problems and Dysfunctions
Birth Control
Sexually Transmitted Diseases and HIV
/Aids
Sexual Responsibility
Developmental Tasks In
Young Adulthood
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Integrating love and sex.
Forging intimacy and commitment.
Making fertility/childbearing
decisions.
Establishing a sexual orientation.
Developing a sexual philosophy.
Traditional Female Sexual
Scripts
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Sex is both good and bad.
Girls don’t want to know about their
bodies “down there.”
Sex is for men.
Men should know what women want.
Women shouldn’t talk about sex.
Women should look like models.
There is only one right way to
experience orgasm.
Traditional Male Sexual
Scripts
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Men should not have (or not express)
certain feelings.
Performance is the thing that counts.
The man is in charge.
A man always wants sex and is ready
for it.
All physical contact leads to sex.
Sex equals intercourse.
Sexual intercourse always leads to
orgasm.
Traits Associated with the
Traditional Male Role
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Sexual competence.
Ability to give partners orgasms.
Sexual desire.
Prolonged erection.
Being a good lover.
Fertility.
Reliable erection.
Heterosexuality.
Contemporary Sexual
Scripts
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Sexual expression is positive.
Sexual activities are a mutual
exchange of erotic pleasure.
Sexuality is equally involving of
both partners, and the partners
are equally responsible.
Contemporary Sexual
Scripts
Legitimate sexual activities are not
limited to sexual intercourse but also
include masturbation and oral-genital
sex.
 Sexual activities may be initiated by
either partner.
 Both partners have a right to
experience orgasm, through
intercourse, oral genital sex, or manual
stimulation.
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Contemporary Sexual
Scripts
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Nonmarital sex is acceptable within
a relationship context.
Gay, lesbian, and bisexual
relationships are increasingly
accepted, especially on college
campuses and in large cities.
Stages in Acquiring a
Lesbian or Gay Identity
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Fear and suspicion that one’s desires
are different from those of others.
Labeling feelings of attraction, love,
and desire as homoerotic if they recur
often enough.
The person’s self-definition as lesbian
or gay.
Entering the gay subculture.
First lesbian or gay love affair.
Hate/Bias Crimes Against
Gays
According to one study of anti-gay hate
crimes in eight U.S. cities:
 19% of gay men and lesbians reported
being punched, kicked, beaten, or hit
because of sexual orientation.
 44% faced threats of such violence.
 94% suffered anti-gay victimization,
including being verbally abused, chased
or pelted with objects, spat upon, or
assaulted.
Factors in Anti-Gay
Prejudice
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Deeply rooted insecurity
concerning the person’s own
sexuality and gender identity.
Strong fundamentalist religious
orientation.
Simple ignorance concerning
homosexuality.
Bisexual Identity
Formation
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Initial confusion.
Finding and applying the bisexual
label.
Settling into the identity and
feeling at home with the bisexual
label.
Continued uncertainty.
Psychosexual Development
In Middle Adulthood
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Redefining sex in marital or other
long-term relationships.
Reevaluating one’s sexuality.
Accepting the biological aging
process.
Psychosexual Development
in Later Adulthood
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Changing sexuality.
Loss of partner.
Conditions For Good Sex
Accurate information about sexuality,
especially your own and your partner’s.
 Orientation toward sex based on
pleasure rather than performance and
orgasm.
 Being involved in a relationship that
allows each person’s sexuality to
flourish.
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Conditions For Good Sex
Ability to communicate about sex,
feelings, and relationships.
 Being equally assertive and sensitive
about your own sexual needs and those
of your partner.
 Accepting, understanding, and
appreciating differences between
partners.
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Common Conditions for
Good Sex
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Feeling intimate with your partner.
Feeling sexually capable.
Feeling trust.
Feeling aroused.
Feeling physically and mentally alert.
Feeling positive about the environment
and situation.
Premarital Intercourse:
Individual factors
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Previous sexual experience
– Once the psychological barrier
against premarital sex is broken, sex
becomes less taboo.
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Sexual attitudes
– Those with liberal sexual attitudes are
more likely to engage in sexual
activity.
Premarital Intercourse:
Individual factors
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Personality characteristics
– Men and women who do not feel high levels
of guilt about sexuality are more likely to
engage in sex.
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Gender:
– Women are more likely to comply with
partner-initiated sex to maintain their
relationships.
Premarital Intercourse:
Relationship factors
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Level of intimacy.
Length of time the couple has
been together.
Persons in relationships in which
power is shared equally are more
likely to be sexually involved than
those in inequitable relationships.
Lifetime Incidence of
Infidelity
Sexual Problems Among
Traditional Marriages
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Failure of timing:
– If men more often initiate sex,
couples may suffer from a lack of
synchronicity.
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Failure of intimacy.
Failure of sexual empathy:
– Some couples fail to realize that what
one finds pleasing the other may not.
Sexual Problems Among
Traditional Marriages
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Failure of reciprocity:
– One partner, more often the woman,
feels as if she gives more than she
receives.
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Failure of overromanticization:
– Women may have romanticized
expectations of sex.
Extramarital sex
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Three basic forms:
– Sexual but not emotional
– Sexual and emotional
– Emotional but not sexual
Heterosexual Sexual
Dysfunctions
Sexual Dysfunctions
Recurring persistent problems in giving
and receiving erotic satisfaction.
 Most common female problems:
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– orgasmic dysfunction, arousal difficulties,
and dyspareunia (painful intercourse).
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Most common male problems:
– erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation,
and delayed orgasm.
Causes of Sexual
Dysfunction
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Performance anxiety.
Conflicts within the self.
Relationship discord.
Characteristics of
HIV/AIDS
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HIV is the virus that causes acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
– Acquired - people are not born with it.
– Immunodeficiency - relates to the body’s
immune system, which is lacking in
immunity.
– Syndrome- symptoms occur together.
AIDS and Ethnicity, 1996
Sexual Responsibility
Includes:
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Disclosing intentions:
– Reveal whether sex indicates love,
commitment, recreation, and so on.
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Freely and mutually agreed-upon sexual
activities:
– No physical or emotional coercion.
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Mutually agreed-upon contraception:
– There is equal responsibility for preventing
unintended pregnancy.
Sexual Responsibility
Includes:
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Use of “safer sex” practices.
Disclosure of infection from or
exposure to STDs.
Acceptance of the consequences of
sexual behavior:
– These can include emotional changes,
pregnancy, abortion,and sexually
transmitted diseases.