Transcript Plug-in Vehicles: The Utilities Perspective in New England Panel on Integrating Electric Vehicles Into the Grid and Electricity Markets Restructuring Roundtable February 13, 2009 Watson.

Plug-in Vehicles: The Utilities
Perspective in New England
Panel on Integrating Electric Vehicles Into the Grid
and Electricity Markets
Restructuring Roundtable February 13, 2009
Watson Collins
Project Manager, Enterprise Planning Group
Northeast Utilities
NU’s Agenda for the Utilities Sector
… Where Does Electric Transportation Fit In?
1.
Reduce “traditional” end use
energy consumption
 Cut load growth in half
2.
Decarbonize our electricity
fuel supply
 Develop 2,000-2,500 MWs of
New England renewables
 Develop 1,200-1,400 MW new
tie-line to Quebec
3.
Reduce carbon intensity of
“nontraditional” end uses through
electrification and/or gasification
}
Lay the
groundwork for
electric
transportation
2
GM / EPRI Collaboration: NU Leads New England Efforts
40 utilities nationwide
The New Transportation Era:
A Portfolio of Technology Options for Personal Transportation
Vehicle drive trains become simpler as reliance on internal combustion engines decreases:
High
Level of
Complexity
Low
PHEV
EREV
BEV
(Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
(Extended Range Electric Vehicle)
(Battery Electric Vehicle)
Utility infrastructure and charging infrastructure needs increase as “electric miles” increase:
High
Level of
Complexity
Low
PHEV
EREV
BEV
(Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
(Extended Range Electric Vehicle)
(Battery Electric Vehicle)
Automaker Design Choices Will Impact Utilities
Internal
Combustion
Engine
PHEV
EREV
BEV
(Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle)
(Extended Range Electric Vehicle)
(Battery Electric Vehicle)
Yes
Yes
(Powers wheels in parallel with
Electric Motor)
(Powers generator which charges
batteries)
No
Average Electric
Range
10 – 20 Miles
40 Miles
(ICE still runs in electric mode)
(ICE runs after battery is depleted)
EPA MPG Rating
50 – 100 MPG
80 – 120 MPG
100 – 200 MPG
Charging
Requirements
120v 15a circuit
120v 15a circuit (8 hours)
240v 20-30a circuit (3 hours)
240v 30-70a circuit (3-6 hours)
3Ø charger* (15-30 min: 80%
3-5 kWh
8-10 kWh
20-35 kWh
Some
Moderate level of
improvements for 240v
charging
Moderate to high level of
improvements; especially for
3Ø charging
Useable Battery
Sizing
Level of Charging
Infrastructure
Improvements
Needed
* To charge a 35-kWh battery in 10 minutes requires 250 kilowatts of power.
100 + Miles
charge)
The Ultimate Bottomline: EVs Will Deliver a Better
Carbon Footprint, Fuel Cost Savings and MPG Ratings
75–85% Reduction in CO2 Emissions
40–60% Reduction in Annual Fuel Costs @ $2 gas
(70–80% Reduction in Fuel Costs @ $4 gas)
10.0
$3,500
Annual Fuel Cost ($1 gas)
Annual Fuel Cost ($2 gas)
9.0
Annual Fuel Cost ($3 gas)
8.0
Annual Fuel Cost ($4 gas)
$2,500
7.0
6.0
Dollars
Metric Tons of CO2 Annually
$3,000
5.0
4.0
3.0
$2,000
$1,500
$1,000
2.0
$500
1.0
0.0
$20 MPG Car
25 MPG Car
30 MPG Car
Electric Car
20 MPG Car
25 MPG Car
PHEVs are expected to get 80 to 150 MPG ratings
with full EVs getting 100 to 200 MPG ratings
(Roughly 36 kWh equal 1 gallons of gasoline in the EPA’s MPG ratings)
Assumptions
•
15,000 miles annually
•
5 miles per kWh electric consumption
•
New England marginal emissions rate is 1,100 lbs per MWh
•
20 cent per kWh electric price
30 MPG Car
Electric Car
Leveraging the Region’s Fuel Diversity Mix for Transportation
New England’s Generation Fleet …
Has much lower carbon emission rates
than national averages:
Wood/Refuse
4%
Hydro
8%
Other
5%
• The percentage of total generation produced
by gas-fired and gas-and-oil-fired plants in
New England was 42% in 2007.
Gas
30%
• Nationwide, about 21% of electric energy is
produced by power plants fueled by natural
gas.
Will continue to have a better carbon
footprint:
Coal
12%
• New England participates in the Regional
Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI), a cap
and trade market for power sector
greenhouse gas emissions.
Oil/Gas
12%
Nuclear
29%
• Progressively increasing Renewable
Portfolio Standards (RPS) will add lowimpact resources to the market.
• NU and others are taking steps to further decarbonize our electric supply fuel mix.
New England Has Some Catching Up to Do
Major progress and momentum in other regions
f
Comments & Further Dialogue Appreciated
Contact info for Watson Collins:
Email – [email protected]
Office – 860.665.2255
Mobile – 860.989.9879
(Online resources – coming soon)
E-mail me your contact info and I’ll put
you on my distribution list for future
New England EV updates