Transcript FMSY is good 0.9 FMSY is better 0.9 MSY is best Towards Healthy Fish Stocks and Profitable Fisheries in Europe Rainer Froese IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany [email protected] EC, 22

FMSY is good
0.9 FMSY is better
0.9 MSY is best
Towards Healthy Fish Stocks
and Profitable Fisheries
in Europe
Rainer Froese
IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany
[email protected]
EC, 22 June 2010, Brussels
What is a Stock?
• A stock is the exploited part of a
population of fishes
• The total weight of the stock is called
biomass (B)
• SSB is the Spawning Stock Biomass, i.e.,
the total weight of the adults
Sardine
Biscay and off Portugal
800
Spawning Stock Biomass (1000 t)
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Year
ICES 2010
What is MSY?
• MSY is the Maximum Sustainable Yield
• MSY is the maximum catch that the stock
can deliver on a regular basis
• Catches above MSY shrink the stock
Cod, Eastern Baltic
1000
900
SSB and Landings (1000 t)
800
700
600
500
400
MSY
300
200
100
0
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Year
Froese & Proelß Fish & Fisheries 2010
What is BMSY?
• BMSY is the stock size that can produce the
maximum sustainable yield
• BMSY is the central reference point of the
Law of the Sea and UNFSA (1995) with
regard to fisheries
Can not produce MSY
Depleted
BMSY
Stock biomass B
Can produce MSY
Unfished
Cod, Eastern Baltic
1000
BMSY
900
SSB and Landings (1000 t)
800
700
600
500
400
MSY
300
200
100
0
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Year
Froese & Proelß Fish & Fisheries 2010
What the hell is F?
• F is the rate by which fish are removed from
the stock by fishing (fishing mortality)
• F can be translated into the percentage of the
stock that is taken by the fishery
F
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
%
10 18 26 33 39 45 50 55 59 63
What is FMSY?
• FMSY is the fishing mortality that will lead to BMSY
• F < FMSY leads to stock sizes above BMSY
• F > FMSY shrinks the stock below BMSY
Greenland
halibut
FMSY
%
Cod, herring
Sandeel
0.11
0.24
0.43
10
21
35
Froese & Proelß Fish & Fisheries 2010
Cod, Eastern Baltic
BMSY
1000
1.6
900
1.4
800
SSB (1000 t)
700
1
600
500
0.8
400
0.6
300
Fishing mortality F
1.2
0.4
200
FMSY
100
0
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
0.2
0
2010
Year
Froese & Proelß Fish & Fisheries 2010
What is the biomass of European
stocks relative to BMSY?
Biomass of European Stocks
B = B msy
1
0.8
75 percentile
B/Bmsy
B < B msy
0.6
Median
0.4
0.2
25 percentile
B << B msy
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Year
Froese & Proelß Fish & Fisheries 2010
What is the fishing mortality of
European stocks relative to FMSY
Fishing Pressure on European Stocks
4.5
4
F >> F msy
3.5
F/Fmsy
3
75 percentile
2.5
F > F msy
2
Median
1.5
25 percentile
1
F = F msy
0.5
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Year
Froese & Proelß Fish & Fisheries 2010
What are the landings
relative to MSY?
Landings and Biomass of European Stocks
in 2007
B MSY
1.6
1.4
Landings / MSY
1.2
MSY
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Biomass / B MSY
Froese et al., submitted
Will Europe be able to
rebuild its stocks by 2015?
Rebuilding European Fish Stocks
Precautionary
Target
1
Mean stock size
0.8
Overfished
0.6
0.4
Trend
0.2
0
1970
Unsafe
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Year
Average size of 54 European fish stocks (bold blue line). The upper arrow indicates the path, if 75% of the
stocks were to reach the internationally agreed target in 2015. The lower arrow shows the current trend.
Froese & Proelß Fish & Fisheries 2010
Will Europe be able to
rebuild its stocks by 2015?
NO
Will Europe be able to
at least reduce fishing mortality
to FMSY by 2015?
Fishing Pressure on European Fish Stocks
4.5
Fishing pressure (F /Fmsy )
4
3.5
3
Threatening the stock
Trend
2.5
2
1.5
Damanaki
proposal
Overfishing
1
Precautionary
Target
0.5
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
Year
Average fishing pressure on 54 European fish stocks. The lower arrow indicates the path if 75% of the stocks
were to be fished at the maximum sustainable rate in 2015. However, with the current trend that target will be
missed by more than 30 years.
Froese & Proelß Fish & Fisheries 2010
Will Europe be able to
at least reduce fishing mortality
to FMSY by 2015?
YES
If the Damanaki proposal succeeds
FMSY is good
because it leads to the biomass that can
produce the maximum sustainable yield
(Damanaki proposal)
0.9 FMSY is better
0.9 MSY is best
Why is 0.9 FMSY better than FMSY?
• Because it increases stock size to 30% above
BMSY
• Because larger stock size means lower cost of
fishing -> Maximum Economic Yield
• Because international agreements (UNFSA
1995) asks for Ftarget < FMSY
• Because the precautionary principle demands a
safety distance to FMSY and BMSY
FMSY is good
because it leads to the biomass that can
produce the maximum sustainable yield
(Damanaki proposal)
0.9 FMSY is better
because it leads to larger
stocks, larger profits, more
safety, and compliance with
international agreements
0.9 MSY is best
Why is 0.9 MSY better than 0.9 FMSY?
• Because 0.9 MSY has all the advantages of
0.9 FMSY
In addition
• 0.9 MSY avoids exceeding MSY (FMSY will do that,
thereby creating an incentive for overcapacity)
• 0.9 MSY provides stability for the industry
(same landings as long as B > BMSY)
• 0.9 MSY is a simple, transparent rule that is
easily communicated to stakeholders
0.9 MSY Harvest Control Rule
B MSY
1.3 B MSY
Move stocks here.
Landings may then
be 60% higher
1.6
1.4
Landings / MSY
1.2
MSY
1
0.9 MSY
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Biomass / B MSY
Froese et al., submitted
FMSY is good
because it leads to the biomass that can
produce the maximum sustainable yield
(Damanaki proposal)
0.9 FMSY is better
Because, in addition to the previous,
it avoids overcapacity, provides
stability for the industry, and is
easy to understand
because it leads to larger
stocks, larger profits, more
safety, and compliance with
international agreements
0.9 MSY is best
Thank You
Rainer Froese, IFM-GEOMAR