A Methodology for Communicating Design Processes Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Center for Integrated Facility Engineering, Stanford University Workshop on Social Intelligence Design San Juan,
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A Methodology for Communicating Design Processes Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Center for Integrated Facility Engineering, Stanford University Workshop on Social Intelligence Design San Juan, Puerto Rico December 4, 2008 ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University PROBLEM STATEMENT Two case studies from the Stanford Graduate School of Business Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University PROBLEM STATEMENT Sustainability case study reveals: Designers struggle to share processes Steel vs. Concrete Structure Decision Actual Process Failed Discussion Forum Successful Process Existed Lacked ability to perform model based Life Cycle Assessment Results: Analysis Results Structure: Material Responsibility Steel Concrete ? ? Embodied Energy Steel Concrete No Results = Stakeholder goals not met Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University PROBLEM STATEMENT Sustainability case study reveals: Designers struggle to share processes Steel vs. Concrete Structure Decision Actual Process Failed Discussion Forum Successful Process Existed Take away from this case study: Lacked ability– toI could not find a design process perform model to meet stakeholder goals based Life Cycle Assessment – Even though this process had already been used in myResults: firm Analysis Results Structure: Material Responsibility Steel Concrete ? ? Embodied Energy Steel Concrete No Results = Stakeholder goals not met Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University PROBLEM STATEMENT Day lighting case study reveals: Designers struggle to understand processes Observed Louver Configuration Design Process Input: Architecture Model – Options Considered : 2-3 Louver Configurations – Total Design Time Per Option: 30 hours Time Per Design Task – Non-Value Added Time Per Option: 15 hours Output: Day Light Video Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University PROBLEM STATEMENT Day lighting case study reveals: Designers struggle to understand processes Observed Louver Configuration Design Process Input: Architecture Model Time Per Design Task – Options Considered : 2-3away Louver Configurations Take from this case study: – Design Time Per Option: – Total Process is often repeated 24 hours – Process is inefficient. – Non-Value Added Time Per Option: – No investment in improving 16 hours process Output: Day Light Video – ….until principals saw this slide Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University THE BIG IDEA The Big Idea: Web-based Collaborative Process Integration Platform Communicate Integrate Visualize Share processes Mix & customize processes Process metrics Understand processes Automate processes Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Solution spaces ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University THE BIG IDEA My contribution: Web-based Collaborative Process Integration Platform Communicate Integrate Visualize Share processes Mix & customize processes Process metrics Understand processes Automate processes Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Solution spaces ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University Outline Problem Statement Intuition Research Question Research Method Expected Contribution Acknowledgements Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University INTUITION Intuition Process integration platform A scenario to explain the tool Project: Stanford Graduate School of Business Organization: Day Lighting Consultant Options: Two atrium shapes Goals: Reduce energy use; achieve good day light; be beautiful. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University INTUITION Legend Narrative convention (Haymaker, 2006) Tool Used Barrel color indicates the status of the source information. Green = up-to-date Red = not updated Reid Senescu and John Haymaker What does the information look like? ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University INTUITION Designer observes team’s design Process Integration Platform Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of Business Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University INTUITION Intuition Designer starts lighting analysis by searching for appropriate processes Process Integration Platform Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of Business SEARCH RESULTS Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University INTUITION Process Integration Platform Designer evaluates search result Enlighten 32842: Park Place Offices and chooses two appropriate processes Process Integration Platform PROCESS INFO Arup 9478: Greendale Apartment Unit a Project: Arup E Cubed Lab Projects With This Process Process Type: Day Light Software Required Developer: Robert Cole Process Used: 2 times Links Copied: 31 times Used Most By: Engin Ayaz Other Users of this Process More Usage Details SEARCH RESULTS PROCESS INFO b Project: Arup 9876 Office Building Projects With This Process Process Type: Day Light Software Required COMMENTS Developer: Robert Cole jrogers: Should we invest in automating Process Used: 2 times this process? Links Copied: 31 times Normanrock: Yes, I’ll send a meeting Used Most By: Engin Ayaz request to divide up the work. Other Users of this Process More Usage Details Reid Senescu and John Haymaker PROCESS USAGE Range, Average Iteration Time (hrs) 8 to 40, 22 # of Iterations 1 to 15, 3 ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University INTUITION Save information to process Process Integration Platform Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of Business Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University INTUITION Use process to produce results Process Integration Platform Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of Business Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University RESEARCH ResearchQUESTION Question Research Question What does prior research1 claim a design process2 communicating methodology should entail? How does implementing the theoretically founded methodology impact design process efficiency and effectiveness? 1. Research Fields of Design Theory, Knowledge Management, Human Computer Interaction, and Process Modeling. 2. Building design processes from concept design to construction documentation. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University RESEARCH METHOD Derive a Methodology from points of departure Points of Departure by Research Field 1. Synthesize literature. 2. Develop methodology for design process communicating 3. Develop a web-based collaborative tool to test the methodology 4. Measure impact on AEC design processes Bobrow (1977) “Creative solutions are built from (1974) the Minsky recombination Human of existing ideas” Hargadon (2006) Conklin (1996) Knowledge Management Computer Interaction Winograd (1987) Hippel (2003) Ramsin (2008) Haymaker (2004) Process Modeling Lee (2007) Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Kunz (1970) Pheng (2004) Design Theory Chan (2002) Fischer (1996) Ballard (1998) ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University RESEARCH METHOD Derive a Methodology from points of departure Methodology Transparent Modular Searchable Points of Departure by Research Field Bobrow (1977) “Creative solutions are built from (1974) the Minsky recombination Human of existing ideas” Hargadon (2006) Conklin (1996) Knowledge Management Computer Interaction Usable Winograd (1987) Hippel (2003) Scalable Ramsin (2008) Haymaker (2004) Incentivized Computable Framed Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Process Modeling Lee (2007) Kunz (1970) Pheng (2004) Design Theory Chan (2002) Fischer (1996) Ballard (1998) ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University RESEARCH METHOD Specify characteristics for the design process communicating methodology Methodology Transparent Definitions of Characteristics Quickly and accurately understood by all Modular Broken down into segments of information exchange Searchable Algorithms that predict users’ intent by self-learning Usable Intuitive to use, user-focused, embedded in design process Scalable Able to represent different levels of detail Incentivized Motivated to use processes and to develop new processes Computable Capable of driving processes automatically Framed Visualization is personalized to the user’s perspective Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University RESEARCH METHOD Research Method 1. Synthesize literature. 2. Develop methodology for design process communicating 3. Develop a web-based collaborative tool to test the methodology 4. Measure impact on AEC design processes Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University RESEARCH METHOD Implement Methodology using Agile Software Development Methodology Specifications Agile Software Development (Cohen 2004) User Stories Requirements Acceptance Tests Modular Spec. 2.1.3: Broken down into segments of information exchanges. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Spec. 2.1.3 Spec. 2.1.3 User copies process links from one project into another project. Drag and drop process links. Spec. 2.1.3 Copy Revit-to-DWG link from one frame to another frame. ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University RESEARCH ResearchMETHOD Method Implement Methodology using Agile Software Development Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University RESEARCH METHOD Research Method 1. Synthesize literature. 2. Develop methodology for design process communicating 3. Develop a web-based collaborative tool to test the methodology. 4. Measure impact on AEC design processes. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University RESEARCH METHOD Measure Design Processes By breaking down modeling tasks PLAN Reid Senescu and John Haymaker MODEL POST-PROCESS ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University RESEARCH METHOD Measure efficiency using design tasks Value AddedTim e Efficiency TotalTim e Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University RESEARCH METHOD Measure efficiency before & after the use of the tool Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Hypothetical ©2008 Results Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University RESEARCH METHOD Measure Effectiveness Using MACDADI value (Haymaker, 2006) MACDADIValue f goals, preferences, assessment Effectiveness MACDADI Value Effectiveness Unchanged Effectiveness 0.58 Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Effectiveness 0.58 Hypothetical ©2008 Results Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University EXPECTED CONTRIBUTION Contributions to Knowledge Question 1: According to the literature, what is a design process communicating methodology? Human Computer Interaction Question 2: How does implementing this methodology impact process efficiency & effectiveness? Knowledge Management Process Modeling Design Theory Contribution A methodology for communicating processes supported by evidence of its impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of design processes in AEC. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University EXPECTED CONTRIBUTION Expected impact on industry Lay the foundation for continuous improvements in design process efficiency and effectiveness Improving multi-disciplinary design optimization Essential to the sustainability of the built environment. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgements John Haymaker, Forest Flager, Ben Welle Vladlen Koltun Sir Ove Arup founded his practice in London in 1946 based on a belief in ‘total design’ — the integration of the design process and the interdependence of all the professions involved, the creative nature of engineering, the value of innovation and the social purpose of design. Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu Reid Senescu and John Haymaker, Stanford University Questions? Reid Senescu and John Haymaker ©2008 Reid Senescu