Transcript Week 12 April 19 • Embedding a Drill-Down Graph in a Form • Executive Information Systems R.

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Week 12
April 19
• Embedding a Drill-Down Graph in a Form
• Executive Information Systems
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
A Few Easy Steps
• In Graphics Builder
– Build the first graph
– Build the drill-down graph
– Create the ogr file
• In Form Builder
– Create the chart item that will receive the graph
– Create the push button and add the PL/SQL code
– Create a trigger for the chart item and add the PL/SQL
code
– Test the form
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
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Build the First Graph
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Table Descriptions
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SQL for Pie Chart
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Data Model for Pie Chart
Paste the SQL into the text box
Click on “Execute”
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Data Set for the Graph
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Select Graph Type and Subtype
Pie chart
3D pie chart
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Select the Independent Variable
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Select the Dependent Variable
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Initial Graph
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Group Small Slices Together
Click on a pie slice,
Right-mouse click, and
Select Frame
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Select
Enter a value
Click on OK
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New Graph
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Build the Drill-Down Graph
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Query for the Line Graph
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Start Building the Graph
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Click on the pie slice,
Right-mouse click, and
Select Properties
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Select “Drill-down” tab
Click on “New”
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Enter the parameter
(host variable) name
and an initial value
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Select a column name
(or alias) from the list of
items (to set the host
variable to)
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Enter SQL for the second graph
Host variable
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Data Set for the Line Graph
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Add the Drill-Down Graph
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Select the Graph Type and Subtype
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Select the Independent Variable (x-axis)
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Change to “Month”
Set subcategory to “Record_label_code”
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New Settings
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Select the Dependent Variable
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Initial Graph
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Test the Graph
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Default or initial value
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Line Graph for Atlantic
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Line Graph for GRP Records
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Generate the OGR File
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In Form Builder
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Attach og.pll to the library
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Create the Chart Item
Select “Build a new chart manually”
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New Chart Item
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Object Navigator
Note the block and item names
(will be used in the PL/SQL)
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Create the Trigger for the Push Button
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PL/SQL to Launch the Graph
og.open(display, item, clip-option, refresh-option)
clip-option
True (clip the chart to fit the dimensions of the chart
item), False (match the dimensions of the chart item)
refresh-option True (update graphics display), False (static bitmap
display)
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Create the Trigger for the Next Drill-Down
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PL/SQL to Launch the Next Drill-Down
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Test the Form and Graph
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Initial graph
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After Adjusting the Form and Graph
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Drill-Down
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Hint to Making Graph Fit
Draw a white line to give a false right side of the graph
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Executive Information Systems
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Information Systems
• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
– Support the completion and monitoring of an
organization’s transactions
– Generation of standard documents and reports
– Objectives:
• To process with a high degree of accuracy
• To generate documents and reports in a timely
manner
• To increase and/or enhance services
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Information Systems
– Objectives (cont.)
• To increase labor efficiency and productivity
• To maintain data and information integrity
• To increase revenues
• To reduce costs
• To support more efficient and effective operations
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Ten Characteristics of TPS
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Large amount of input
Large amount of output
Large number of users impacted by the system
Need for efficient processing
Large storage requirements
Fast input and output capabilities
Low computational complexity
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Ten Characteristics of TPS
(Cont.)
• High degree of repetition in processing
• High potential for security-related problems
• Severe and negative impact on the organization if the TPS
fails
Do all information systems work this way?
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Frequency of Use
Very frequent
Infrequent
Required Accuracy
Low
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High
Future
Aggregate
Quite old
Currency
Highly current
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Time Horizon
Data are organizational resources and
must be properly managed.
Historical
Scope
Well defined
Operational
Control
Level of Aggregation
Source
Management
Control
Internal
Strategic
Planning
Detailed
Wide
Information Requirements
External
Robert Anthony's Taxonomy of Managerial
Information Requirements
Levels of Management
• Strategic Planning
"Strategic planning is the process of deciding on objectives of
the organization, on changes in these objectives, on the
resources used to attain these objectives, and on the policies
that are to govern the acquisition, use, and disposition of
these resources."
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Levels of Management (Cont.)
• Management control
"Management control is the process by which managers
assure that resources are obtained and used effectively and
efficiently in the accomplishment of the organization's
objectives."
• Operational control
"Operation control is the process of assuring that specific
tasks are carried out effectively and efficiently."
Anthony, 1965
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Planning within the Organization
Strategic
Planning
Management
Control
Operational
Control
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Strategic Plan
Tactical Plan
Operational Plan
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Managerial Tasks and Decision Making
Strategic
Planning
Management Management
Level
Control
Operational
Control
Managerial
Tasks
Activities
Decision
Making Tasks
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Decision Making in the Organization
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Management Level
Types of Decisions
Operational
Control
Management
Control
Strategic
Planing
Structured
Greater Opportunities
Semi-Structured
Untructured
Greater Opportunities
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EIS
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• “An EIS is a computer-based system intended to facilitate
and support the information and decision-making needs of
senior executives by providing easy access to both internal
and external information relevant to meeting the stated
goals of the organization.”
Marakus, 1999
R. Ching, Ph.D. • MIS Area • California State University, Sacramento
Common EIS Characteristics
• Used directly by top-level executives
• Tailored to individual executive users
• Designed to be easy to operate and require little or no
training to use
• Focused on supporting upper-level management decisions
• Can present information in graphical, tabular, and/or
textual formats
• Provides access to information from a broad range of
internal and external sources
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Common EIS Characteristics
(Cont.)
• Provides tools to select, extract, filter, and track critical
information
• Provides a wide range of report including status reporting,
exception reporting, trend analysis, drill down
investigation, and ad hoc queries
Marakus, 1999
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Common Characteristics of Executives
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Manage entire organization or autonomous subunits
Enterprise-oriented in their thinking
Possess the broadest span of control in the organization
Future-oriented and focus on strategic horizons rather than
day-to-day activities
• Responsible for establishing policies
• Represent the organization and its interactions with the
external environment
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Common Characteristics of Executives
(Cont.)
• Their actions can have considerable financial, human and
business consequences
• Must concern themselves with a wide range of internal and
external issues
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EIS
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Flexibility in accessing information
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