Chapter 3 Lesson 3 The Middle Colonies

Vocabulary

• • • Patroon: landowner in the Dutch colonies who ruled over large areas of land Pacifist: people opposed to the use of war or violence to settle disputes landowner in the Dutch colonies who ruled over large areas of land Ethnic: of or relating to national, tribal, racial, religious, language, or cultural background

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New York and New Jersey

By 1660s there were two groups of colonies – New England (in North) – Virginia (in South) – Area in between called “New Netherland” • Main settlement was “New Amsterdam” on Manhattan Island • Major transportation link/ Port area good for shipping • Dutch West India Company controlled New Netherland

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Settling New Netherland

Wanted to increase population of area Offered large grants of land to anyone who could bring at least 50 settlers to work the land Called

patroons

– Received these land grants – Ruled like kings • Had their own courts and laws

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New Netherland becomes New York

New Netherland was a Dutch Colony England wanted it.

– Claimed it should be theirs since John Cabot explored the area in the late 1400s.

– In 1664 England attacked the colony and it was surrendered without a fight.

– England’s King Charles gave the colony to his brother, the Duke of York, who renamed it New York.

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New York

New York – Diverse population: Dutch, German, Swedish, and Native American – Some of the Jewish faith (first Jews to settle N.A.) By 1664 – New York had 8000 residents including 300 enslaved Africans – One of the fastest growing colonies

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New Jersey

Duke of York divided his colony – Gave southern portion to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret – The two named the colony (after the island of Jersey in England where Carteret was born) – Attracted settlers with offers of large tracts of land and also promised freedom of religion, trial by jury and a representative government

New Jersey

• • Diverse population like New York NJ becomes a royal colony of England by 1702 – Colonists continue to make local laws

Pennsylvania and Delaware

• Founded by the Quakers – A Protestant group that had been persecuted in England – 1680- William Penn • Wealthy English Quaker • Received the land in payment for a debt King Charles owed Penn’s father • Called the “holy experiment” – A chance to put his Quaker ideals into practice

Quaker Beliefs

• • • • • • • “The society of friends” Everyone is equal People should follow their own inner light

Pacifists- against fighting

Philadelphia – means “Brotherly Love” Penn wrote PA constitution Paid Native Americans for the land

Pennsylvania

• • Diverse: English, Welsh, Irish, Dutch and German settlers Charter of Privileges- grant right for settlers to vote for representatives to the legislature

Closure:

• What policies of Pennsylvania were reflected by the beliefs of the Quakers?