CHAPTER 3 THE AGE OF EXPLORATION & ISOLATION 3.1 EUROPEANS EXPLORE THE EAST GOD, GLORY & GOLD • Europeans Seek new trade routes • Nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon.
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CHAPTER 3 THE AGE OF EXPLORATION & ISOLATION 3.1 EUROPEANS EXPLORE THE EAST GOD, GLORY & GOLD • Europeans Seek new trade routes • Nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and pepper • Was extremely expensive to send from Asia to Europe • Reason to find a sea trade route • Also wanted to spread Christianity NEW TECHNOLOGY • Early ships could not sail against the wind • Caravel could cross 3,000 miles of ocean • Navigation - Astrolabe & magnetic compass PORTUGAL • Took the lead in exploration • Big push from the Prince • Made a series of trade ports along Africa • Bartolomeu Dias • Rounded the tip of Africa • Vasco da Gama • First sailor to India • 27,000 miles • Cargo was worth 60x's the cost of the trip SPAIN • Christopher Columbus • Convinced the Spanish Monarch to finance a trip • Find a route to India by going West • Mistook an island in the Caribbean for the Indies RIVALRY • Portugal believed Spain was claiming their lands • Pope drew an imaginary line through the Atlantic • Treaty o Tordesilla to honor agreement TRADING EMPIRE • Tried building large trading empire • Took spice trade from Muslims • Able to defeat Muslim ships by use of cannon • Began building forts • Successfully stopped the Italian/Muslim trade OTHER NATIONS • Dutch & English began to challenge Portugal • By 1600 the Dutch owned the largest fleet • 20,000 vessels • Created the Dutch East India Trading Company • Increased its influence over the Indian Ocean 3.2 CHINA LIMITS EUROPEAN CONTACT MING DYNASTY • Peasant's son commands a rebel army • Drives out Mongols • Pushes Agriculture Production & Erasing Mongols • Merit based civil service examinations • Problems causes him to be ruthless • Purges government - Kills thousands VOYAGES • Zheng He commands all voyages • Large ships, large measurements, distances • 40-300 ships each voyage each over 400 feet long • After 7th voyage they withdraw to isolation FOREIGN RELATIONS • Only government was allowed to conduct foreign trade • Did not become industrialized • Money "Supporting foreigners and robbery" • Chinese favored agriculture - taxes were low QING DYNASTY • 1600 Ming Dynasty became weak • Rebellion follows weak government • Manchus - Northeast of Great Wall • Invades China & becomes new dynasty QING DYNASTY • Reduces government & lowered taxes • Opens up to science, math & medicine ISOLATION • If country's wanted to trade had to follow rules • Trade only at certain ports • Pay tribute • Dutch accepts rules but England did not LIFE IN MING & QING • Women • Sons were favored over girls • Only sons allowed to do religious rituals • Many female infants were killed • Most women were forced to remain inside the home 3.3 PG. 108 JAPAN RETURNS TO ISOLATION FEUDALISM • Security comes from a group of powerful warlords • Built forts & castles • Created small armies of samurai on horses • Created disorder NEW LEADERS • Several leaders wanted to rule entire country • Oda Nobunagaa - seized capital • "Rule the empire by force" • Not able to unify Japan • Committed seppuku TOKUGAWA IEYASU • Unifies Japan • To keep from rebellions • Requires local leaders to spend every other year in the capital. • On the off years they had to leave their families as hostage SOCIETY IN JAPAN • Emperor had top rank but just figure head • Shogun - supreme military commander held power • Next diamyo - powerful Samurai CLOSED COUNTRY POLICY • Persecutes Christians • Keep out Merchants & missionaries • Japanese were forbidden to leave Japan