Ming and Qing Dynasties

A new age in China Ming: (1368 – 1644) Qing: (1644 – 1911)

The Rise of a Dynasty  1368 •A rebel army drives out the Mongols (Yuan Dynasty) •Capital moved from Nanjing to Beijing

A Return to Confucianism  Confucian Standards for Government and Education  Civil Service Exams

An Age of Exploration  Zheng He Explores the World (1405) •Show power and splendor •Tribute System •Distributed gifts to show Chinese superiority

Ming Vase

Ming Vase

Great Wall

Cultural Isolation    Tight Government Control of Trade Smuggling/Pirating The Great Wall

The Great Wall        “Created” by the Ming Dynasty • (began in 1 st • In disrepair century BCE during Qin ) Throughout late 15 th and 16 th Century 100,000s of workers 1,500 miles 33 – 49 feet high Watch Towers, Living Quarters, Signal Towers Wanted to eliminate Mongol and other foreign influence

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Ming Fall

Navy and coastal defenses ineffective • Coast looted by pirates Ineffective rulers • Imperial city and court opulence Famine Rebel forces (Manchu led) storm Forbidden City Emperor totally Detached • He and his family commit suicide

Manchu invaders from the north

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QING DYNASTY

Qing Dynasty     Manchu Invaders • Military Strength Conquest Throughout East Asia Preserved Ethnic/Cultural Heritage Strong Imperial Leadership • Confucian Scholar-Bureaucrats • Eunuchs • Powerful Emperors

   Manchu Origins – Pastoral Nomads CONFUCIANISM remains Continuation of Ming

Chinese Economy       Increased Agricultural Production • New Foods - Americas Population Growth Global Trade – Highly Commercialized Favorable Balance of Trade Falls behind in technology TIGHT GOVERNMENT REGULATION • Small Business Organizations

Chinese Society        Society is viewed as a family Strongly Patriarchal Clan Based Scholar Bureaucrats and Gentry are Honored Peasants are highly valued for working the land (AGRICULTURE) Mean People = Military Role of Merchants

 The Unification of Japan Japanese Feudalism • Similar to European Feudalism

Tokugawa Shogunate    Severely Limited Foreign Influence Decreased power of Daimyo/Samurai • Alternate Attendance Christianity