Transcript No flares but electricity Jacob KLIMSTRA Wärtsilä Power Plants 150 Gm3/year flared 6% of worldwide gas use 1.5% of Total Primary Energy Supply.

No flares but electricity
Jacob KLIMSTRA
Wärtsilä Power Plants
150 Gm3/year flared
6% of worldwide gas use
1.5% of Total Primary
Energy Supply
A reciprocating engine + generator : the solution
Example: High fuel efficiency
of a reciprocating engine
90
Fraction of fuel input (%)
80
Combined efficiency
70
60
Heat fraction
50
40
30
20
electrical efficiency
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Electric power (%)
70
80
90
100
The common Otto-cycle gas engine:
the challenge of gas quality
– Knock resistance: methane number > 60
– Dry, sweet and free of condensates and particles
Intake
Exhaust
But: we have the Gas-Diesel engine
GD
The gas – diesel (GD) working principle
Exh
Air
Air Intake
Exh
Air
Compression of Air
Exh
Air
Injection of Gas
and Pilot Fuel Ignition
– Diesel fuel serves as the igniter
– Gas is injected simultaneously with the diesel
– Knocking can not occur
GD Gas operation mode
100
Fuel Share %90
80
70
60
Gas
50
Liquid
40
30
20
Constant fuel amount at
3 - 5 % of 100 % load
10
0
Load %
Fuel specs for the GD
Fuel property
Min./max.
Limit
Unit
Lower heat value
min.
30
Gas supply pressure to engine
max.
350 ± 5
bar
Gas temperature before engine
max.
50
°C
Methane (CH 4)
min.
60
vol.-%
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
max.
30
vol.-%
Chlorine's + fluorine's
max.
50
vol. ppm
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S)
max.
500
vol. ppm
Other sulphides or mercaptans
max.
50
vol. ppm
Water (H 2O)
max.
100
Particles or solids size
max.
10
vol. ppm
mm
MJ/Nm
3 2)
1)
1) 310 bar for engines with max output 85% D output
3
2) Nm defined at 0°C, 1.01 bar
Reference: Dygoil
• Dygoil, Equador
– 2 x Wärtsilä® 16V32GD
– 11MWe
– The power plant started up
in March 2004, and it
operates with oil field
associated gas as the main
fuel, and Crude oil as
supplementary fuel
– The plant is designed to
utilize the associated gas
and to minimize the need
for flaring, and unnecessary
CO2 emissions are avoided
No power problem if the gas flow varies
Diesel Gas
share % share %
0
100
10
90
20
80
30
70
40
60
50
50
60
40
70
30
80
20
90
10
100
0
GD operation
Fuel Sharing
Fuel Sharing
Transfer window
Fuel oil operation
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Engine load%
diesel
pilot
gas and oil
share
adjustable
GD Engines power range
Engine Type
Cylinder bore, mm
Speed, rpm
Heat Rate (ISO), kJ/kWhe
Wärtsilä 32GD
320
720 / 750
8,270 [43.5%]
Wärtsilä 46GD
460
500 / 514
8,050 [44.7%]
Fuel oil qualities
Diesel oil
Heavy fuel oil
Crude oil
Diesel oil
Heavy fuel oil
Crude oil
Gas qualities
Natural gas
Associated gas
Natural gas
Associated gas
12, 16, 18
12, 16, 18
Cylinder configurations
- V-form
Generator power, kWe
4,320 – 6,500
11,300 – 17,000
Compression power
350
bar
Gas LHV = 30 MJ/Nm3, dicharge pressure = 350 bar(a)
kW
43.5 * 0.954 = 41.5 %
500
450
400
4.6% of
power
350
300
18V32GD
16V32GD
12V32GD
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
bar
Other possibilities at the horizon
GASPAC®
any gas
methane
inverse reformer
For YOU to remember:
• Flaring can be reduced and the gas can be used
with high:
1. Fuel flexibility
2. Power flexibility
3. Fuel-to-power efficiency
Wärtsilä can help you