Transcript Slide 1
Bellwork 10/9
• We have discussed the reasons for the
creation of Jamestown and the New
England Colonies (profit, religious
reasons), if you were going to start a
colony, what would your reason be?
Explain why you chose this.
Essential Question
• By the end of this lesson, you should be able to tell
me…
• Why were Maryland, the Carolinas, New York, New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Georgia created?
4.4 Southern and
middle colonies
Maryland
English Catholics also came to America to
escape religious persecution, like the Puritans
Many English leaders felt that English Catholics
would give aid to Catholic countries, like France
and Spain
Cecilius Calvert, AKA Lord Baltimore, was
granted a charter to found a new colony he called
Maryland, after England’s queen Henrietta Maria
Proprietors – owners
o Maryland was a proprietary colony; owned by a group
of people
Baltimore intended for the colony to be a refuge, or
safe place, for English Catholics
Protestants began moving into Maryland around the
1640s
Religious conflicts between the two groups started.
Lord Baltimore created the Toleration Act of 1649,
which made restricting the religious rights of
Christians a crime.
o This was one of the first laws supporting religious
tolerance passed in the English colonies
The Carolinas
In 1663, Charles II gave the land between
Virginia and Spanish Florida to eight of his
supporters
These proprietors named the new southern
colony Carolina, the Latin form of Charles
In 1712, the colony was divided into North
and South Carolina
North Carolina had few plantations, towns
or churches until the 1700s, mostly smaller
farms
South Carolina drew many settlers from other
English colonies, especially in the Caribbean.
o These colonists brought their enslaved
Africans with them
o SC became one of the first colonies to depend
mainly on slave labor
Some colonists tried to grow rice in the swampy
land of SC
o Rice production required many workers,
which led to more slaves
o By 1730 there were about 20,000 enslaved
Africans and about 10,000 white settlers
New York and New
Jersey
The Dutch founded New Netherland as a
trading post for exchanging furs with the
Iroquois
General Peter Stuyvesant (sty-va-sent) took control
of the colony as a dictator in 1647
In 1664, the English fleet took over New
Netherland and renamed it New York
Soon after, the English expanded into territory they
called New Jersey
Both New York and New Jersey benefited from
the fur trade, wheat production, and overseas
trade.
Pennsylvania
William Penn – an original proprietor of New
Jersey
o Wanted to found his own colony that would
provide a safe home for Quakers
This colony became known as Pennsylvania
Quakers – Protestant religious group (sect)
o AKA The Society of Friends
They dressed plainly and rejected formal religious
practices
Supported nonviolence and religious tolerance
Separated at birth?
William Penn
Quaker Oats guy
• There is no official ties to Quakers and Quaker Oats
• It is a marketing ploy for people to buy their product
• Businessmen felt the Quaker ideals of “integrity,
honesty, purity — provided an appropriate identity for
the company's oat product”
What Penn did
o Penn tried to create a government that would
be fair to all its people, and care for the poor
o He limited his own power
o He provided ways of changing the colony’s
laws to reflect what the people wanted
o Sold land to colonists at low prices
o Promised religious freedom to all Christians
Penn named the capital Philadelphia, The City of
Brotherly Love
Penn designed the city, laid out in a checkerboard
pattern that was used by later city planners
Georgia
1732 King George II granted a charter to James
Oglethorpe to found Georgia
o They received permission to start a colony for poor
English citizens
Including people who were jailed for unpaid debts
Oglethorpe did not want Georgia to have large
plantations, but instead smaller farms
o He outlawed slavery and limited the size of land
grants to reach this goal
Many settlers grew tired of these rules, and wanted to
allow slavery and larger farms
Eventually, Georgia was made a royal colony with new
laws, filled with large rice plantations and thousands
of slaves.