The Dutch and French Colonies in the New World

U.S. History I

Philip II & the Netherlands Revolt

King Philip II of Spain berating William the Silent, Prince of Orange, by Cornelis Kruseman

© 2000 Wadsworth / Thomson Learning

Calvinist uprising in Aug. 1566 ruthlessly put down by Duke of Alva by 1568 17 provinces unite under

William the Silent, Prince

of Orange, in 1576 Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, reconquered southern 10 provinces Northern 7 provinces form Union of Utrecht in 1579; declare independence as the United Provinces of the Netherlands in 1581

Elizabeth I & English Intervention

Elizabeth turned down offer of Dutch crown, but gave them money & troops Philip plotted with Mary Queen of Scots Plot discovered & Mary executed in Feb. 1587 Pope Sixtus V offered Philip 1 million gold ducats to conquer England & avenge Mary Spanish Armada defeated in English Channel in 1588 Marks beginning of Spain’s decline Marks beginning of rise of Dutch & English empires Leads to the est. of North American colonies Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

The Defeat of the Spanish Armada by Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg, 1796

Dutch Exploration & Colonization

Dutch East India Co. hired Henry Hudson in 1609 to find northern passage around Asia Half Moon by ice, so sailed across Atlantic instead forced to turn back Discovered Delaware Bay, then sailed up river named after him (Sept. 3 – Oct. 4, 1609) Captured by English on return voyage & sailed next year for them, but marooned in Bay

The Last Voyage of Henry Hudson, by John Collier

New Netherlands Colony

Dutch merchants began to tap into fur trade Adriaen Block explored Long Island Sound & Conn. River New Netherland Co. created in 1614 & est. Ft. Nassau Dutch West India Co. formed in 1621 & took over colonization Ft. Good Hope (Hartford, Conn.) Ft. Orange (Albany) High Island (Trenton, N.J.) New Amsterdam est. in 1625

New Amsterdam

New Netherland Society

Charter of Privileges &

Exemptions (1629) allowed directors who planted 50 colonists in 4 years to govern large estates (

patroonships

Only Renesselaerswyk was successful Couldn’t recreate European social order & manage estates long distance 1639 - all people to participate in fur trade doubled population from 1,000 to 2,000 Relations with “ ) autonomously Wilden ” soured by daily provocations & culture clashes Kiliaen Van Rensselaer

English Conquest

Peter Stuyvesant became governor in 1647 Settled Conn. Boundary & conquered Swedish colony to the south Clashed with local elites King Charles II granted land to his brother James, Duke of

York & Albany

Stuyvesant forced to surrender to English in 1664 without a fight New Netherlands & New Amsterdam became New York, and Ft. Orange became Albany

French Colonization

Jacques Cartier explored America 1536-42 Planted cross on Gaspé Peninsula in 1534 Visited Stadacona (Quebec) & Hochelaga (Montreal) in 1535-36 Est. short-lived colony of "Charlesbourg Royal," near Stadacona, 1541-42.

Turmoil in France prevented follow-up Samuel de Champlain made several voyages beginning in 1603 Helped est. settlements at Ste. Croix & Port Royal Founded first permanent French settlement at Quebec in 1608 Allied with Hurons against Iriquois Jacques Cartier Samuel de Champlain

New France

Company of New

France (100 Associates) owned colony, 1627-1663 Became royal colony in 1663, with Jean-Baptiste Talon as superintendant

Father Jacques Marquette & Louis

Jolliet explored Great Lakes & upper Mississippi valley in 1673

René-Robert Cavalier,

Sieur de La Salle, sailed down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico in 1679-82

New France & Louisiana

Population grew slowly 1663: 3,050; 1700: 15,000 Partly because King Louis XIV refused to allow Huguenots to settle there Dependent on Indian allies, so tended to treat them better than English & Spanish did