From “Now-Gen” to “Next-Gen” Do We Need (More) New Rules? Janeen Kochan, Ph.D. Aviation Research, Training, and Services, Inc. World Airline Training Conference 27-29 April.
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From “Now-Gen” to “Next-Gen” Do We Need (More) New Rules? Janeen Kochan, Ph.D. Aviation Research, Training, and Services, Inc. World Airline Training Conference 27-29 April 2010 Orlando, FL USA The Good News? FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: April 8, 2010 SB-10-11 NTSB RELEASES 2009 AVIATION ACCIDENT STATISTICS; ON-DEMAND ACCIDENTS AT LOWEST LEVEL IN LAST 20 YEARS Washington, D.C. - The National Transportation Safety Board today released preliminary aviation accident statistics for 2009 showing an overall decrease in U. S. civil aviation accidents that includes general aviation and ondemand Part 135 operations. In fact, on-demand Part 135 operations had the lowest number of accidents and fatal accidents for that type of air operation in the last 2 decades. 2010 World Aviation Training Conference World Aviation Training Welcome to the FAA’s North Florida Flight Standards District Office Training and certifying many of the world’s pilots Do we need more “new” rules? 2010 World Aviation Training Conference It depends... First need to evaluate existing rules based on valid research and data (LAR approach not adequate) Change or delete rules that are not supported, not relevant, or not needed Then, adhere to existing rules Make future changes to policies and procedures based on valid research and data... 2010 World Aviation Training Conference Support for the Answer Keynote Address (Mr. Jean Pinet) “To be effective, studies must look into the workings of the brain – improving memory retention, situation awareness, diagnosis of complex, unexpected situations, resistance to error and swift, reliable decisionmaking. The current pragmatic cooperation between technology and ergonomics – both physiological and cognitive – must give way to properly oriented scientific research. This is obviously valid for all professions.” 2010 World Aviation Training Conference Do We Need New Rules? 7 Examples 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Civil Air Regulations Instrument Training Upset Recovery Training FAA 61.75 Certificates Technology Personal Responsibility Professionalism 2010 World Aviation Training Conference 1. Civil Air Regulations 1945 CAR requirements for Private Pilot: 30 hours solo 1 turn Spin in each direction 3 power-off 180 degree accuracy landings beyond and within 300 feet 2010 World Aviation Training Conference 2. Instrument Training View Limiting Device Instructing with FSTD’s 2010 World Aviation Training Conference 3. Upset Recovery Training Spins – see Civil Air Regulations 1945 Instructing URT with FSTD’s 2010 World Aviation Training Conference 3. Upset Recovery Training Federal Register / Vol. 74, No. 7 / Monday, January 12, 2009 / Proposed Rules MAJOR CHANGES AND THEIR APPLICABILITY TO CREWMEMBERS AND AIRCRAFT DISPATCHERS B. Flight Crewmembers 1. Require the use of FSTD for job performance training and evaluation. 2. Train and evaluate flight crewmembers in a full crew environment. 3. Require Special Hazards training (Upset Recovery Training). 4. Require Recurrent LOFT. 5. Reduce the frequency of performance drills using emergency equipment and procedures. 2010 World Aviation Training Conference 4. FAA 61.75 Airman Certificates Standardization of pilot certification Multicrew Pilot License? 2010 World Aviation Training Conference 5. Technology 2010 World Aviation Training Conference 5. Technology Safety Record of Technically Advanced Aircraft (TAA) - NTSB March 2010 safety study: Analyzed accident rates of over 8,000 small piston-powered airplanes manufactured between 2002 and 2006 Found that those equipped with glass cockpits had a higher fatal accident rate than similar aircraft with conventional instruments 5. Technology Why? The Safety Board determined that because glass cockpits are both complex and vary from aircraft to aircraft in function, design and failure modes, pilots are not always provided with all of the information they need – both by aircraft manufacturers and the Federal Aviation Administration – to adequately understand the unique operational and functional details of the primary flight instruments in their airplanes. 2010 World Aviation Training Conference 6. Personal Responsibility Regulations and Practical Test Standards Loopholes in the regulations - the three 150’s - the “safety pilot” How many pilots can log PIC at the same time in the same airplane? 2010 World Aviation Training Conference 6. Personal Responsibility Intent of the rule Pilot fatigue example 2010 World Aviation Training Conference 7. Professionalism NTSB Press Release National Transportation Safety Board Washington, DC 20594 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: April 19, 2010 SB-10-11 ***************************************************************************************** NTSB TO HOLD A PUBLIC FORUM ON PROFESSIONALISM IN AVIATION ***************************************************************************************** (Washington, DC) The National Transportation Safety Board will hold a safety forum on professionalism in aviation beginning Tuesday, May 18, 2010. The three-day, en-banc forum will be chaired by NTSB Chairman Deborah A.P. Hersman..."During the forum, we will gather information on the screening, selection and training of pilots and controllers and methods to reinforce professionalism and excellence.“ (Italics added) 2010 World Aviation Training Conference 7. Professionalism “Then” Generation? 2010 World Aviation Training Conference 7. Professionalism “Then” Generation? 2010 World Aviation Training Conference 7. Professionalism National Transportation Safety Board Safety Recommendation Require all 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121, 135, and 91K operators to provide a specific course on leadership training to their upgrading captains that is consistent with the advisory circular requested in Safety Recommendation A-10-13. (A-10-14) 2010 World Aviation Training Conference 7. Professionalism Darker Shades of Blue or too many shades of gray (grey?)? 2010 World Aviation Training Conference Do We Need (More) New Rules? Aviators Model Code of Conduct http://www.secureaviation.org/ 2010 World Aviation Training Conference NextGen is Now Two-tiered pilot certification? Standardization through ICAO? Training and oversight of training providers and designees? Keep training up-to-pace with technology? Base new rules on research. 2010 World Aviation Training Conference Base Training, Evaluation, and Selection Needs on Valid Research Aviation Experiences Number Types Meaningful Relevant Recent Values Motivation Risk Management “Expert Pilot” Attentional Control Perceptions Hazard Awareness Decision Making Expectations Metacognition Dynamic Problem Solving Cognitive Flexibility Motivation and Metacognition Enforce performance standards Teach self-evaluation of performance 2010 World Aviation Training Conference The Good News? FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: April 8, 2010 SB-10-11 NTSB RELEASES 2009 AVIATION ACCIDENT STATISTICS; ON-DEMAND ACCIDENTS AT LOWEST LEVEL IN LAST 20 YEARS Washington, D.C. - The National Transportation Safety Board today released preliminary aviation accident statistics for 2009 showing an overall decrease in U. S. civil aviation accidents that includes general aviation and ondemand Part 135 operations. In fact, on-demand Part 135 operations had the lowest number of accidents and fatal accidents for that type of air operation in the last 2 decades. 2010 World Aviation Training Conference From “Now-Gen” to “Next-Gen” Do We Need (More) New Rules? Thank You