Transcript The MED-CSD project: Potential for CSP desalination development in Mediterranean Countries Massimo Moser DLR German Aerospace Center, Institute of Technical Thermodynamic SolarPACES – Perpignan, 23

The MED-CSD project:
Potential for CSP desalination development in
Mediterranean Countries
Massimo Moser
DLR German Aerospace Center, Institute of Technical Thermodynamic
SolarPACES – Perpignan, 23 September 2010
Slide 1
AQUA-CSP scenario for Middle East and North Africa
Potential Water deficit
Source: AQUA-CSP 2007
It is essential to start a paradigm change now!
Slide 2
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
Conventional Desalination Plant
Fossil fuel
Power Plant
Screening
Filtration
Desalination
Unit
Open intake
Direct discharge
Anti-Scaling
Anti-Foaming
Anti-Corrosion
Chlorine
Source: Catalana de Perforacions
Slide 3
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
Sustainable Desalination Plant
CSP collector and
thermal storage
Power Plant
NanoFiltration
Desalination
Unit
Horizontal drain intake
Source: Catalana de Perforacions
Multi-port diffuser
Source: CORMIX
Slide 4
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Selective membrane
Feed water
Permeate
Separation method which bases
on selective membrane: water
passage is pressure dependent,
while salt passage is constant
Required pressure (55 – 70 bar)
Concentrate
Salinity of product water:
< 300 ppm for 1-stage systems
< 50 ppm for 2-stages plants
Relatively high electricity
consumption: 3 - 6 kWh/m3
Very specific pre-treatment of
feed water required
Source: comptonengineering
Slide 5
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
Multiple effect distillation (MED)
Heat source
Typical co-generation application
Feed water
Distillate
Brine
Bases on multiple evaporation and
condensation processes in
different stages, which allow for an
optimal employment of the
available heat for water production
High water quality (< 10 ppm)
Working temperature: 65 - 80 °C
Low internal electricity
consumption (< 0.6 kWh/m3
distillate)
Source: ENTROPIE
Slide 6
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
CSP-RO configuration
Electrical interconnection only
CSP plant can be located away from the coast
Dry-cooling (lower efficiency vs. higher DNI)
Slide 7
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
CSP-MED configuration
Interdependent operation  Limited to coast
Hot water tank allows for compensation of variations in the turbine
thermal output and thus for an almost constant water production
Higher specific investment for MED, but saving of condenser cost
Slide 8
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
Site selection
Source: DLR, kernenergien
10 locations, 4 configurations, 2 DNI models  80 cases!
Slide 9
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
Technical model & boundary conditions
Net power plant capacity
Thermal energy storage
Water production
16
7,8
8,000
MW
hours (Solar multiple 2)
m3/day
Same electricity demand curve for ALL simulated locations!
Site coordinates
Plant configuration
Direct normal irradiation
Ambient temperature
Output file
Wind velocity
Water demand
Electricity demand
Yearly simulation
with INSEL v8
Slide 10
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
Summer/winter comparison:
Result overview - summer case
20
18
1000
16
14
800
12
600
10
8
400
6
4
200
Net electricity production [MW]
DNI [W/m 2]; Qsto [MWh]; Md [m 3/h]
1200
DNI
Qstor
Md
Pel_net
2
0
4392
4404
4416
4428
4440
4452
4464
4476
In summer the day is longer and
the storage can be charged by
day, allowing bridging the night
almost without fossil fuel
consumption
0
4488
Hour of the year [-]
Result overview - winter case
20
18
1000
16
14
800
12
600
10
8
400
6
4
200
Net electricity production [MW]
DNI [W/m 2]; Qsto [MWh]; Md [m 3/h]
1200
DNI
Qstor
Md
In winter the day is shorter and
the low sun elevation causes large
efficiency losses. The storage can
not be completely charged
Pel_net
2
0
24
36
48
60
72
84
96
108
0
120
Hour of the year [-]
Slide 11
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
Main results of the technical model
Hybrid rate varies between ca 25% and 50% in function of available solar
resources and in minor measure of plant configuration
Seawater salinity affects the internal electrical consumption of the RO
 influence on the size of solar field and turbine
The cooling system in the RO case is a dry-cooling; the design ambient
temperature plays a very important role
The MED has a quite stable behaviour, due to the presence of the hot
water tank
Slide 12
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
Financial models
2 financing options (Source: EIB)
Corporate (or promoter) finance
Financing partners provide funding to
the promoter (a company, a consortium
of companies or an institution)
The cash flows are discounted with the
WACC
Project finance
The project is realized and financed via
a standalone project company
The equity cash flows are discounted
with the required rate of return on
equity (private investor's point of view)
Slide 13
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
Main results of the financial model
Source: EDF, kernenergien
Slide 14
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
Main results of the financial model
Assuming the private investor's point of view (the “realistic” point of view),
none of the analysed configuration is economically feasible (NPV<0)
 Adequate feed-in tariff or a grant is necessary
In Italy, where existing Feed-in-Tariffs are assumed in the model, just a
small grant is required
Private investors require high revenues in risky countries like Palestine and
Egypt (up to 20 %)
 This is an obstacle for the project profitability also in locations with an
excellent solar irradiation like Safaga (EGY2)
With the given assumptions, the LFR-RO is the more profitable
configuration. However LFR is not as mature as PT and MED require a
simpler water pre-treatment, final decision case-by-case (site dependent)
Slide 15
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
Conclusions
Increasing water shortages require a paradigm change in the water
sector supply; countermeasures in order to improve efficiency in the
water sector have to be taken as soon as possible (drip systems, water
distribution and re-use, avoidance of water-intensive crops)
However these countermeasures will not be sufficient to cover the water
deficit and new water sources have to be tapped
Sustainable desalination driven by CSP is a valid option: the energy
source is large enough to cope with demand and CSP is a proven
technology
CSP mitigates the risk if energy cost escalation, allows for a flexible plant
operation. First pilot and demonstration plants will show the
attractiveness of this sustainable solution
Slide 16
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010
For more information:
www.med-csd-ec.eu
www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp
Thank you!
Slide 17
The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010